The fake food buffet - a new method in nutrition behaviour research

Experimental research in behavioural nutrition is often limited by practical applicability. In the present study, we assess the reproducibility and validity of a new experimental method using food replicas. A total of fifty-seven people were invited on two separate occasions with an interval of 2 weeks to serve themselves a meal from a fake food buffet (FFB) containing replica carrots, beans, pasta and chicken. The external validity of the FFB was assessed in a second study by comparing meals served from replica foods (beans, pasta, chicken) with meals served from a corresponding real food buffet (RFB). For the second study, forty-eight participants were invited on two separate occasions; first to serve themselves a meal from the FFB or an RFB and 2 weeks later from the other buffet. The amounts of food items served and (theoretical) energy content were compared. Correlation coefficients between the amounts of fake foods served were 0·77 (95% CI 0·68, 0·86) for chicken, 0·79 (95% CI 0·68, 0·87) for carrots, 0·81 (95% CI 0·69, 0·89) for beans and 0·89 (95% CI 0·82, 0·93) for pasta. For the FFB meal and the RFB meal, the correlations ranged between 0·76 (95% CI 0·73, 0·91) for chicken and 0·87 (95% CI 0·77, 0·92) for beans. The theoretical energy of the fake meal was 132kJ (32kcal) lower compared to the energy of the real meal. Results suggest that the FFB can be a valuable tool for the experimental assessment of relative effects of environmental influences on portion sizes and food choice under well-controlled condition

Superconducting and structural properties of plasma sprayed YBaCuO layers deposited on metallic substrates

The properties of plasma sprayed Y-Ba-Cu-O coatings deposited on metallic substrates are studied. Stainless steel, nickel steels and pure nickel are used as substrate. Y-Ba-Cu-O deposited on stainless steel and nickel steel reacts with the substrate. This interaction can be suppressed by using an yttria-stabilized zirconia (YsZ) diffusion barrier. However, after heat treatment the Y-Ba-Cu-O layers on YsZ show cracks perpendicular to the surface. As a result the critical current density is very low. The best results are obtained for Y-Ba-Cu-O deposited on pure nickel; here no cracks perpendicular to the surface are observed. The critical current increases with the anneal temperature but annealing for longer than 10 h does not seem to improve the superconducting properties any further

Kwetsbare existenties in een versnelde samenleving. Over kwetsbaarheid in compassie en zelfcompassie als mogelijke vormen van resonantie.

Naar aanleiding van de constatering dat de rol van kwetsbaarheid in Hartmut Rosa’s theorie van resonantie dieper onderzoek vergt, is in dit onderzoek onderzocht in hoeverre zijn theorie kan worden verrijkt met het begrip ‘kwetsbaarheid’ als kernbestand van compassie en zelfcompassie. Daarvoor is onderzocht welke rol kwetsbaarheid speelt in de ervaring van compassie en zelfcompassie, en in hoeverre compassie en zelfcompassie kunnen worden opgevat als een vorm van resonantie. Daarnaast is onderzocht hoe de erkenning van kwetsbaarheid die kenmerkend is voor compassie en zelfcompassie kan leiden tot een maatschappelijke vergroting van de ervaring van compassie en zelfcompassie. Het onderzoek toont aan dat kwetsbaarheid enerzijds kan worden opgevat als emotionele kwetsbaarheid, hechtingskwetsbaarheid en inherente kwetsbaarheid, welke deel uitmaken van de ervaring van compassie en zelfcompassie. Anderzijds kan kwetsbaarheid worden opgevat als sociale kwetsbaarheid, welke een belemmering vormt voor het kunnen ervaren van compassie en zelfcompassie. Daarnaast kunnen compassie en zelfcompassie worden opgevat als vormen van resonantie, mits er sprake is van een ‘antwoordrelatie’. Tot slot, kan de erkenning van kwetsbaarheid leiden tot een maatschappelijke vergroting van de ervaring van compassie en zelfcompassie wanneer deze gestalte krijgt in wetten, beleid, de visie van publieke figuren en leidinggevenden, compassietraining en in de opvoeding

Broadband modelling of short gamma-ray bursts with energy injection from magnetar spin-down and its implications for radio detectability

The magnetar model has been proposed to explain the apparent energy injection in the X-ray light curves of short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs), but its implications across the full broadband spectrum are not well explored. We investigate the broadband modelling of four SGRBs with evidence for energy injection in their X-ray light curves, applying a physically motivated model in which a newly formed magnetar injects energy into a forward shock as it loses angular momentum along open field lines. By performing an order of magnitude search for the underlying physical parameters in the blast wave, we constrain the characteristic break frequencies of the synchrotron spectrum against their manifestations in the available multi-wavelength observations for each burst. The application of the magnetar energy injection profile restricts the successful matches to a limited family of models that are self-consistent within the magnetic dipole spin-down framework.We produce synthetic light curves that describe how the radio signatures of these SGRBs ought to have looked given the restrictions imposed by the available data, and discuss the detectability of these signatures with present-day and near-future radio telescopes. Our results show that both the Atacama Large Millimetre Array and the upgraded Very Large Array are now sensitive enough to detect the radio signature within two weeks of trigger in most SGRBs, assuming our sample is representative of the population as a whole. We also find that the upcoming Square Kilometre Array will be sensitive to depths greater than those of our lower limit predictions.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, 6 tables, accepted for publication in MNRA

John Bowlby på besök i 1950-talets Sverige: En udda fågel i svensk barnpsykiatri

The mismatch between John Bowlby and post-war Swedish child psychiatry: Account of a research visitIn the first half of 1950, the British psychiatrist and psychoanalyst John Bowlby visited France, Sweden, the Netherlands, and the USA to gain information about the state of the art in the care of homeless children. The World Health Organization published Bowlby’s conclusions asMaternal Care and Mental Health (1952). The article aims to present an account and discussion of Bowlby’s weeklong visit to Sweden, based on previously unpublished notebooks and letters. The analysis shows a clear mismatch between Bowlby’s ideas and those of his Swedish hosts working in child psychiatry and social care. At first sight, Bowlby seemed to align with the Swedish psychoanalytically oriented child psychiatrists, while rejecting those Swedish experts who represented a biological approach with ideas about heredity, but it was more complicated than that. Bowlby also appreciated the methodological rigor and statistical methods of the latter current. What he did not appreciate, however, was that both Swedish currents, despite their mutual disagreements, shared a similar view of the importance of the environment for child development that was much broader than his own. For Bowlby’s hosts, environmental factors such as housing, schooling, parental care, number of siblings, social contacts, etc. were all important for the understanding of poor mental health and social maladjustment in childhood. As also becomes clear from the title of his book, Bowlby rejected such a broad approach and focused exclusively on mother-child bonding as determining children’s mental development and health. This mismatch between Bowlby and the Swedish experts explains why Bowlby paid only scarce attention to Swedish views in his WHO report, why this report and his later ideas about the importance of mother-child attachment initially met with little enthusiasm, and why he remained a "queer fish" in Sweden.Development Psychopathology in context: famil

Evidence for an abundant old population of Galactic ultra long period magnetars and implications for fast radio bursts

Two recent discoveries, namely PSR J0901-4046 and GLEAM-X J162759.5-523504.3 (hereafter GLEAM-X J1627), have corroborated an extant population of radio-loud periodic sources with long periods (76 s and 1091 s respectively) whose emission can hardly be explained by rotation losses. We argue that GLEAM-X J1627 is a highly-magnetized object consistent with a magnetar (an ultra long period magnetar - ULPM), and demonstrate it is unlikely to be either a magnetically or a rotationally-powered white dwarf. By studying these sources together with previously detected objects, we find there are at least a handful of promising candidates for Galactic ULPMs. The detections of these objects imply a substantial number, $N \gtrsim 13000$ and $N \gtrsim 500$ for PSR J0901--4046 like and GLEAM-X J1627 like objects, respectively, within our Galaxy. These source densities, as well as cooling age limits from non-detection of thermal X-rays, Galactic offsets, timing stability and dipole spindown limits, all imply the ULPM candidates are substantially older than confirmed Galactic magnetars and that their formation channel is a common one. Their existence implies widespread survival of magnetar-like fields for several Myr, distinct from the inferred behaviour in confirmed Galactic magnetars. ULPMs may also constitute a second class of FRB progenitors which could naturally exhibit very long periodic activity windows. Finally, we show that existing radio campaigns are biased against detecting objects like these and discuss strategies for future radio and X-ray surveys to identify more such objects. We estimate that ${\cal O}(100)$ more such objects should be detected with SKA-MID and DSA-2000.Comment: 22 pages, 10 figures. Published in MNRA