Integration of Fuzzy with Incremental Import Vector Machine for Intrusion Detection

IDM design and implementation remain a difficult undertaking and an unsolved research topic. Multi-dimensional irrelevant characteristics and duplicate information are included in the network dataset. To boost the effectiveness of IDM, a novel hybrid model is developed that combines Fuzzy Genetic Algorithms with Increment Import Vector Machines (FGA-I2VM), which works with huge amounts of both normal and aberrant network data with high detecting accuracy and low false alarm rates. The algorithms chosen for IDM in this stage are machine learning algorithms, which learn, find, and adapt patterns to changing situations over time. Pre-processing is the most essential stage in any IDM, and feature selection is utilized for pre-processing, which is the act of picking a collection or subset of relevant features for the purpose of creating a solution model. Information Gain (IG) is utilized in this FGA-I2VM model to pick features from the dataset for I2VM classification. To train the I2VM classifier, FGA uses three sets of operations to produce a new set of inhabitants with distinct patterns: cross over operation, selection, and finally mutation. The new population is then put into the Import Vector Machine, a strong classifier that has been used to solve a wide range of pattern recognition issues. FGA are quick, especially considering their capacity to discover global optima. Another advantage of FGA is their naturally parallel nature of assessing the individuals within a population. As a classifier, I2VM has self-tuning properties that allow patterns to attain global optimums. The FGA-efficacy I2VM model’s is complemented by information gain, which improves speed and detection accuracy while having a low computing cos

Length - weight relationship of a mesopelagic shrimp, Oplophorus typus from the west coast of India

The length weight relationship of Oplophorus typus (Oplophoridae) was studied from samples by Isaac Kid - Mid water Trawl (IKMT)operated onboard FORV Sagar Sampada off west coast of india during October 1998 to May 2001. The relationship between total length and total weight and other dimentional relationship were also worked out. The relationships are not significantly different between male and female

Karyotype of a Bagrid catfish, Mystus vittatus, from the freshwater system of Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India

Karyological characters of Mystus vittatus (Bagridae) in the freshwater system of Chidambaram were studied by examining metaphase chromosome spreads from the gill tissues. The examination of 149 metaphase spreads prepared from 25 fingerling specimens indicated that the chromosome number of this species was 2n=54 and the arm number was 12 for metacentric, 36 for submetacentric, and 30 for acrocentric type. The prepared karyotypes of this species consisted, of 3 pairs of metacentric (m), 9 pairs of submetacentric (sm) and 15 pairs of acrocentric (a) chromosomes. The chromosome formula can be represented as 2n = 3m + 9sm + 15a. This karyotype is significantly different from same species reported by others. Karyological parameters showed that centrometric index, arm ratio, relative length, and length variation range of chromosome of this fish species are between 14.97-50.00, 1.00-5.68, 3.12-18.48, and 0.60-3.56, respectively. The largest chromosome in this species is a pair of submetacentric chromosomes. Considering the number of chromosomes, it seems likely that M. vittatus, is a diploid origin fish

Growth and mortality parameters of the three spot crab, Portunus sanguinolentus (Herbst, 1783) from Gulf of Mannar, South East Coast of India

1534-1539The stock characteristics of growth and mortality parameters of portunus sanguinolentus were studied from Gulf of Mannar. The carapace width of male and female P. sanguinolentus was ranged from 3.9 cm to 19.10 cm, carapace length 1.9 cm to 10.3 cm and the weight ranged from 15 to 328 g. The growth parameters of P. sanguinolentus (Male- L∞ = 19.31 cm, K = 1.08 yr-1, t0 = -0.165: Female - L∞ = 20.49 cm , K = 1.43yr-1, t0 = -0.121). The mortality parameters like natural mortality (M), fishing mortality, total instantaneous mortality (Z) and exploitation ratio (E) of P. sanguinolentus (Male- M = 2.00; F = 1.97; Z = 3.97 & E=0.4962: Female -M =2.3; F = 2.39; Z= 4.69 and E = 0.5095) were observed. The results showed that P. sanguinolentus population is marginally over exploited at Gulf of Mannar

Studies on pelagic shrimps in the deep scattering layer of the west coast of India (TH 100)

Today, when so much is being said and written about our interests in the ocean, it is particularly important to retain our perspective. Of course, the present pattern is likely to change, although how rapidly or dramatically we do not know. What is certain is that we shall use the ocean more intensively and in a greater variety of ways. Our greatest need is to use it wisely. The general goal of ecological research to which marine biology makes an important contribution, is to achieve an understanding and to tum to our advantage all the biological processes that give our planet its special character. Marine biology is focussed on the problems of biological production, which are closely related to problems of production in the economic sense as well. Our most compelling interest is often narrower. It lies in ocean life as a renewable resource, primarily of protein-rich foods and food supplements for our domestic animals and to us and of secondary materials and drugs. At this point, it is time to inquire about the future expectations from the ocean which is or three dimensional environments provides protein rich seafoods alternate to agricultural products from land. Other than this, nonliving resources such as minerals, oil, medicinal properties of the various marine organisms etc. are resources we collect from the sea. The present harvest of marine living resources from the world oceans is about 87 million tonnes in 1996 (Anon., 1998). More than 90% of this harvest is finfishes: the rest consists of whales, crustaceans, molluscs and other invertebrates. It is now a common knowledge that fish is one of the few major foodstuffs showing an increase in global production that continues to exceed the growth rate of the human population. This increase has been accompanied by changing patterns of use. Although some products of high unit values that includes luxury foods, such as shellfish, have maintained or even enhanced their relative economic importance and the trend is that moderate catch is used directly for human consumption and the bulk is reduced to fishmeal for animal feed and manure. There are also large aggregations of pelagic animals that live further down and are associated particularly with the "Deep Scattering Layer" (DSL). the sound-reflecting stratum observed in all oceans which has vast potential to provide exploitable resources.

Metal based pharmacologically active agents: Synthesis, structural elucidation, DNA interaction, in vitro antimicrobial and in vitro cytotoxic screening of copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes derived from amino acid based pyrazolone derivatives

AbstractThe paper presents the synthesis of complex combinations of Cu(II) and Zn(II) with Schiff base obtained by the condensation reaction of 4-aminoantipyrine with benzaldehyde and 2-amino-3-methyl-butanoicacid. Structural features of synthesized compounds were determined by analytical and spectral techniques. Binding of synthesized complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT DNA) was studied by spectroscopic methods and viscosity measurements. Experimental results indicated the ability of the complexes to form adducts with DNA and to distort the double helix by changing the base stacking. Oxidative DNA cleavage activities of the complexes were studied with supercoiled (SC) pUC19 DNA using gel electrophoresis. The in vitro antimicrobial screening effects of the investigated compounds were monitored by the disk diffusion method. The synthesized Schiff base complexes exhibited higher antimicrobial activity than the respective free Schiff base. The in vitro cytotoxicity of synthesized complexes against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) tumor model was investigated using trypan blue dye exclusion assay. The complexes possessed significant cytotoxic activity

Penaeoid and Sergestoid shrimps from the deep scattering layer (DSL) in the Arabian Sea

Results of a preliminary study on the occurrence and distribution of seventeen species of Penaeoid and Sergestoid shrimps from the deep scattering layer'(DSL) of the Indian EEZ of Arabian Sea are presented here based on the IKMT samples collected during FORV Sagar Sampada cruises from May 1998 to December 2002

Food and feeding habits of the pelagic shrimp, Oplophorus typus from the deep scattering layer along the west coast of India

The food and feeding habits of the pelagic shrimp, Oplophorus typus, an inhabitant of deep scattering layer from the west coast of India were studied during the period, October 1998-May 2001. Difference in food preference had been noticed between seasons and at different bathymetric realms. O.typus preferred food items such as detritus, chaetognaths, crustacean remains, fish remains, shrimp remains, euphausiids, diatoms, copepods and foraminifera. Diurnal variations in the feeding intensity as well as preference of food items were noticed

Population dynamics and stock assessment of Delegoa threadfin bream, Nemipterus bipunctatus (Nemipteridae), from the Wadge Bank, South India

Fishery, population characteristics and stock estimates of Nemipterus bipunctatus were studied during June 2015 to May 2016 from Wadge Bank, South India. This region is characterised by rich biodiversity and has a conducive influence of the Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea. The asymptotic length (L?), growth coefficient (K) and arbitrary origin of growth (t0) were estimated as 30.5 cm, 0.85/year and 0.18 respectively. The mortality parameters, total mortality rate (Z), fishing mortality rate and natural mortality rate (M) were estimated as 2.20, 0.95 and 1.25 respectively. Exploitation ratio (E) was found to be 0.57 which showed marginal over exploitation of the species at Wadge Bank. This species has two recruitment seasons, one major season from October to December and another minor season in August. The length structured Virtual population analysis revealed heavy fishing pressure on the length group 24 to 28 cm and hence the delegoa threadfin bream was not found to suffer due to recruitment overfishing in Wadge Bank. Estimated total stock, Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) and annual catch were 5625.9348 tonnes, 1935.321t, 2419.152t respectively. Present level of Exploitation rate (U) and Exploitation ratio (F/Z) were estimated to be 0.43 and 0.57 respectively. The study infers the cod end mesh size of the trawls operated at Wadge Bank coast has to be increase from 10 to 25 mm to increase the yield per recruit, the effort could also be maintained as the exploitation ratio of 0.50 to have maximum yield per recruit. The study suggests reducing the present level of effort by 8 percent may be needed to sustain the stock of N. bipunctatus in Wadge Bank, South Indi