NORSEX 1979 microwave remote sensing data report

Airborne microwave remote sensing measurements obtained by NASA Langley Research Center in support of the 1979 Norwegian Remote Sensing Experiment (NORSEX) are summarized. The objectives of NORSEX were to investigate the capabilities of an active/passive microwave system to measure ice concentration and type in the vicinity of the marginal ice zone near Svalbard, Norway and to apply microwave techniques to the investigation of a thermal oceanic front near Bear Island, Norway. The instruments used during NORSEX include the stepped frequency microwave radiometer, airborne microwave scatterometer, precision radiation thermometer and metric aerial photography. The data are inventoried, summarized, and presented in a user-friendly format. Data summaries are presented as time-history plots which indicate when and where data were obtained as well as the sensor configuration. All data are available on nine-track computer tapes in card-image format upon request to the NASA Langley Technical Library

Hyperons and massive neutron stars: vector repulsion and SU(3) symmetry

With the discovery of massive neutron stars such as PSR J1614-2230, the question has arisen whether exotic matter such as hyperons can exist in the neutron star core. We examine the conditions under which hyperons can exist in massive neutron stars. We consistently investigate the vector meson-hyperon coupling, going from SU(6) quark model to a broader SU(3) symmetry. We propose that the maximum neutron star mass decreases linearly with the strangeness content f_s of the neutron star core as M_max(f_s) = M_max(0) - 0.6 M_solar (f_s/0.1), which seems to be independent of the underlying nuclear equation of state and the vector baryon-meson coupling scheme. Thus, pulsar mass measurements can be used to constrain the hyperon fraction in neutron stars.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figure

Beaufort/Bering 1979 microwave remote sensing data catalog report, 14-24 March 1979

The airborne microwave remote sending measurements obtained by the Langley Research Center in support of the 1979 Sea-Ice Radar Experiment (SIRE) in the Beaufort and Bering Seas are discussed. The remote sensing objective of SIRE was to define correlations between both active and passive microwave signatures and ice phenomena assocated with practical applications in the Arctic. The instruments used by Langley during SIRE include the stepped frequency microwave radiometer (SFMR), the airborne microwave scatterometer (AMSCAT), the precision radiation thermometer (PRT-5), and metric aerial photography. Remote sensing data are inventoried and cataloged in a user-friendly format. The data catalog is presented as time-history plots when and where data were obtained as well as the sensor configuration

Implementation of two-party protocols in the noisy-storage model

The noisy-storage model allows the implementation of secure two-party protocols under the sole assumption that no large-scale reliable quantum storage is available to the cheating party. No quantum storage is thereby required for the honest parties. Examples of such protocols include bit commitment, oblivious transfer and secure identification. Here, we provide a guideline for the practical implementation of such protocols. In particular, we analyze security in a practical setting where the honest parties themselves are unable to perform perfect operations and need to deal with practical problems such as errors during transmission and detector inefficiencies. We provide explicit security parameters for two different experimental setups using weak coherent, and parametric down conversion sources. In addition, we analyze a modification of the protocols based on decoy states.Comment: 41 pages, 33 figures, this is a companion paper to arXiv:0906.1030 considering practical aspects, v2: published version, title changed in accordance with PRA guideline

Properties of Exotic Matter for Heavy Ion Searches

We examine the properties of both forms of strange matter, small lumps of strange quark matter (strangelets) and of strange hadronic matter (Metastable Exotic Multihypernuclear Objects: MEMOs) and their relevance for present and future heavy ion searches. The strong and weak decays are discussed separately to distinguish between long-lived and short-lived candidates where the former ones are detectable in present heavy ion experiments while the latter ones in future heavy ion experiments, respectively. We find some long-lived strangelet candidates which are highly negatively charged with a mass to charge ratio like a anti deuteron (M/Z=-2) but masses of A=10 to 16. We predict also many short-lived candidates, both in quark and in hadronic form, which can be highly charged. Purely hyperonic nuclei are bound and have a negative charge while carrying a positive baryon number. We demonstrate also that multiply charmed exotics (charmlets) might be bound and can be produced at future heavy ion colliders.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, uses IOP style and epsf.sty, to be published in Journal of Physics, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Strangeness in Quark Matter 1997, April 14-18, Thera (Santorini), Hellas. Corrected typos, added comment about bag constant

Hot Hypernuclear Matter in the Modified Quark Meson Coupling Model

Hot hypernuclear matter is investigated in an explicit SU(3) quark model based on a mean field description of nonoverlapping baryon bags bound by the self-consistent exchange of scalar $\sigma, \zeta$ and vector $\omega, \phi$ mesons. The $\sigma, \omega$ mean fields are assumed to couple to the u,d-quarks while the $\zeta, \phi$ mean fields are coupled to the s-quark. The coupling constants of the mean fields with the quarks are assumed to satisfy SU(6) symmetry. The calculations take into account the medium dependence of the bag parameter on the scalar fields $\sigma, \zeta$. We consider only the octet baryons $N,\Lambda,\Sigma,\Xi$ in hypernuclear matter. An ideal gas of the strange mesons $K$ and $K^{*}$ is introduced to keep zero net strangeness density. Our results for symmetric hypernuclear matter show that a phase transition takes place at a critical temperature around 180 MeV in which the scalar mean fields $\sigma, \zeta$ take nonzero values at zero baryon density. Furthermore, the bag contants of the baryons decrease significantly at and above this critical temperature indicating the onset of quark deconfinement. The present results imply that the onset of quark deconfinement in SU(3) hypernuclear matter is much stronger than in SU(2) nuclear matter.Comment: LaTeX/TeX 11 pages (dfg3r.tex), 9 figures in eps forma

The Strange Prospects for Astrophysics

The implications of the formation of strange quark matter in neutron stars and in core-collapse supernovae is discussed with special emphasis on the possibility of having a strong first order QCD phase transition at high baryon densities. If strange quark matter is formed in core-collapse supernovae shortly after the bounce, it causes the launch of a second outgoing shock which is energetic enough to lead to a explosion. A signal for the formation of strange quark matter can be read off from the neutrino spectrum, as a second peak in antineutrinos is released when the second shock runs over the neutrinosphere.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, invited talk given at the international conference on strangeness in quark matter (SQM2008), Beijing, October 6-10, Beijing, China, version to appear in J. Phys.

Hadron and hadron-cluster production in a hydrodynamical model including particle evaporation

We discuss the evolution of the mixed phase at RHIC and SPS within boostinvariant hydrodynamics. In addition to the hydrodynamical expansion, we also consider evaporation of particles off the surface of the fluid. The back-reaction of the evaporation process on the dynamics of the fluid shortens the lifetime of the mixed phase. In our model this lifetime of the mixed phase is <12 fm/c in Au+Au at RHIC and <6.5 fm/c in Pb+Pb at SPS, even in the limit of vanishing transverse expansion velocity. Strangeness separation occurs, especially in events (or at rapidities) with relatively high initial net baryon and strangeness number, enhancing the multiplicity of MEMOs (multiply strange nuclear clusters). If antiquarks and antibaryons reach saturation in the course of the pure QGP or mixed phase, we find that at RHIC the ratio of antideuterons to deuterons may exceed 0.3 and even anti-helium to helium>0.1. Due to fluctuations, at RHIC even negative baryon number at midrapidity is possible in individual events, so that the antibaryon and antibaryon-cluster yields exceed those of the corresponding baryons and clusters.Comment: 17 pages, Latex, epsfig stylefil

First Order Kaon Condensate

First order Bose condensation in asymmetric nuclear matter and in neutron stars is studied, with particular reference to kaon condensation. We demonstrate explicitly why the Maxwell construction fails to assure equilibrium in multicomponent substances. Gibbs conditions and conservation laws require that for phase equilibrium, the charge density must have opposite sign in the two phases of isospin asymmetric nuclear matter. The mixed phase will therefore form a Coulomb lattice with the rare phase occupying lattice sites in the dominant phase. Moreover, the kaon condensed phase differs from the normal phase, not by the mere presence of kaons in the first, but also by a difference in the nucleon effective masses. The mixed phase region, which occupies a large radial extent amounting to some kilometers in our model neutron stars, is thus highly heterogeneous. It should be particularly interesting in connection with the pulsar glitch phenomenon as well as transport properties.Comment: 25 pagees, 20 figures, Late