Epidemiology of Cleft Lip and Palate

Orofacial cleft (OFC) anomalies are amongst the most common congenital anomalies and the most common craniofacial anomalies. Despite their poorly characterized etiologies, cases of OFC are usually grouped by epidemiological studies as cleft lip, with or without cleft palate (CL/P), and cleft palate alone (CPO). Incidence of CL/P and CPO differs according to gender and ancestry and may vary widely across studies. Cases of OFC are characterized as either “syndromic” or “nonsyndromic,” with further classification of nonsyndromic cases into isolated cases and cases that present with additional malformations. The genetic bases for many syndromic cases of OFC have been previously elucidated. Genetic associations have been described for nonsyndromic OFC as well. Importantly, etiology of OFC is known to involve interaction between genetic and environmental factors, including maternal nutrition and exposure to teratogenic agents. Furthermore, evidence points toward epigenetic as well as genetic factors influencing OFC etiology. Recent studies have begun to explore the association between CL/P and cancer. These studies report higher incidence of cancer among patients with CL/P and their family members as well as identification of common genetic markers mediating this increased risk, although much remains unknown about this link

Earthquake Induced Slope Failure Simulation by SPH

Majority of slope stability, slope displacement and soil liquefaction analyses subjected to earthquake loading condition employed the finite element method (FEM) as the standard numerical tool. However, mechanism of soil failure in such condition often involved extremely large deformation and failure behaviors, which were unable to be modeled by FEM since this method was suffered from the grid distortion. In an attempt to overcome this limitation, we present herein our first attempt to extend the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method to analyze slope failure behavior due to seismic shaking. For the sake of simplicity, effect of pore-water pressure was not taken into consideration. The numerical framework was then applied to simulate the failure behavior of a slope subjected to a seismic loading. Experimental model was also conducted to verify the numerical performance. It is shown that SPH can simulate fairly well the slope failure behavior in the model test, especially in prediction of the failure surface. The paper suggests that SPH should be considered as a powerful alternative for computation of geomaterials subjected to earthquake loading conditions

Distributed Community Detection in Dynamic Graphs

Inspired by the increasing interest in self-organizing social opportunistic networks, we investigate the problem of distributed detection of unknown communities in dynamic random graphs. As a formal framework, we consider the dynamic version of the well-studied \emph{Planted Bisection Model} \sdG(n,p,q) where the node set $[n]$ of the network is partitioned into two unknown communities and, at every time step, each possible edge $(u,v)$ is active with probability $p$ if both nodes belong to the same community, while it is active with probability $q$ (with $q<<p$) otherwise. We also consider a time-Markovian generalization of this model. We propose a distributed protocol based on the popular \emph{Label Propagation Algorithm} and prove that, when the ratio $p/q$ is larger than $n^{b}$ (for an arbitrarily small constant $b>0$), the protocol finds the right "planted" partition in $O(\log n)$ time even when the snapshots of the dynamic graph are sparse and disconnected (i.e. in the case $p=\Theta(1/n)$).Comment: Version I

Study on the mechanism of platinum-assisted hydrofluoric acid etching of SiC using density functional theory calculations

Hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching of the SiC surface assisted by Pt as a catalyst is investigated using density functional theory. Etching is initiated by the dissociative adsorption of HF on step-edge Si, forming a five-fold coordinated Si moiety as a metastable state. This is followed by breaking of the Si-C back-bond by a H-transfer process. The gross activation barrier strongly correlates with the stability of the metastable state and is reduced by the formation of Pt-O chemical bonds, leading to an enhancement of the etching reaction.P. V. Bui, A. Isohashi, H. Kizaki, Y. Sano, K. Yamauchi, Y. Morikawa, and K. Inagaki, "Study on the mechanism of platinum-assisted hydrofluoric acid etching of SiC using density functional theory calculations", Appl. Phys. Lett. 107, 201601 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4935832

Bayesian signaling game based efficient security model for MANETs

Game Theory acts as a suitable tool offering promising solutions to security-related concerns in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (i.e., MANETs). In MANETs, security forms a prominent concern as it includes nodes which are usually portable and require significant coordination between them. Further, the absence of physical organisation makes such networks susceptible to security breaches, hindering secure routing and execution among nodes. Game Theory approach has been manipulated in the current study to achieve an analytical view while addressing the security concerns in MANETs. This paper offers a Bayesian-Signaling game model capable of analysing the behaviour associated with regular as well as malicious nodes. In the proposed model, the utility of normal nodes has been increased while reducing the utility linked to malicious nodes. Moreover, the system employs a reputation system capable of stimulating best cooperation between the nodes. The regular nodes record incessantly to examine their corresponding nodes’ behaviours by using the belief system of Bayes-rules. On its comparison with existing schemes, it was revealed that the presented algorithm provides better identification of malicious nodes and attacks while delivering improved throughput and reduced false positive rate

Central Neurocytoma: A Review of Clinical Management and Histopathologic Features.

Central neurocytoma (CN) is a rare, benign brain tumor often located in the lateral ventricles. CN may cause obstructive hydrocephalus and manifest as signs of increased intracranial pressure. The goal of treatment for CN is a gross total resection (GTR), which often yields excellent prognosis with a very high rate of tumor control and survival. Adjuvant radiosurgery and radiotherapy may be considered to improve tumor control when GTR cannot be achieved. Chemotherapy is also not considered a primary treatment, but has been used as a salvage therapy. The radiological features of CN are indistinguishable from those of other brain tumors; therefore, many histological markers, such as synaptophysin, can be very useful for diagnosing CNs. Furthermore, the MIB-1 Labeling Index seems to be correlated with the prognosis of CN. We also discuss oncogenes associated with these elusive tumors. Further studies may improve our ability to accurately diagnose CNs and to design the optimal treatment regimens for patients with CNs

Land subsidence susceptibility mapping in South Korea using machine learning algorithms

© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. In this study, land subsidence susceptibility was assessed for a study area in South Korea by using four machine learning models including Bayesian Logistic Regression (BLR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Model Tree (LMT) and Alternate Decision Tree (ADTree). Eight conditioning factors were distinguished as the most important affecting factors on land subsidence of Jeong-am area, including slope angle, distance to drift, drift density, geology, distance to lineament, lineament density, land use and rock-mass rating (RMR) were applied to modelling. About 24 previously occurred land subsidence were surveyed and used as training dataset (70% of data) and validation dataset (30% of data) in the modelling process. Each studied model generated a land subsidence susceptibility map (LSSM). The maps were verified using several appropriate tools including statistical indices, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) and success rate (SR) and prediction rate (PR) curves. The results of this study indicated that the BLR model produced LSSM with higher acceptable accuracy and reliability compared to the other applied models, even though the other models also had reasonable results

On subgroups in division rings of type 22

Let $D$ be a division ring with center $F$. We say that $D$ is a {\em division ring of type $2$} if for every two elements $x, y\in D,$ the division subring $F(x, y)$ is a finite dimensional vector space over $F$. In this paper we investigate multiplicative subgroups in such a ring.Comment: 10 pages, 0 figure