Controllability and Observability of Kronecker Product Sylvester System on Time Scales

The main objective in this paper is to present the necessary and sufficient conditions for complete controllability, complete observability associated with kronecker product Sylvester system on time scales.2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 93B05,93B07,49K15

Seroprevalence of syphilis in human immunodeficiency virus patients

Background: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by, Treponema pallidum. Syphilis facilitates the transmission and acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and causes transient increase in the viral load. Sexually transmitted infections (STI) are 3-5 times more likely to acquire HIV infection, if exposed to the virus through sexual contact. Aim of the study was to estimate the seroprevalence of Syphilis in HIV patients.Methods: A total of 920 blood samples were collected from HIV patients attending ART (Antiretroviral therapy) centre and were tested for Syphilis by using Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) and Treponema pallidum Hemagglutination Assay (TPHA). A total of 100 HIV non-reactive individuals were taken as a control group.Results: Out of 920 samples, 102 (11.1%) were positive for Syphilis. Out of 102 Syphilis seropositive patients, males (76.5%) were more commonly affected in age group of 21-40 years. Both RPR and TPHA were reactive in 46% of cases and only TPHA reactive in 53.9% of cases. Out of 100 HIV non-reactive patients, 5% of patients are reactive for Syphilis.Conclusions: In the present study, prevalence of Syphilis was more in HIV patients compared to HIV non-reactive persons. Persons with HIV infection acquired through sexual route should be screened for Syphilis by one nonspecific test along with specific test to confirm the diagnosis. This will help in proper management of the patients having Syphilis and HIV co-infection

Marine Fish Calendar. 8. Veraval

The coastline of Gujarat, spread around 1,660 km is well known for its bombay duck and pomfret fisheries. Veraval located in the Saurashtra region forms one of the major fish landing centres. The average annual landing is around 50,000 t, forming about 20% of the catch of the Gujarat State. The peak landing period is from October to January by the trawlers. In Veraval it is observed that due to poor handling and storage facilities about 40% of the catch goes as trash fish and is used for manure and fish meal purpose

Pelagic fishery resources of Lawson’s bay, Waltair

At Lawson's B;y, the gears employed are shoreseines, boatseines, hooks and lines, surface g!llnets and bottom-set nylon nets. During the period 1970 to 1974, the estimated total annual landings by all gears were 654. 8, 62?.0', 577.<)8, 542.4 and 637.3 tonnes, respectively. The ca'iches by hooks and lines alone accounted for 50-60% of the tot.l landings during the period. Seasonal abundance of fish showed correlations with hydrological and planktological conditions and the food avalable in environment. Far pelagic fi&hes, high catch rates were obtained during Novem'ber to May and to a lesser extent during July-September. Prawns were caught in greater proportions by gillnets than by boat seines, the former being employed during May-September period. The adverse effects arising out of the introduction of bottom-set gillnets in the fishery are discussed

Chitin Binding Proteins Act Synergistically with Chitinases in Serratia proteamaculans 568

Genome sequence of Serratia proteamaculans 568 revealed the presence of three family 33 chitin binding proteins (CBPs). The three Sp CBPs (Sp CBP21, Sp CBP28 and Sp CBP50) were heterologously expressed and purified. Sp CBP21 and Sp CBP50 showed binding preference to β-chitin, while Sp CBP28 did not bind to chitin and cellulose substrates. Both Sp CBP21 and Sp CBP50 were synergistic with four chitinases from S. proteamaculans 568 (Sp ChiA, Sp ChiB, Sp ChiC and Sp ChiD) in degradation of α- and β-chitin, especially in the presence of external electron donor (reduced glutathione). Sp ChiD benefited most from Sp CBP21 or Sp CBP50 on α-chitin, while Sp ChiB and Sp ChiD had major advantage with these Sp CBPs on β-chitin. Dose responsive studies indicated that both the Sp CBPs exhibit synergism ≥0.2 µM. The addition of both Sp CBP21 and Sp CBP50 in different ratios to a synergistic mixture did not significantly increase the activity. Highly conserved polar residues, important in binding and activity of CBP21 from S. marcescens (Sm CBP21), were present in Sp CBP21 and Sp CBP50, while Sp CBP28 had only one such polar residue. The inability of Sp CBP28 to bind to the test substrates could be attributed to the absence of important polar residues

Chemical Additives for Corrosion Control in Desalination Plants

The addition of chemical additives has been considered as a standard operation in water treatment systems. This chapter discusses the chemical additives used for the control of corrosion in desalination systems. Specifically, corrosion inhibitors for various metallurgies, biocides, and oxygen scavengers are covered. The pros and cons of the additive chemicals have been highlighted. The need to utilize green corrosion inhibitors based on plants and ionic liquids materials have been emphasized. This class of materials are environmentally friendly, cheap, and readily available

Ternary inhibitor system containing phosphonate, molybdate and Zn²⁺ in corrosion control of carbon steel

275-282With the objective of developing a new environmental friendly inhibitor formulation for corrosion of carbon steel in nearly neutral aqueous environments, phosphonic acid viz., N-(2-hydroxyethyl) imino-bis(methylphosphonic acid) [HEIBMPA] was chosen as the inhibitor. Zn2+ was chosen as the first synergist. A maximum inhibition efficiency of 99.3% was obtained with the binary system containing 70 ppm HEIBMPA and 80 ppm Zn2+. Molybdate ion, which is inorganic in nature but environmental friendly, was used as the second synergist. The binary inhibitor formulation containing relatively low concentrations, viz., 30 ppm HEIBMPA and 40 ppm Zn2+ offered an inhibition efficiency of only 23%. To the above combination, when 200 ppm molybdate was added, the inhibition efficiency was found to increase to 95%. The potentiostatic polarization studies revealed that this ternary inhibitor system controlled the anodic reaction predominantly. A large increase in the polarisation resistance (Rp) value indicated the formation of a non-porous protective film on the metal surface. The reflection absorption FT-IR spectrum and X-ray photoelectron spectra of the film suggested that the film consisted of [Fe(III)-HEIBMPA-molybdate] complex, [Fe(III), Zn(II)-HEIBMPA-molybdate]complex, oxides and hydroxides of iron and Zn(OH)2. A plausible mechanism of inhibition of corrosion is proposed, which explains all the above experimental results