12,358 research outputs found
Magnetic phenomena at and near nu =1/2 and 1/4: theory, experiment and interpretation
I show that the hamiltonian theory of Composite Fermions (CF) is capable of
yielding a unified description in fair agreement with recent experiments on
polarization P and relaxation rate 1/T_1 in quantum Hall states at filling nu =
p/(2ps+1), at and near nu = 1/2 and 1/4, at zero and nonzero temperatures. I
show how rotational invariance and two dimensionality can make the underlying
interacting theory behave like a free one in a limited context.Comment: Latex 4 pages, 2 figure
Optical, near-IR and -ray observations of SN 2015J and its host galaxy
SN 2015J was discovered on April 27th 2015 and is classified as a type IIn
supernova. At first, it appeared to be an orphan SN candidate, i.e. without any
clear identification of its host galaxy. Here, we present the analysis of the
observations carried out {by the VLT 8-m class telescope with the FORS2 camera
in the R band and the Magellan telescope (6.5 m) equipped with the IMACS
Short-Camera (V and I filters) and the FourStar camera (Ks filter)}. We show
that SN 2015J resides in what appears to be a very compact galaxy establishing
a relation between the SN event and its natural host. We also present and
discuss archival and new -ray data centred on SN 2015J. At the time of the
supernova explosion, Swift/XRT observations were made and a weak X-ray source
was detected at the location of SN 2015J. Almost one year later, the same
source was unambiguously identified during serendipitous observations by
Swift/XRT and -Newton, clearly showing an enhancement of the 0.3-10 keV
band flux by a factor with respect to the initial state. Swift/XRT
observations show that the source is still active in the -rays at a level of
counts s. The unabsorbed X-ray luminosity derived from the
{\it XMM}-Newton slew and SWIFT observations, erg
s, places SN 2015J among the brightest young supernovae in X-rays.Comment: The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 850, Number
Post-Collision Interaction with Wannier electrons
A theory of the Post-Collision Interaction (PCI) is developed for the case
when an electron atom impact results in creation of two low-energy Wannier
electrons and an ion excited into an autoionizing state. The following
autoionization decay exposes the Wannier pair to the influence of PCI resulting
in variation of the shape of the line in the autoionization spectrum. An
explicit dependence of the autoionization profile on the wave function of the
Wannier pair is found. PCI provides an opportunity to study this wave function
for a wide area of distancesComment: 33 pages, Latex, IOP style, and 3 figures fig1.ps, fig2.ps, fig3.p
Condensation of `composite bosons' in a rotating BEC
We provide evidence for several novel phases in the dilute limit of rotating
BECs. By exact calculation of wavefunctions and energies for small numbers of
particles, we show that the states near integer angular momentum per particle
are best considered condensates of composite entities, involving vortices and
atoms. We are led to this result by explicit comparison with a description
purely in terms of vortices. Several parallels with the fractional quantum Hall
effect emerge, including the presence of the Pfaffian state.Comment: 4 pages, Latex, 3 figure
Les bases culturelles de la parenté: un changement de paradigme
French:
D’un point de vue conceptuel, les systèmes de parenté reposent sur des modes de représentation culturelle que nous appelons terminologies de parenté et à partir desquelles les limites, la forme et la structure des principes d’organisation sociale sont culturellement élaborés. Contrairement à ce que les anthropologues tiennent depuis longtemps pour acquis, une terminologie n’est pas forcément inhérente aux relations généalogiques, ces dernières découlant de la logique structurelle de la terminologie de parenté. La structure de la terminologie, représentée sous une forme algébrique, peut être produite à partir des principaux termes de parenté, suivant un principe supposé universel de structures terminologiques de la parenté. Les terminologies diffèrent, sur le plan culturel, selon les principales expressions et équations utilisées pour les élaborer. Cela implique un changement de paradigme qui nous ferait passer de la généalogie considérée comme fondement essentiel des relations de parenté à un modèle dans lequel la parenté intégrerait à la fois des termes de parenté propres à un système de représentations culturellement constitué auquel nous nous référons dans la terminologie de parenté, et une dimension généalogique élaborée de manière récursive en utilisant les relations parents/enfants. Ces deux domaines sont fondés sur un espace familial comprenant les positions de parents/enfants, conjoints, germains.
English:
Kinship systems are conceptually grounded in culturally formulated idea-systems we refer to as kinship terminologies and through which the boundaries, form and structure of human social systems are culturally constituted. A terminology, contrary to a long-standing assumption in anthropology, is not based on a prior categorization of genealogical relations, as the latter is derived from the structural logic of the kinship terminology. The terminology structure, formally represented as an algebraic structure, can be generated from primary kin terms in accordance with a hypothesized universal theory of kinship terminology structures. Terminologies differ culturally according to the primary terms and equations used for generating them. This requires a paradigm shift from the received view of genealogy as the primary basis for kin relations to a new paradigm in which kinship incorporates both a kin term space expressed through a culturally constituted idea-system we refer to as a kinship terminology and a genealogical space constructed recursively using parent-child relations. Both of these spaces are grounded in a family space composed of parent-child, spouse and sibling positions
Relevance of Undetectably Rare Resistant Malaria Parasites in Treatment Failure: Experimental Evidence from Plasmodium chabaudi
Resistant malaria parasites are frequently found in mixed
infections with drug-sensitive parasites. Particularly early in
the evolutionary process, the frequency of these resistant
mutants is extremely low and below the level of molecular
detection. We tested whether the rarity of resistance in
infections impacted the health outcomes of treatment failure and
the potential for onward transmission of resistance. Mixed
infections of different ratios of resistant and susceptible
Plasmodium chabaudi parasites were inoculated in laboratory mice
and dynamics tracked during the course of infection using highly
sensitive genotype-specific quantitative polymerase chain
reaction (qPCR). Frequencies of resistant parasites ranged from
10% to 0.003% at the onset of treatment. We found that the rarer
the resistant parasites were, the lower the likelihood of their
onward transmission, but the worse the treatment failure was in
terms of parasite numbers and disease severity. Strikingly, drug
resistant parasites had the biggest impact on health outcomes
when they were too rare to be detected by any molecular methods
currently available for field samples. Indeed, in the field,
these treatment failures would not even have been attributed to
resistance
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The PHENIX Experiment
The PHENIX experiment at RHIC is currently under construction with data collection planned to start in 1999. The heavy ion and spin physics goals of PHENIX are described. We discuss the experiment's capabilities to address these physics goals. Highlights of the present status of construction and installation are presented
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Enantioselective PCCP Brønsted acid-catalyzed aza-Piancatelli rearrangement.
An enantioselective aza-Piancatelli rearrangement has been developed using a chiral Brønsted acid based on pentacarboxycyclopentadiene (PCCP). This reaction provides rapid access to valuable chiral 4-amino-2-cyclopentenone building blocks from readily available starting material and is operationally simple
The X-ray Luminosity Function of "The Antennae" Galaxies (NGC4038/39) and the Nature of Ultra-Luminous X-ray Sources
We derive the X-ray luminosity function (XLF) of the X-ray source population
detected in the Chandra observation of NGC4038/39 (the Antennae).
We explicitly include photon counting and spectral parameter uncertainties in
our calculations. The cumulative XLF is well represented by a flat power law
(), similar to those describing the XLFs of other star-forming
systems (e.g. M82, the disk of M81), but different from those of early type
galaxies. This result associates the X-ray source population in the Antennae
with young High Mass X-ray Binaries. In comparison with less actively
star-forming galaxies, the XLF of the Antennae has a highly significant excess
of sources with luminosities above 10^{39} erg\s (Ultra Luminous Sources;
ULXs). We discuss the nature of these sources, based on the XLF and on their
general spectral properties, as well as their optical counterparts discussed in
Paper III. We conclude that the majority of the ULXs cannot be intermediate
mass black-holes (M > 10-1000 \msun) binaries, unless they are linked to the
remnants of massive Population III stars (the Madau & Rees model). Instead,
their spatial and multiwavelength properties can be well explained by beamed
emission as a consequence of supercritical accretion.
Binaries with a neutron star or moderate mass black-hole (up to 20\msun), and
B2 to A type star companions would be consistent with our data. In the beaming
scenario, the XLF should exibit caracteristic breaks that will be visible in
future deeper observations of the Antennae.Comment: 15 pages, submitted to Ap
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