History of early life adversity is associated with increased food addiction and sex-specific alterations in reward network connectivity in obesity.

Background:Neuroimaging studies have identified obesity-related differences in the brain's resting state activity. An imbalance between homeostatic and reward aspects of ingestive behaviour may contribute to obesity and food addiction. The interactions between early life adversity (ELA), the reward network and food addiction were investigated to identify obesity and sex-related differences, which may drive obesity and food addiction. Methods:Functional resting state magnetic resonance imaging was acquired in 186 participants (high body mass index [BMI]: ≥25: 53 women and 54 men; normal BMI: 18.50-24.99: 49 women and 30 men). Participants completed questionnaires to assess ELA (Early Traumatic Inventory) and food addiction (Yale Food Addiction Scale). A tripartite network analysis based on graph theory was used to investigate the interaction between ELA, brain connectivity and food addiction. Interactions were determined by computing Spearman rank correlations, thresholded at q < 0.05 corrected for multiple comparisons. Results:Participants with high BMI demonstrate an association between ELA and food addiction, with reward regions playing a role in this interaction. Among women with high BMI, increased ELA was associated with increased centrality of reward and emotion regulation regions. Men with high BMI showed associations between ELA and food addiction with somatosensory regions playing a role in this interaction. Conclusions:The findings suggest that ELA may alter brain networks, leading to increased vulnerability for food addiction and obesity later in life. These alterations are sex specific and involve brain regions influenced by dopaminergic or serotonergic signalling

Pararenalfat Tissue: Rate of Pararenal Obesity and Relation with Anthropometric Indices of Obesity

Aim. To study a rate of excessive pararenal fat tissue (PRFT) thickness and its relationship with anthropometric obesity indices.Material and methods. 372 patients (152 men and 220 women) were included in the study, the average age was 63.5±13.3 years. There were measured: height, weight, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), body mass index (BMI), WC/height ratio, sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), body fat percentage (BFP), body surface area (BSA), body adiposity index (BAI) and visceral obesity index (VAI). All subjects underwent abdominal multispiral computed tomography. PRFT thickness was detected on a single slice at the level of the left renal vein.Results. 27% of the examined group had BMI<25 kg/m2, 28% – excessive body mass, 45% – obesity. The median PRFT thickness was 1.61 (1.03; 2.46) cm. There were correlations between PRFT thickness and glucose (r=0,64, p<0,05) and uric acid (r=0,46, p<0,05) levels. The threshold of referential PRFT thickness was 1,91cm. The rate of pararenal obesity was 9,9% among those with normal body mass, 29,3% in excessive body mass, 66,1% – in 1 class obesity, 67,7% – in 2 class, and 90,1% – in 3 class. The correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the PRFT thickness and obesity indices with exception of VAI and BAI: with BMI (r=0.43, p<0.05), WC (r=0.57, p<0.05), SAD (r=0.58, p<0.05), BFP (r=0.48, p<0.05), WC/height ratio (r=0.46, p<0.05), and BSA (r=0.58, p<0.05).Conclusion. Excessive PRFT may be detected isolated without any external anthropometric signs of obesity, wherein it is an active component of metabolic disorders typical for obesity. The most significant indices for the detection of pararenal obesity may be WC, SAD, and BSA

CALCULATION OF BUILDINGS WITH COMPLEX GEOMETRIC SHAPES FOR WITHSTANDING WIND IMPACT

Objectives. The possibility of modeling wind flow during the design of buildings with complex geometric shapes in order to determine comfort parameters and zones is considered.Methods. The investigation of the impact of wind on a cylindrical building was carried out using Ansys 15.0 software.Results. A finite element model of a modern art museum building having a complex geometric shape is developed for the calculation of the wind flow and the definition of comfort zones. The computational region is chosen such that its borders do not affect the calculation results. The maximum wind speed is assumed to be 44 m/s at an altitude of 10 m from the ground level, this being the maximum in the region of Novorossiysk. The topography of the earth's surface around the model was considered flat. The surface of the building was assumed to be smooth while the surface of the surrounding terrain was assumed to be rough with a roughness parameter of 0,1 m. The parameters of the building orientation relative to the wind rise were varied during the numerical modeling. Three variants of computational models with varying building location and its geometric characteristics are developed. In the first variant, the building model is stretched along the X-axis; in the second variant, the acute angle of the building model's contour is oriented along the Y-axis; in the third variant, the building model is located and oriented along the Y-axis with its obtuse angle of the external contour of the building. The calculation results of a cylindrical building for wind impact correspond to SP 20.13330.2011. The comfort parameters and zones of a building having complex geometric shape are defined by means of numerical modeling of the wind flow. The discrepancy between the object's normative characteristics and the research results is revealed during the calculation of the wind load.Conclusion. The recommendations are given for choosing the optimal location of the museum building, taking into account the comfort parameters and the greatest wind pressure; the geometric shape of the outer contour affects the location of the zones of reduced comfort; a sharp change in the boundaries of the outer contour leads to the appearance of increased pressure and wind speed and, as a consequence, a change in the direction of the vortex flows; it is necessary to apply the finite element method when modeling the wind impact for buildings of complex geometric shapes; sudden changes in the object's contour should be avoided when designing buildings and structures

Analysis of the causes of postoperative nasal septum hematomas and possible measures to prevent them

Curvature of the nasal septum is present in 80% of people living on the planet, as a result of this, septoplasty is the most common surgical intervention in otorhinolaryngology. After surgery, nasal breathing is restored in full, but in the postoperative period, compliance is often violated, and this causes one of the postoperative complications that delays the recovery period and the period of disability- hematoma of the nasal septum. This article will discuss the most common causes of its occurrence and the possibility of minimizing themИскривление перегородки носа, в той или иной степени, есть у 96.5% людей [1], населяющих планету. Вследствие этого септопластика является наиболее распространенным оперативным вмешательством в оториноларингологии. Эффективность данной операции достаточно высока, но в послеоперационном периоде зачастую нарушается комплаентность, и это становится причинами послеоперационных осложнений, одним из которых является гематома перегородки носа, что соответственно затягивает восстановительный период и период нетрудоспособности[2]. В этой работе рассмотрены наиболее частые причины возникновения данной патологии и предложены пути минимизации последне

Validity and reliability of an online self-report 24-h dietary recall method (Intake24): a doubly labelled water study and repeated-measures analysis.

Online self-reported 24-h dietary recall systems promise increased feasibility of dietary assessment. Comparison against interviewer-led recalls established their convergent validity; however, reliability and criterion-validity information is lacking. The validity of energy intakes (EI) reported using Intake24, an online 24-h recall system, was assessed against concurrent measurement of total energy expenditure (TEE) using doubly labelled water in ninety-eight UK adults (40-65 years). Accuracy and precision of EI were assessed using correlation and Bland-Altman analysis. Test-retest reliability of energy and nutrient intakes was assessed using data from three further UK studies where participants (11-88 years) completed Intake24 at least four times; reliability was assessed using intra-class correlations (ICC). Compared with TEE, participants under-reported EI by 25 % (95 % limits of agreement -73 % to +68 %) in the first recall, 22 % (-61 % to +41 %) for average of first two, and 25 % (-60 % to +28 %) for first three recalls. Correlations between EI and TEE were 0·31 (first), 0·47 (first two) and 0·39 (first three recalls), respectively. ICC for a single recall was 0·35 for EI and ranged from 0·31 for Fe to 0·43 for non-milk extrinsic sugars (NMES). Considering pairs of recalls (first two v. third and fourth recalls), ICC was 0·52 for EI and ranged from 0·37 for fat to 0·63 for NMES. EI reported with Intake24 was moderately correlated with objectively measured TEE and underestimated on average to the same extent as seen with interviewer-led 24-h recalls and estimated weight food diaries. Online 24-h recall systems may offer low-cost, low-burden alternatives for collecting dietary information.UK Medical Research Council support is acknowledged by S. B., S. E. H. and K. L. W. (MC UU 12015/3), by F. I. and N. G. F. (MC UU 12015/5), N. W. (MC UU 12015/1) and M. C. V. (MC U105960384). S. B., K. L. W., N. G. F. and N. W. also acknowledge National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre Cambridge: Nutrition, Diet, and Lifestyle Research Theme (IS-BRC-1215-20014). A. J. A. is funded by NIHR as an NIHR Research Professor and is a member of FUSE. Cost of isotope work was part funded by a grant from MedImmune Ltd to S. B., part funded by Newcastle University. Food Standards Scotland (previously Food Standards Agency Scotland) funded study 1 and study 3 which are included in the reliability analysis

Evaluating the Efficiency of Work of the Department of Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Objectives. (1) To evaluate the efficiency of work of the Department of Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI); (2) to study of its work processes; and (3) to elaborate recommendations for their optimization.Material and methods. Using the principles of lean manufacturing and the original methodology of the Philips Co., the investigators made a comprehensive assessment of the work of the Tomography Department, Center for Radiation Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, in December 2016 to February 2017, including: (1) a study of management reports; (2) oral interviews of employees; (3) a survey of employees, by using a specially designed questionnaire; (4) direct observation and subsequent description of work processes; and (5) assessment of patient satisfaction, by calculating the net promoter score. Based on the findings, the investigators calculated the throughput potential of CT and MRI, described the factors influencing the possibility of realizing this potential, developed recommendations to enhance the efficiency of work processes, and ranked the latter by the magnitude of the expected effect, by the complexity of implementation, and by material costs, followed by prioritization.Results. Assessment of the throughput potential has shown that CT and MRI examinations can be performed by 50.6% and 23.2% more, respectively. This can be achieved by additionally attracting patients, reducing equipment downtime, optimizing work processes, most of all at the stage of patient recording and registration, as well as at the stage of image interpretation and creation of a conclusion. The developed recommendations for optimizing work processes included measures of varying effectiveness and complexity, which could rank them according to three priority levels and identify long-term strategic initiatives.Conclusion. The comprehensive study of the efficiency of work of the Departments of CT and MRI made it possible to quantify the potential for increasing the throughput of CT and MRI, to consider in detail the stages of a medical service delivery process, to reveal areas for improving the process, and to form a set of recommendations for their optimization

CONDUCTIVITY OF AMINOMETHANESULPHONIC ACIDS N-DERIVATIVES AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

Conductometric and pH-metric studies of the electrochemical properties of aqueous solutions (1∙10-4 ÷ 9∙10-3 М) of five aminomethanesulphonic acid N-alkylated derivatives (YAMSA) were carried out in the temperature range 293 ÷ 313 K. N-methylaminomethanesulphonic acid (MeAMSA), N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aminomethanesulphonic acid (HEAMSA), N-(n-butyl) aminomethanesulphonic acid (n-BtAMSA), N-(tert-butyl)aminomethanesulphonic acid (t-BtAMSA) and N-benzylaminomethanesulphonic acid (BzAMSA) were used in research. From the results of the conductometric studies of YAMSA – H2O systems it was stated the temperature increase from 293 to 313 K was accompanied by systems molar electrical conductivity increase due to the increase of electrolytes dissociation degree and/or the mobility of the ions formed. Simultaneously for all the systems studied, the acid properties increased with temperature increasing from 293 to 308 K. The limiting electrical conductivity values were calculated by extrapolating according to Shidlovskiy. With considering of the previously published results of the aminomethanesulfonic acid (AMSA) aqueous solutions conductometric study, it was established that the aminomethanesulfonic acids aqueous solutions limiting molar electrical conductivity decreased at 298 K in a series: AMSA (5,75) > BzAMSA (8,76) > HEMSA (9,36) > n‑BtАМSA (9,98) > t‑BtАМSA (9,96) > MeAMSA (9,67). The presented aminomethanesulfonic acids range correlated with their strength (in parentheses – pKYAMSA) A relative decrease of hydrogen ions mobility in HEMSA, n‑BtАМSA, t‑BtАМSA and MeAMSA solutions towards the mobility value for the transport of water H-bonds, as well as the decrease of hydroxyl ions mobility in HEMSA solutions were noted. The compensating effects in the aminomethanesulfonic acid – water systems molar electrical conductivity activation parameters in the temperature range 293 ÷ 313К were noted

ЕЛЕКТРОПРОВІДНІСТЬ ВОДНИХ РОЗЧИНІВ N-АЛКІЛОВАНИХ ПОХІДНИХ АМІНОМЕТАНСУЛЬФОКИСЛОТИ

Conductometric and pH-metric studies of the electrochemical properties of aqueous solutions (1∙10-4 ÷ 9∙10-3 М) of five aminomethanesulphonic acid N-alkylated derivatives (YAMSA) were carried out in the temperature range 293 ÷ 313 K. N-methylaminomethanesulphonic acid (MeAMSA), N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aminomethanesulphonic acid (HEAMSA), N-(n-butyl) aminomethanesulphonic acid (n-BtAMSA), N-(tert-butyl)aminomethanesulphonic acid (t-BtAMSA) and N-benzylaminomethanesulphonic acid (BzAMSA) were used in research. From the results of the conductometric studies of YAMSA – H2O systems it was stated the temperature increase from 293 to 313 K was accompanied by systems molar electrical conductivity increase due to the increase of electrolytes dissociation degree and/or the mobility of the ions formed. Simultaneously for all the systems studied, the acid properties increased with temperature increasing from 293 to 308 K. The limiting electrical conductivity values were calculated by extrapolating according to Shidlovskiy. With considering of the previously published results of the aminomethanesulfonic acid (AMSA) aqueous solutions conductometric study, it was established that the aminomethanesulfonic acids aqueous solutions limiting molar electrical conductivity decreased at 298 K in a series: AMSA (5,75) > BzAMSA (8,76) > HEMSA (9,36) > n‑BtАМSA (9,98) > t‑BtАМSA (9,96) > MeAMSA (9,67). The presented aminomethanesulfonic acids range correlated with their strength (in parentheses – pKYAMSA) A relative decrease of hydrogen ions mobility in HEMSA, n‑BtАМSA, t‑BtАМSA and MeAMSA solutions towards the mobility value for the transport of water H-bonds, as well as the decrease of hydroxyl ions mobility in HEMSA solutions were noted. The compensating effects in the aminomethanesulfonic acid – water systems molar electrical conductivity activation parameters in the temperature range 293 ÷ 313К were noted.Здійснено кондуктометричне і рН-метричне дослідження електрохімічних властивостей водних розчинів (1∙10-4÷9∙10-3 М) п’яти N-похідних амінометансульфокислоти (YAMSA) в області температур 293÷313 К. У дослідженнях використовували N-метиламінометансульфокислоту (MeAMSA), N-(2гідроксиетил)амінометансульфокислоту (HEAMSA), N-(н-бутил)амінометансульфокислоту (n-BtAMSA), N-(трет-бутил)амінометансульфокислоту (t-BtAMSA) і N-бензиламінометансульфокислоту (BzAMSA). За результатами кондуктометрического дослідження систем YАМSA – Н2О збільшення температури від 293 до 313 К супроводжується підвищенням молярної електропровідності систем внаслідок зростання ступеня дисоціації електролітів і / або рухливості утворених іонів. При цьому для всіх досліджуваних систем кислотні властивості з ростом температури від 293 до 308 К збільшуються. Розраховані значення граничної молярної електропровідності шляхом екстраполяції за Шидловським. З урахуванням раніше опублікованих результатів кондуктометричного дослідження водних розчинів амінометансульфокислоти (AMSA) встановлено, що гранична молярна електропровідність водних розчинів амінометансульфокислот при 298 К зменшується в ряду: AMSA (5,75) > BzAMSA (8,76) > HEMSA (9,36) > n‑BtАМSA (9,98)> t‑BtАМSA (9,96) > MeAMSA (9,67). Представлений порядок амінометансульфокислот корелює з їх силою (в дужках – pKYAMSA) Відзначено відносне зниження рухливості іонів водню в розчинах HEMSA, n‑BtАМSA, t‑BtАМSA та MeAMSA, у порівнянні з величиною рухливості при перенесенні по ланцюгах Н-зв’язків води, а також зниження рухливості гідроксил-іонів в розчинах HEMSA. Зазначені компенсаційні ефекти в активаційних параметрах молярної електропровідності систем aмінометансульфокислота – вода в області температур 293 ÷ 313К