7,023 research outputs found
Just war and military morale: a brief reflection on the correlation between the legality of war and the moral repercussions for members of US and UK forces arising from the questionable legality of the campaign Iraqi Freedom of March 2003
Does it matter to a member of the military whether the military
campaign in which he is taking part is lawful or not? Despite the observation that
the crime of aggression (post Kampala 2010) constitutes a ‘leadership crime par
excellence,’ which limits any (future) criminal responsibility accordingly, the
legality or illegality of any military action under international law can create moral
implications for the common foot soldier and mid-level officer and also have a
tangible impact on the national legal frameworks under which these forces operate.
This short article uses the example of Operation Iraqi Freedom (2003) to discuss the repercussions of a—most likely—illegal military campaign for individual members
of democratic armed forces before the background of the present discussion of NATO led action in Libya
NESTMOD: The NetMod-NEST Interface
NESTMOD is a combined analytical modeling and simulation tool, based on the existing tools NetMod and NEST. It provides both transient and steady-state response statistics from models of interconnected local area networks that can execute at any level of detail desired. This gives users the potential to model both networks of extremely large scope (hundreds of thousands of nodes), and to look at great detail for any combination of the ISO layers. This paper describes the interface implementation, and presents an example to illustrate the potential power of the tool.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/107970/1/citi-tr-91-7.pd
Genetic analysis of aMicroseris douglasii (Asteraceae) population polymorphic for an alien chloroplast type
Conformational Mechanics of Polymer Adsorption Transitions at Attractive Substrates
Conformational phases of a semiflexible off-lattice homopolymer model near an
attractive substrate are investigated by means of multicanonical computer
simulations. In our polymer-substrate model, nonbonded pairs of monomers as
well as monomers and the substrate interact via attractive van der Waals
forces. To characterize conformational phases of this hybrid system, we analyze
thermal fluctuations of energetic and structural quantities, as well as
adequate docking parameters. Introducing a solvent parameter related to the
strength of the surface attraction, we construct and discuss the
solubility-temperature phase diagram. Apart from the main phases of adsorbed
and desorbed conformations, we identify several other phase transitions such as
the freezing transition between energy-dominated crystalline low-temperature
structures and globular entropy-dominated conformations.Comment: 13 pages, 15 figure
Electronic in-plane symmetry breaking at field-tuned quantum criticality in CeRhIn5
Electronic nematics are exotic states of matter where electronic interactions
break a rotational symmetry of the underlying lattice, in analogy to the
directional alignment without translational order in nematic liquid crystals.
Intriguingly such phases appear in the copper- and iron-based superconductors,
and their role in establishing high-temperature superconductivity remains an
open question. Nematicity may take an active part, cooperating or competing
with superconductivity, or may appear accidentally in such systems. Here we
present experimental evidence for a phase of nematic character in the heavy
fermion superconductor CeRhIn5. We observe a field-induced breaking of the
electronic tetragonal symmetry of in the vicinity of an antiferromagnetic (AFM)
quantum phase transition at Hc~50T. This phase appears in out-of-plane fields
of H*~28T and is characterized by substantial in-plane resistivity anisotropy.
The anisotropy can be aligned by a small in-plane field component, with no
apparent connection to the underlying crystal structure. Furthermore no
anomalies are observed in the magnetic torque, suggesting the absence of
metamagnetic transitions in this field range. These observations are indicative
of an electronic nematic character of the high field state in CeRhIn5. The
appearance of nematic behavior in a phenotypical heavy fermion superconductor
highlights the interrelation of nematicity and unconventional
superconductivity, suggesting nematicity to be a commonality in such materials
Quantum limit transport and destruction of the Weyl nodes in TaAs
Weyl fermions are a new ingredient for correlated states of electronic
matter. A key difficulty has been that real materials also contain non-Weyl
quasiparticles, and disentangling the experimental signatures has proven
challenging. We use magnetic fields up to 95 tesla to drive the Weyl semimetal
TaAs far into its quantum limit (QL), where only the purely chiral 0th Landau
levels (LLs) of the Weyl fermions are occupied. We find the electrical
resistivity to be nearly independent of magnetic field up to 50 tesla: unusual
for conventional metals but consistent with the chiral anomaly for Weyl
fermions. Above 50 tesla we observe a two-order-of-magnitude increase in
resistivity, indicating that a gap opens in the chiral LLs. Above 80 tesla we
observe strong ultrasonic attenuation below 2 kelvin, suggesting a
mesoscopically-textured state of matter. These results point the way to
inducing new correlated states of matter in the QL of Weyl semimetals
Co-axial dual-core resonant leaky fibre for optical amplifiers
We present a co-axial dual-core resonant leaky optical fibre design, in which
the outer core is made highly leaky. A suitable choice of parameters can enable
us to resonantly couple power from the inner core to the outer core. In a
large-core fibre, such a resonant coupling can considerably increase the
differential leakage loss between the fundamental and the higher order modes
and can result in effective single-mode operation. In a small-core single-mode
fibre, such a coupling can lead to sharp increase in the wavelength dependent
leakage loss near the resonant wavelength and can be utilized for the
suppression of amplified spontaneous emission and thereby gain equalization of
an optical amplifier. We study the propagation characteristics of the fibre
using the transfer matrix method and present an example of each, the
large-mode-area design for high power amplifiers and the wavelength tunable
leakage loss design for inherent gain equalization of optical amplifiers.Comment: 6 page
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