The role of word frequency and morpho-orthography in agreement processing

Agreement attraction in comprehension (when an ungrammatical verb is read quickly if preceded by a feature-matching local noun) is well described by a cue-based retrieval framework. This suggests a role for lexical retrieval in attraction. To examine this, we manipulated two probabilistic factors known to affect lexical retrieval: local noun word frequency and morpho-orthography (agreement morphology realised with or without –s endings) in a self-paced reading study. Noun number and word frequency affected noun and verb region reading times, with higher-frequency words not eliciting attraction. Morpho-orthography impacted verb processing but not attraction: atypical plurals led to slower verb reading times regardless of verb number. Exploratory individual difference analyses further underscore the importance of lexical retrieval dynamics in sentence processing. This provides evidence that agreement operates via a cue-based retrieval mechanism over lexical representations that vary in their strength and association to number features

Observation of numerous E2 mode phonon replicas in the room temperature photoluminescence spectra of ZnO nanowires: Evidence of strong deformation potential electron-phonon coupling

The authors report the observation of numerous (\u3e20)phonon replica peaks in the room temperature photoluminescence spectrum of ZnOnanowires embedded in 50nm diameter pores of an anodic alumina film. The peaks are spaced in energy by ∼54meV, which is the energy of a nonpolar phonon with symmetry E2 in ZnO. These peaks are possibly caused by resonant phonon-assisted decay of photoexcited electrons to an impurity band, followed by radiative recombination. These results suggest that even though ZnO is strongly polar, deformation potential coupling to a nonpolar phonon mode may be stronger than Fröhlich coupling to polar phonon modes

A Drumlinoid Hill, Story County, Iowa

This is a brief report on an interesting hill occurring on the Cary drift plain in central Story County. The hill is situated in sections 7 and 8, T. 84 N., R. 22 W., about four miles north of Nevada. It forms a conspicuous, isolated prominence in an area of several square miles of relatively featureless drift plain. The hill is about two miles long, and one-quarter mile wide. The long axis is directed northwest-southeast with an essentially even crest line. The maximum height of the hill above the adjacent plain is about 60 feet as shown on a profile along the road between sections 7 and 8. (See Figure 1) Our attention was first directed to the hill because of its distinctly lighter color as observed on air photos, its isolated occurrence, and its position with respect to drainage

Shubnikov de Haas effect in the metallic state of Na0.3_{0.3}CoO2_2

Shubnikov de Haas oscillations for two well defined frequencies, corresponding respectively to areas of 0.8 and 1.36% of the first Brillouin zone (FBZ), were observed in single crystals of Na$_{0.3}$CoO$_2$. The existence of Na superstructures in Na$_{0.3}$CoO$_2$, coupled with this observation, suggests the possibility that the periods are due to the reconstruction of the large Fermi surface around the $\Gamma$ point. An alternative interpretation in terms of the long sought-after $\epsilon_g^\prime$ pockets is also considered but found to be incompatible with existing specific heat data.Comment: 5 pages 4 figure

Phenomenology of the normal state in-plane transport properties of high-TcT_c cuprates

In this article, I review progress towards an understanding of the normal state (in-plane) transport properties of high-$T_c$ cuprates in the light of recent developments in both spectroscopic and transport measurement techniques. Against a backdrop of mounting evidence for anisotropic single-particle lifetimes in cuprate superconductors, new results have emerged that advocate similar momentum dependence in the transport decay rate $\Gamma$({\bf k}). In addition, enhancement of the energy scale (up to the bare bandwidth) over which spectroscopic information on the quasiparticle response can be obtained has led to the discovery of new, unforeseen features that surprisingly, may have a significant bearing on the transport properties at the dc limit. With these two key developments in mind, I consider here whether all the ingredients necessary for a complete phenomenological description of the anomalous normal state transport properties of high-$T_c$ cuprates are now in place.Comment: 31 pages, 10 figure

Fragile three-dimensionality in the quasi-one-dimensional cuprate PrBa_2Cu_4O_8

In this article we report on the experimental realization of dimensional crossover phenomena in the chain compound PrBa$_2$Cu$_4$O$_8$ using temperature, high magnetic fields and disorder as independent tuning parameters. In purer crystals of PrBa$_2$Cu$_4$O$_8$, a highly anisotropic three-dimensional Fermi-liquid state develops at low temperatures. This metallic state is extremely susceptible to disorder however and localization rapidly sets in. We show, through quantitative comparison of the relevant energy scales, that this metal/insulator crossover occurs precisely when the scattering rate within the chain exceeds the interchain hopping rate(s), i.e. once carriers become confined to a single conducting element.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, published at http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/1367-2630/8/9/172/njp6_9_172.htm

Intact, Commercial Lithium-Polymer Batteries: Spatially Resolved Grating-Based Interferometry Imaging, Bragg Edge Imaging, And Neutron Diffraction

We survey several neutron imaging and diffraction methods for non-destructive testing and evaluation of intact, commercial lithium-ion batteries. Specifically, far-field interferometry was explored as an option to probe a wide range of autocorrelation lengths within the batteries via neutron imaging. The dark-field interferometry images change remarkably from fresh to worn batteries, and from charged to discharged batteries. When attempting to search for visual evidence of battery degradation, neutron Talbot-Lau grating interferometry exposed battery layering and particle scattering through dark-field imaging. Bragg edge imaging also reveals battery wear and state of charge. Neutron diffraction observed chemical changes between fresh and worn, charged and discharged batteries. However, the utility of these methods, for commercial batteries, is dependent upon battery size and shape, with 19 to 43 mAh prismatic batteries proving most convenient for these experimental methods. This study reports some of the first spatially resolved, small angle scattering (dark-field) images showing battery degradation

Absence of residual quasiparticle conductivity in the underdoped cuprate YBa2Cu4O8

We report here measurements of the in-plane thermal conductivity K(T) of the underdoped cuprate YBa2Cu4O8 (Y124) below 1K. K(T) is shown to follow a simple, phononic T^3 dependence at the lowest temperatures for both current directions, with a negligible linear, quasiparticle contribution. This observation is in marked contrast with behavior reported in optimally doped cuprates, and implies that extended zero-energy (or low energy) low-energy quasiparticles are absent in YBa2Cu4O8 at low temperatures.Comment: RevTex, 4 pages, 2 figures, Revised versio

‘It stays with you’: multiple evocative representations of dance and future possibilities for studies in sport and physical cultures

This article considers the integration of arts-based representations via poetic narratives together with artistic representation on dancing embodiment so as to continue an engagement with debates regarding multiple forms/representations. Like poetry, visual images are unique and can evoke particular kinds of emotional and visceral responses, meaning that alternative representational forms can resonate in different and powerful ways. In the article, we draw on grandparent-grandchild interactions, narrative poetry, and artistic representations of dance in order to illustrate how arts-based methods might synergise to offer new ways of ‘knowing’ and ‘seeing’. The expansion of the visual arts into interdisciplinary methodological innovations is a relatively new, and sometimes contentious approach, in studies of sport and exercise. We raise concerns regarding the future for more arts-based research in the light of an ever-changing landscape of a neoliberal university culture that demands high productivity in reductionist terms of what counts as ‘output’, often within very restricted time-frames. Heeding feminist calls for ‘slow academies’ that attempt to ‘change’ time collectively, and challenge the demands of a fast-paced audit culture, we consider why it is worth enabling creative and arts-based methods to continue to develop and flourish in studies of sport, exercise and health, despite the mounting pressures to ‘perform’