MOISTURE CONTENT OF NATURAL GAS IN BOTTOM HOLE ZONE

For the traditional problem of gas flow to a well in the center of circular reservoir, the influence of initial reservoir conditions on dynamics of gas moisture content distribution has been determined. Investigations have been performed in the framework of mathematical model of non-isothermal real gas flow through porous media where heat conductivity was considered to be negligible in comparison with convective heat transfer. It is closed by empirical correlation of compressibility coefficient with pressure and temperature, checked in previous publications. Functional dependence of moisture content in gas on pressure and temperature is based on empirical modification of Bukacek relation. Numerical experiment was performed in the following way. At first step, axisymmetric problem of non-isothermal flow of real gas in porous media was solved for a given value of pressure at the borehole bottom, which gives the values of pressure and temperature as functions of time and radial coordinate. Conditions at the outer boundary of the reservoir correspond to water drive regime of gas production. At the second step, the calculated functions of time and coordinate were used to find the analogous function for moisture content. The results of experiment show that if reservoir temperature essentially exceeds gas – hydrate equilibrium temperature than moisture content in gas distribution is practically reflects the one of gas temperature. In the opposite case, gas will contain water vapor only near  bottom hole and at the rest of reservoir it will be almost zero. In both cases, pressure manifests its role through the rate of gas production, which in turn influences convective heat transfer and gas cooling due to throttle effect

Частота пневмококковой пневмонии у взрослых больных терапевтических стационаров на трех территориях Российской Федерации

Summary. The authors investigated a rate of morbidity of pneumococcal pneumonia in 2010–2011 in therapeutic adult inpatients at three Russian regions using sputum culturing of pathogens and the BinaxR NOW Streptococcus pneumoniae urine test (USA). Two hundred and sixty six patients with radiologically confirmed community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) were examined. Streptococcus antigen in urine was detected in 19.9 % of them including 24.2 % in the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, 25.9 % in Novgorod region, 10.6 % in Samara city. Sputum cultures yielded S. pneumoniae in 20.4 % of patients including 7.0 %, 44.2 % and 22.1 % of patients in regions, respectively. In total, CAP caused by S. pneumoniae was confirmed with lab methods in 13.1 % and in 5.8 %, 30.2 % and 11.7 % patients, respectively. Streptococcus antigen in urine was detected in 25.7 % of patients with severe CAP and in 37.9 % of patients older than 40 years and with co-morbidity who died from CAP. Streptococcus antigen in urine was detected in 29.4 % of patients with CAP complicated by pleural effusion, in 18.5 % of patients with CAP without pleural effusion and in 15.0 % of mild CAP. Streptococcus antigen in urine was detected in 1/3 of patients with positive throat culture and in a half of patients with positive sputum culture for S. pneumoniae. The sensitivity of this test in patients with pneumococcal CAP confirmed by bacteriological methods was 64.3 % and its specificity was 90.9 %. Therefore, the high prevalence of pneumococcal CAP in adult patients admitted to a hospital and severe course of the disease with the risk of death in patients older that 40 years with co-morbidity provide an urgent need for pneumococcal vaccination of these cohorts

MOISTURE CONTENT OF NATURAL GAS IN BOTTOM HOLE ZONE

For the traditional problem of gas flow to a well in the center of circular reservoir, the influence of initial reservoir conditions on dynamics of gas moisture content distribution has been determined. Investigations have been performed in the framework of mathematical model of non-isothermal real gas flow through porous media where heat conductivity was considered to be negligible in comparison with convective heat transfer. It is closed by empirical correlation of compressibility coefficient with pressure and temperature, checked in previous publications. Functional dependence of moisture content in gas on pressure and temperature is based on empirical modification of Bukacek relation. Numerical experiment was performed in the following way. At first step, axisymmetric problem of non-isothermal flow of real gas in porous media was solved for a given value of pressure at the borehole bottom, which gives the values of pressure and temperature as functions of time and radial coordinate. Conditions at the outer boundary of the reservoir correspond to water drive regime of gas production. At the second step, the calculated functions of time and coordinate were used to find the analogous function for moisture content. The results of experiment show that if reservoir temperature essentially exceeds gas – hydrate equilibrium temperature than moisture content in gas distribution is practically reflects the one of gas temperature. In the opposite case, gas will contain water vapor only near bottom hole and at the rest of reservoir it will be almost zero. In both cases, pressure manifests its role through the rate of gas production, which in turn influences convective heat transfer and gas cooling due to throttle effect

Using of qigong means to improve the physical health of schoolchildren

The notion examines the impact of technology tsigun on health primary school children living in ecologically unfavorable region - Zabaykalskiy region. In the course of pedagogical experiment, analysis of the level of physical health of Junior schoolchildren in the experimental group has revealed a statistically reliable difference that determines the effectiveness of created by us methodology.В данной статье рассматривается влияние технологии цигун на здоровье младших школьников, проживающих в экологически неблагоприятном регионе - Забайкальском крае. В ходе проведенного педагогического эксперимента, анализ уровня физического здоровья младших школьников в экспериментальной группе позволил выявить статистически достоверные различия, что обуславливает эффективность применения разработанной методики

A novel x-ray tomography for flat objects: constant photon density method

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Features of temperature dependence of contact resistivity in ohmic contacts on lapped n-Si

The temperature dependence of contact resistivity rho(c) in lapped silicon specimens with donor concentrations of 5 x 10(16), 3 x 10(17), and 8 x 10(17) cm(-3) was studied experimentally. We found that, after decreasing part of the rho(c)(T) curve in the low temperature range, an increasing part is registered with increasing temperature T. It is demonstrated that the formation of contact to a lapped Si wafer results in the generation of high dislocation density in the near-surface region of the semiconductor and also in ohmic contact behavior. In this case, current flows through the metal shunts associated with dislocations. The theory developed is in good agreement with experimental results. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4752715