A Neuro Fuzzy Algorithm to Compute Software Effort Estimation

Software Effort Estimation is highly important and considered to be a primary activity in software project management The accurate estimates are conducted in the development of business case in the earlier stages of project management This accurate prediction helps the investors and customers to identify the total investment and schedule of the project The project developers define process to estimate the effort more accurately with the available mythologies using the attributes of the project The algorithmic estimation models are very simple and reliable but not so accurate The categorical datasets cannot be estimated using the existing techniques Also the attributes of effort estimation are measured in linguistic values which may leads to confusion This paper looks in to the accuracy and reliability of a non-algorithmic approach based on adaptive neuro fuzzy logic in the problem of effort estimation The performance of the proposed method demonstrates that there is a accurate substantiation of the outcomes with the dataset collected from various projects The results were compared for its accuracy using MRE and MMRE as the metrics The research idea in the proposed model for effort estimation is based on project domain and attribute which incorporates the model with more competence in augmenting the crux of neural network to exhibit the advances in software estimatio

Kinetics of addition of thiophenol to <i>para-</i>substituted β-nitrostyrenes and β-methyl-β-nitrostyrenes

1943-1949The kinetic studies of the nucleophilic addition of thiophenol (PhSH) to para-substituted derivatives of β-nitrostyrene (βNS) and β-methyl-β-nitrostyrene (βMβNS) have been investigated spectrophotometrically in 50%(v/v) acetonitrile-water at four different temperatures. The reaction follows first order with respect to each substrate and fractional order with respect to thiophenol in both the cases. On the basis of kinetic results, a stepwise mechanism involving the formation of zwitterionic addition complex in an equilibrium step followed by its conversion into product via proton transfer catalytic route by the thiophenol has been proposed for β-nitrostyrene and non-catalytic proton transfer has been proposed for β-methyl-β-nitrostyrene. Based on the rate law derived, a plot of [PhSH]/kobs against 1/[PhSH] is linear for β-nitrostyrene and a plot of 1/kobs against 1/[PhSH] is linear for β-methyl-β-nitrostyrene. The effect of solvent composition on the reaction rate indicates that the increase in the polarity of the medium increases the reaction rate in both reaction series. The study of the effect of substituents in the two reaction series shows that the electron-withdrawing substituents accelerate the reaction rate and the electron-releasing substituents retard it. Good Hammett correlations have been observed for both the series

Nanocomposite Ti–Si–N Coatings Deposited by Reactive dc Magnetron Sputtering for Biomedical Applications

Nanocomposite Ti–Si–N coatings were prepared by reactive dc magnetron sputtering in a mixture of Ar and N2 gases onto bio implantable 316L stainless steel substrates. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the Ti–Si–N nanocomposite coatings are mainly composed of amorphous Si3N4 and TiN crystals. The presence of different phases like TiN, TiO2, and Si3N4 was confirmed from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Raman spectra of the as-deposited composite coatings exhibited characteristic peaks at 207.5, 305.8, 442.5, and 571.8 cm �1. HRTEM indicated columnar microstructure. A higher hardness value of 35 GPa for the nanocomposite coatings was observed. The potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements showed that the Ti–Si–N nanocomposite coatings exhibited superior corrosion resistance compared with the Si3N4, TiN single layer, and the bare substrate in simulated body fluid solutio

Titanium oxynitride coated graphite paper electrodes for light-weight supercapacitors

The rapid development of smart electronics devices has stimulated intensive research on flexible supercapacitors with high mechanical tolerance and energy density. Up to date, most of the asymmetric devices are fabricated using carbon-based materials as negative electrode materials. However, the lower capacitance of carbon-based materials limited its applicability widely. Also, the device unavoidably carries unnecessary mass and volume, leads to poor contact and performance to repeated bending of devices, and occupies more space in the electronics devices. Herein, we prepared flexible, light-weight, and thin graphite paper current collectors to fabricate flexible supercapacitors. Further, the titanium oxynitride (TiOxNy) coatings were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering over a flexible and light-weight graphite substrate as a potential negative electrode. The presence of nitrogen content in transition metal oxynitrides adds wettability to the material; hence more electrolyte ions get adsorps onto the surface of the electrode owing to their hydrophilic nature. The resultant TiOxNy/graphite electrode exhibited a high areal capacitance of 62 mF cm−2 and also showed 100% capacitance retention even after 1500 GCD cycles. The results of a series of tests indicated that the flexible electrode has better capacitive performance, suggesting that as-prepared film is a favorable candidate for light-weight and flexible supercapacitors.publishe

Knowledge attitude and practice towards prevention and early detection of chronic kidney disease among high risk patients

Background: It is well recognized that chronic kidney disease (CKD), if left, untreated would &nbsp;slowly progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD)., A targeted approach is to enhance the knowledge of CKD among the public, especially in high risk population, and encourage them to practice a healthy attitude and practice that may help in early detection and thereby better management of CKD. Such a study &nbsp;to assess the baseline data has not been done in India. Aims and Objectives: To inculcate the knowledge attitude and practice towards prevention and early detection of CKD among high risk patients attending a tertiary care centre. This Observational study was carried out on all patients with diabetes and/or hypertension attending General medicine out-patient or in-patient&nbsp; in a given period of time. Patients more than 18 years of age with diabetes and/or hypertension were included while patients with chronic kidney disease were excluded. Methodology: A standard questionnaire obtained from an author of similar study is given to patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Is this National Kidney Foundation's Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (KDOQI)? If so mention it.&nbsp