A Study On Correlation Between Fertility And Contraceptive Prevalence In Rural Community

Objectives: (1)    To find the contraceptive prevalence in different reproductive age group females. (2)    What is the correlation between fertility pattern and contraceptive prevalence. Study Design : Cross sectional descriptive study. Setting : Community Development block Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow district. Study universe : Married females in reproductive age group (15-49 Years). Study variables : Age, fertility, contraceptive prevalence, education and social class. Statistical analysis : Chi Square test. Result : Contraceptive prevalence was 29.7%. It was 6.5% for women aged 15-19 year to 45.2% for women aged 35­39 years. The acceptors were analyzed based on the number of living children. 74% of the acceptors had 3 or more children as against 26% with 0 to 2 living children

Hydatid disease of proximal femur: a case report

Hydatid disease is the most common infection in Central Asia, Middle East, East Africa caused by Echinococcus which is a cestode. However infection to bone alone is very rare. We report a case of Hydatid cyst in bone parse. A 55 years old lady came with a complaint of pain over right hip since 1 year.  Radiologically found to be having osteolytic lesion over proximal femur for which surgery was done and biopsy report showed hydatid cyst. The case is reported for its rarity

PACLITAXEL DISPOSITION STUDIES USING P-GP INHIBTOR & INDUCER BY SINGLE PASS INTESTINAL PERFUSION IN RATS

Objective: The present research work aims to study the intestinal transport of Paclitaxel and to predict its human intestinal permeability and fraction absorbed using SPIP Permeability Coefficient and the effect of P-gp modulators on Paclitaxel were observed in anaesthetized rats. Methods: Jejunal segment was used for performing Single Pass Intestinal Perfusion. The rationale for the selection of jejenum is due to the overexpression of P-glycoprotein when compared with other segments. Drug solution (150µg/ml) in phosphate buffer saline was perfused at a flow rate of 0.2ml/min.Besides,P-gp inhibitor verapamil(200 µg/ml) and inducer Rifampicin (60mg/ml) were coperfused with Paclitaxel to detect its disposition characteristics affected by P-gp .Drug concentrations in samples were analyzed using HPLC. Stability studies were conducted to ensure the loss of Paclitaxel due to absorption. Results: The effective permeability value of Paclitaxel (150µg/ml) in the jejunal segment was found to be lower due to the efflux mediated by P-gp.When coperfused with verapamil its permeability significantly enhanced as it is a P-gp inhibitor and vice versa with Rifampicin which is a P-gp inducer. Subsequently the human intestinal permeability was estimated considering Peff(human) =1.04 Peff(rat)-0.0003. Conclusion: P-Glycoprotein mediated drug resistance is one of the serious limitations of Paclitaxel efficacy and jejunal segment is found to have major MDR expression. The Peff value of Paclitaxel was found to be increased upon the Coperfusion with verapamil and similarly reduced with Rifampicin which are inhibitors & inducers respectively indicating Paclitaxel is efficiently transported by P-gp. Hence, Paclitaxel satisfies all the prerequisites to be a P-gp substrate.   Keywords: Paclitaxel, Intestinal permeability, Single pass intestinal perfusion, P-glycoprotein, RP-HPLC

Climate change effects on Chickpea yield and its variability in Andhra Pradesh, India

Farmers usually do not know the precise output that is affected by climatic factors such as temperature and rainfall and are characterized by inter-annual variability, part of which is caused by global climate change. No study covers the influences of climate factors on yield and yield risk in the context of chickpea farming in Andhra Pradesh, India. In this context, this study aimed to investigate the trends in climate change variables during Rabi season (October to January, 1996-2020) and evaluated their variability on chickpea yields across different agro-climatic zones in Andhra Pradesh by employing Just and Pope production function. Four non-parametric methods-Alexandersson’s Standard Normal Homogeneity Test, Buishand’s Range Test, Pettitt’s Test and Von Neumann’s Ratio Test are applied to detect homogeneity in the data. Mann–Kendall (MK) test and Sen’s slope (SS) method were employed to analyze monthly rainfall trends and minimum and maximum temperature trends. Results of Just and Pope (panel data) quadratic and Cobb-Douglas methods revealed that monthly minimum temperature positively influenced the mean yield of chickpea (0.22% and 0.16%, respectively). However, rainfall (-0.41% and -0.31%) and maximum temperature (-0.08% and -0.04%) negatively influenced the mean yield of chickpea under quadratic and Cobb-Douglas models, respectively. Accordingly, rainfall (0.08% and 0.06%) and maximum temperature (0.83% and 0.72%) positively influenced the yield variability and minimum temperature (-0.77% and -0.67%) reduced yield variability of chickpea under quadratic and Cobb-Douglas models respectively. In view of these findings, it is imperative to advocate the farmers about the importance of cultivating drought-tolerant chickpea varieties, drought-proofing and mitigation strategies, micro-irrigation practices and improving their access to agro-meteorological information towards sustainable chickpea cultivation in Andhra Pradesh

A power-efficient thermocycler based on induction heating for DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction

We have built a thermocycler based on the principles of induction heating for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of target sequences in DNA samples of interest. The cycler has an average heating rate of ~0.8°C/s and a cooling rate of ~0.5°C/s, and typically takes ~4 h to complete a 40-cycle PCR protocol. It is power-efficient (~6 W per reaction tube), micro-processor controlled, and can be adapted for battery operation. Using this instrument, we have successfully amplified a 350 bp segment from a plasmid and SRY, the human sex determining gene, which occurs as a single-copy sequence in genomic DNA of human males. The PCR products from this thermocycler are comparable to those obtained by the use of commercially available machines. Its easy front-end operation, low-power design, portability and low cost makes it suitable for diagnostic field applications of PCR

Classification of drugs reviews using W-LRSVM model

Opinion mining provided less opportunity to discuss their experiences about drugs so reviewing about it was difficult. Recent findings show that online reviews and blogs on drugs are important for patients, marketers and industries. Collecting the information for drugs from the website and analyzing is a challenge. A model is designed by proposing an algorithm which crawls information from the web to analyze reviews of drugs. Reviews were crawled for five different drugs using the algorithm. The W-Bayesian Logistic Regression and Support Vector Machine (W-LRSVM) model was trained for different split ratios to obtain the accuracy of 97.46%. Experimental results on reviews of five different drugs showed that the proposed model gave better results compared to other classifier