Business Models for Electronic Commerce - Analysis of Grocery Retailing Industry

Electronic commerce can dramatically alter the current delivery and sales channels, as well as value chains in many industries. Accordingly, consumers will change or supplement their channel preferences with increasing amount of electronic services available. This study focuses on the different types of business models used in the grocery retailing industry, to serve consumers. The empirical part of he analysis is based on a longitudinal analysis of existing EGS’ in 1998 and 1999 in Europe, North America and Pacific Asia. The analysis shows that the majority of the electronic grocery shops are extensions of existing physical stores. There are, however, some signs of interesting new business strategies. These strategies are compared to the theoretical alternatives proposed by the model of Customer Channels and conclusions are drawn regarding the development of electronic commerce in grocery industry

Development of a test device for the evaluation of journal bearings

Journal and thrust bearings are widely used in heavy industry. Today, there is a growing need for studying different kinds of new bearing material and coating solutions in operating conditions where full film lubrication cannot be achieved or sustained. A test device for the evaluation of journal bearings was developed. The device consists of a rotating shaft and four stationary test bearings. This scheme eliminates the need for support bearings, allowing an accurate measurement of friction. The initial tests were carried out with a variety of loads and sliding speeds in mixed and full film regimes. The friction results in the form of a Stribeck curve were obtained and found to be in line with general trends. The results also indicate that the bearing lift-off speed occurs when the value of the non-dimensional ηen / ppro - parameter is in the range of 0.5·10-8 - 1.0·10-8

Supporting Craft Sense in Early Education

The research task was to describe and construct theoretical background for Craft Sense in early education. Craft Sense represents a learner&rsquo;s skill for obtaining Sloyd (Craft, Design &amp; Technology) related knowledge, skills and understanding. The development of Craft Sense is based on producing artefacts and evaluating the production process. In this research, the concept of Craft Sense is based on the integration of Sloyd and meta-cognitive regulation of learning activities. Based on theoretical information, an empirical research question was formulated: &ldquo;What kind of Craft Sense do children have in early education Sloyd?&rdquo; The method of study was assessing picture supported learning on a Sloyd course for young children. The data was analyzed by qualitative content analysis and Child Behaviour Rating Scale (CBRS). Findings indicate that the development of children&rsquo;s Craft Sense can be supported with pictures. Furthermore, the CBRS can be used to evaluate and understand children&rsquo;s Craft Sense. Keywords: Craft Sense, Sloyd, Sloyd Education, Meta-cognition </div

Leaded tin bronzes: the effects of casting method on dry sliding behaviour

In metal-to-metal sliding bearing applications, leaded tin bronzes are widely known as materials with excellent seizure resistance. In conditions of boundary or dry lubrication, lead may smear across the sliding surface, preventing surface contact and catastrophic seizure. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of casting method on the dry sliding behaviour of leaded tin bronzes. Continuous cast, centrifugally cast, and sand cast leaded tin bronze samples with varying lead contents were subjected to pin-on-disk- testing. It was found that casting method has a significant effect on the wear behaviour of leaded tin bronzes in dry sliding conditions. With continuous cast samples, the dominant wear mode was rapid, stable microcracking along copper/lead interfacial boundaries. With centrifugally and sand cast samples, wear occurred more slowly and erratically through the formation of transfer layers. The dominant wear mode was found to be connected to the coarseness of the distribution of lead particles in the copper matrix

Kompressio - vaikuttavaa haavojen hoitoa

Alaraajaturvotus on kroonisten alaraajahaavojen riskitekijä, ja turvotus estää jo syntyneitä haavoja paranemasta. Kompressiota suositellaan siksi kaikkien alaraajahaavojen hoidoksi, jos raajassa on turvotusta eikä hoidolle ole vasta-aiheita. Jos turvotuksen syytä ei ole mahdollista poistaa, kompressiohoidon tarve on pysyvä. Kompressiohoito jää kuitenkin usein puutteelliseksi tai sitä ei aloiteta lainkaan. Alaraajahaavaa sairastavia potilaita hoitavien on kyettävä tunnistamaan ja ratkaisemaan tavallisimmat kompressiohoitoon liittyvät ongelmat. Tämä onnistuu vain tuntemalla kompressiohoidon ja käytettävien välineiden perusperiaatteet.</p

Opportunities for a Just Transition to environmental sustainability and COVID-19 recovery in the textile and garment sector in Asia

The impact of COVID-19 on the textile and garment sector in Asian countries has been and continues to be immense, and may last for a very long time. While countries in the West are emerging from the pandemic with some optimism that life will soon return to pre-pandemic levels, new COVID-19 outbreaks in Asia are pushing back hopes for a recovery in 2021 and the health and mental effects in communities are challenging pre-pandemic achievements related to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. This report examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the textile and garment sector, specifically the employment and enterprise impacts, and contextualizes these within the wider development impacts of the sector – social, economic and environmental; both positive and negative – to ask the question: how sustainable is the sector

Protons in the near-lunar wake observed by the Sub-keV Atom Reflection Analyzer on board Chandrayaan-1

Significant proton fluxes were detected in the near wake region of the Moon by an ion mass spectrometer on board Chandrayaan-1. The energy of these nightside protons is slightly higher than the energy of the solar wind protons. The protons are detected close to the lunar equatorial plane at a $140^{\circ}$ solar zenith angle, i.e., ~50$^{\circ}$ behind the terminator at a height of 100 km. The protons come from just above the local horizon, and move along the magnetic field in the solar wind reference frame. We compared the observed proton flux with the predictions from analytical models of an electrostatic plasma expansion into a vacuum. The observed velocity was higher than the velocity predicted by analytical models by a factor of 2 to 3. The simple analytical models cannot explain the observed ion dynamics along the magnetic field in the vicinity of the Moon.Comment: 28 pages, 7 figure

Concentrations of medetomidine enantiomers and vatinoxan, an α2-adrenoceptor antagonist, in plasma and central nervous tissue after intravenous coadministration in dogs

Objective To quantify the peripheral selectivity of vatinoxan (L-659,066, MK-467) in dogs by comparing the concentrations of vatinoxan, dexmedetomidine and levo-medetomidine in plasma and central nervous system (CNS) tissue after intravenous (IV) coadministration of vatinoxan and medetomidine. Study design Experimental, observational study. Animals A group of six healthy, purpose-bred Beagle dogs (four females and two males) aged 6.5 +/- 0.1 years (mean +/- standard deviation). Methods All dogs were administered a combination of medetomidine (40 mu g kg(-1)) and vatinoxan (800 mu g kg(-1)) as IV bolus. After 20 minutes, the dogs were euthanized with an IV overdose of pentobarbital (140 mg kg(-1)) and both venous plasma and CNS tissues (brain, cervical and lumbar spinal cord) were harvested. Concentrations of dexmedetomidine, levomedetomidine and vatinoxan in all samples were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and data were analyzed with nonparametric tests with post hoc corrections where appropriate. Results All dogs became deeply sedated after the treatment. The CNS-to-plasma ratio of vatinoxan concentration was approximately 1:50, whereas the concentrations of dexmedetomidine and levomedetomidine in the CNS were three- to seven-fold of those in plasma. Conclusions and clinical relevance With the doses studied, these results confirm the peripheral selectivity of vatinoxan in dogs, when coadministered IV with medetomidine. Thus, it is likely that vatinoxan preferentially antagonizes alpha(2)-adrenoceptors outside the CNS.Peer reviewe

Peripherally acting alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist MK-467 with intramuscular medetomidine and butorphanol in dogs : A prospective, randomised, clinical trial

Peer reviewe