"The global telecommunications infrastructure: European Community (Union) telecommunications developments"

[From the Introduction]. Information, electronics, and telecommunication technologies promise to create communications networks of greatly expanded capacity capable of moving messages across interconnected wired and wireless systems almost anywhere in the world. Such global systems will profoundly affect the economic and social life of all countries. For those countries and economic sectors with a history of significant involvement in electronics, computers, multimedia, and telecommunications, early and timely deployment of state-of-the-art infrastructure may be a matter of prime importance. Many individual countries have made or are making changes intended to accelerate movement toward an information society, in large part because they recognize that a strategic competitive edge in the world economy will likely depend increasingly upon the availability, use, and exploitation of information. A major participant in the information race is the European Union (EU), formerly the European Community. The Commission of the European Union (Commission) has launched a strong push to adopt a common strategy for the creation of a European information society driven by a European information infrastructure. This strategy is aimed at bridging individual initiatives being pursued by EU Member States. [1. Member States now in the Union include the following: Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom, Austria, Finland and Sweden joined the Union on January 1, 1995.1

Agency and Escrow

There are myriad instances in the law where courts or legislatures of various states have given precise definition to a certain legal status. Such words as trustee, guardian, and mortgagor have come to have fixed meanings and definite legal incidents attached to them. Not so fortunate, however, has been the term escrow holder, or sometimes escrowee. While courts are generally in accord as to what circumstances will create an escrow transaction, statements of the precise legal status of the escrow holder are noteworthy for their discord rather than their harmony. As yet no court has seen fit to regard the escrow holder as sui generis. Courts persist in finding the legal incidents of the escrow holder\u27s status in terms of other concepts which have already been delineated. This process ultimately leads to what has been called a jurisprudence of conceptions, a phenomenon which has been assailed as unsound. It is the purpose of this article to examine the plight of the escrow holder with particular reference to a problem which has recently been before the Washington Supreme Court no less than three times, namely: upon whom does the loss fall when an escrow holder becomes insolvent or absconds with the funds of an escrow transaction

An evaluation of the effectiveness of the Reading Recovery program compared to a traditional BSI program

Children enter first grade eager to read, but reading is a complex task. Some children require a remedial reading intervention to acquire the reading skills necessary to be successful. This study hypothesized that the direct individualized instruction supplied through the Reading Recovery program would help children attain higher levels of achievement than a traditional small group Basic Skills Program. Eight children in the bottom 20% of their first grade class were divided into two groups. Four received the strategy-driven Reading Recovery intervention, and four received the skills-oriented BSI intervention, Pre and post intervention data was collected for both groups using the Clay Diagnostic Survey. This data was compared. The results indicate that though reading achievement was increased in both groups, the Reading Recovery group demonstrated the highest level of achievement especially in the areas of comprehension and vocabulary development. Their reading levels advanced significantly over the BSI students during the four month interval. This suggests that the Reading Recovery program should be implemented for the most at risk students in first grade

Lewis K. Garrison to Mr. Meredith (4 October 1962)

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/mercorr_anti/1144/thumbnail.jp

Satellite and Oceanographic Observations of the Warm Coastal Current in the Chukchi Sea

Selected infrared images obtained by the NOAA satellites have increased our understanding of the formation and extent of the Alaskan Coastal Current, a movement of relatively warm water from the vicinity of Bering Strait northward along the Alaskan coast past Point Barrow and eventually into the Arctic Ocean where it disperses. Oceanographic measurements made from an icebreaker during the same period give spot checks on the depth of the warm layer, as well as the outline of a downward trend of the current when it is blocked by the ice. A study of satellite and oceanographic observations over a seven-year period, 1974-1980, reveals many interesting features of the flow and shows the annual variability. The northward flow and the shape of the ice edge are interrelated in that the flow is partially blocked by the ice and the ice is melted by the oncoming warm water. The solar-heated waters in Kotzebue Sound, Norton Sound, and along the coast to the south are seen as a major source of the heat in the coastal current.Key words: satellite, infrared, temperature, current, ice edge, eddies, oceanography, Chukchi Sea, Bering StraitMots clés: satellite, infra-rouge, température, courant, bord de la glace, remous, océanographie, mer Chukchi, détroit de Bérin

Study of instabilities in linear Hall current accelerators

Ion and electron conservation equations used in analysis of instability of linear Hall current accelerato