Effect of plasma inhomogeneity on plasma wakefield acceleration driven by long bunches

Effects of plasma inhomogeneity on self-modulating proton bunches and accelerated electrons were studied numerically. The main effect is the change of the wakefield wavelength which results in phase shifts and loss of accelerated particles. This effect imposes severe constraints on density uniformity in plasma wakefield accelerators driven by long particle bunches. The transverse two stream instability that transforms the long bunch into a train of micro-bunches is less sensitive to density inhomogeneity than are the accelerated particles. The bunch freely passes through increased density regions and interacts with reduced density regions.Comment: 7 pages, 10 figure

Ethics, occupational therapy and discharge planning: four broken principles

Occupational therapists play a significant role in the discharge process and are often exposed to ethically challenging decision-making. This paper examines the moral basis of discharge planning, relating it to the four fundamental bio-ethical principles of respect for autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice. Using a case study design, data was collected from 10 occupational therapists and two elder care patients using the critical incident approach, as part of a wider study to determine their perceptions of discharge planning and multidisciplinary teamwork. Direct observation of interaction within multidisciplinary teams was also undertaken. The findings from the research suggest that occupational therapists are unintentionally breaching these four principles and therefore their code of ethics and professional conduct. It is suggested that further research is needed to determine how occupational therapists overcome these challenges. Furthermore, this research has important implications for education establishments regarding the teaching of ethics to occupational therapists

Do all health and social care professionals interact equally: A study of interactions in multidisciplinary teams in the United Kingdom.

Problems around deficits in interprofessional collaboration have been identified since the National Health Service (NHS) was introduced. It is within the context of the current policy focus on improving collaborative working that this study was undertaken. A direct observational study using the Bales’ Interaction Process Analysis tool was carried out in two older persons teams to explore patterns of interaction in the multidisciplinary team meetings. Analysis revealed some key differences in the way in which different professions interacted. Occupational therapists, physiotherapists, social workers (SW) and nurses rarely asked for opinions and for orientation. The consultant (the individual in charge of the medical team) tended to have high rates for asking for orientation, giving opinions and giving orientation. Although some nurses did have high individual rates for the giving of orientation. The data from the research has highlighted that therapists, SWs and nurses are reluctance to voice their opinions in multidisciplinary teams and thus conformity may dominate its culture. It is suggested that therapists, SWs and nurses need to cite their opinions in teams more effectively if they are to be competent and committed patient-centred practitioners

Spectral Variations in Early-Type Galaxies as a Function of Mass

We report on the strengths of three spectral indicators - Mg_2, Hbeta, and Hn/Fe - in the integrated light of a sample of 100 field and cluster E/S0 galaxies. The measured indices are sensitive to age and/or and metallicity variations within the galaxy sample. Using linear regression analysis for data with non-uniform errors, we determine the intrinsic scatter present among the spectral indices of our galaxy sample as a function of internal velocity dispersion. Our analysis indicates that there is significantly more intrinsic scatter in the two Balmer line indices than in the Mg_2 index, indicating that the Balmer indices provide more dynamic range in determining the age of a stellar population than does the Mg_2 index. Furthermore, the scatter is much larger for the low velocity dispersion galaxies, indicating that star formation has occurred more recently in the lower mass galaxies.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, 1 table, to appear in the Astrophysical Journal Letter

Plasma Wakefield Acceleration with a Modulated Proton Bunch

The plasma wakefield amplitudes which could be achieved via the modulation of a long proton bunch are investigated. We find that in the limit of long bunches compared to the plasma wavelength, the strength of the accelerating fields is directly proportional to the number of particles in the drive bunch and inversely proportional to the square of the transverse bunch size. The scaling laws were tested and verified in detailed simulations using parameters of existing proton accelerators, and large electric fields were achieved, reaching 1 GV/m for LHC bunches. Energy gains for test electrons beyond 6 TeV were found in this case.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure

Multidisciplinary perspectives on the role of nurses and health care assistants in the rehabilitation of older adults.

Aim. This paper describes the perceptions of nurses, healthcare assistants, doctors and therapists of rehabilitation and the role of nurses and healthcare assistants on an acute older adults ward in a London teaching hospital. Background. The role perception, education and training and attitudes towards the older adults have been identified as barriers that have an impact upon the nurses’ role within rehabilitation. However, little is known about the role of nurses and healthcare assistants in rehabilitation of older adults in acute health care. Design. Action research study. Method. Twenty-four semi-structured interviews were conducted and audio recorded about healthcare professionals’ understanding of rehabilitation, the type of skills needed and their perceptions of the role of nurses and healthcare assistants in rehabilitation. The interview transcripts were analysed using the thematic content analysis. Results. The findings suggest that the therapists relied on nurses and healthcare assistants for therapy carry-over. Healthcare assistants were perceived as the professional group who could deliver therapy carry-over. There was an evidence of role hierarchy as healthcare assistants perceived that they were not actively involved in decision-making or discharge planning. Conclusion. This paper suggests that healthcare assistants and nurses are viewed as the professional group best placed to deliver therapy carry-over. However, whilst there is an acknowledgement of their role, there remains a reluctance to acknowledge healthcare assistants as a professional group and to involve them within decision-making and discharge planning Relevance to clinical practice. Employers must be seen to advocate, support and implement education and training programs for healthcare assistants. However, whilst nurses and healthcare assistants have an integral role in rehabilitation, there needs to be more research into the how they are supported by therapy professionals

The luminosity function of Palomar 5 and its tidal tails

We present the main sequence luminosity function of the tidally disrupted globular cluster Palomar 5 and its tidal tails. For this work we analyzed imaging data obtained with the Wide Field Camera at the INT (La Palma) and data from the Wide Field Imager at the MPG/ESO 2.2 m telescope at La Silla down to a limiting magnitude of approximately 24.5 mag in B. Our results indicate that preferentially fainter stars were removed from the cluster so that the LF of the cluster's main body exhibits a significant degree of flattening compared to other GCs. This is attributed to its advanced dynamical evolution. The LF of the tails is, in turn, enhanced with faint, low-mass stars, which we interpret as a consequence of mass segregation in the cluster.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, to be published in the proceedings of the conference "Satellites and tidal streams" held at La Palma, Canary Islands, May 26 - 30, 200

Identification of photons in double beta-decay experiments using segmented germanium detectors - studies with a GERDA Phase II prototype detector

The sensitivity of experiments searching for neutrinoless double beta-decay of germanium was so far limited by the background induced by external gamma-radiation. Segmented germanium detectors can be used to identify photons and thus reduce this background component. The GERmanium Detector Array, GERDA, will use highly segmented germanium detectors in its second phase. The identification of photonic events is investigated using a prototype detector. The results are compared with Monte Carlo data.Comment: 20 pages, 7 figures, to be submitted to NIM-

Home accidents amongst elderly people: A locality study in Scotland

Aim The aim of this locality study was to collect information on reported and unreported accidents amongst elderly people living in one locality in Scotland. Method Postal Survey- A postal questionnaire was sent to 3,757 men and women aged 65+ years living in one locality. The questionnaire asked respondents to indicate how many accidents they had experienced in the past twelve months, plus to indicate type and location. Information was gathered on living arrangements, ethnicity, gender, age and deprivation. Respondents were asked if they would be willing to take part in an interview study. Interview Study - One hundred elders who had had at least one accident in the previous twelve months were interviewed. Results Postal Survey - Over a third of the respondents in the postal survey reported having had an accident in the previous twelve months. Bumps and drops and falls were the most common type of accident. Most accidents happened in the kitchen. Women reported more falls than men and those living alone reported more accidents than those living with others. Age was associated with the prevalence of accidents, but the association was somewhat curvilinear, with accidents decreasing with age and then increasing again. Interview Study – Interviewees found it hard to differentiate one accident from another. Considerable reluctance to visit the GP after an accident was noted, with many not attending even for serious accidents. Almost forty percent were ‘very’ distressed after their accident, and a quarter reported a loss of confidence. However, most did not worry about accidents. Few thought that their age, health or medications were a cause of their accidents

Telegram, Wesley A. Caldwell, Chairman of the Board of Mississippi Steel Corporation, to Mississippi State University President Dean W. Colvard, March 5, 1963

Wesley A. Caldwell, Chairman of the Board of Mississippi Steel Corporation, writes to MSU President Dean W. Colvard, to express his opposition to MSU playing Loyola Chicago, a team with Black players, in the NCAA tournament. Caldwell says that Mississippi Steel Corp. would be discontinuing their contributions to the MSU foundation. There is a handwritten note at the bottom of the telegram from Class of 1951 graduate H.K. Davis, a Mississippi Steel Corp. stockholder, who explains that he is in support of Caldwell\u27s actions.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/ua-msu-loyola-1963/1029/thumbnail.jp