198 research outputs found
What do stakeholders consider the key issues affecting the quality of foodservice provision for long-stay patients
This study aimed to elicit concerns of key stakeholders regarding food service provision to long stay hospital patients. Seventeen focus groups and four individual interviews were conducted involving six stakeholder groups: dietitians, nutrition assistants, patients, nurses, food service assistants and food service managers. Ninety-eight participants (20 male; 78 female) were recruited from public and private hospitals in New South Wales, Australia. Each of the focus groups and individual interviews was conducted in the hospital setting where free and open discussions could be digitally recorded. Transcripts were prepared from the digital recordings and QSR Nvivo 2.0β’ qualitative analysis software was used to code the transcripts prior to content and thematic analysis. Themes were identified by relative frequency in the discussion, number of issues raised within each theme and the importance placed on the issues raised. Five major themes emerged from thirty seven discussion topics: the food service system, menu variety, preparation to eat/feeding assistance, packaging and portion size. Participants were particularly concerned about the increased packaging of food products, perceived lack of meal set up and feeding assistance, limited menu variety especially when considering longer stay hospital inpatients, and the increased use of cook-chill operations. These findings lend themselves well to testing in a wider sphere via quantitative means in a proposed national survey. The results of this survey may produce a position on the main barriers to effective food service provision to long stay patients in the Australian context, and enable identification of practical solutions
Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Ξ²-ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»- ΠΈ Ξ²-2-ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΈΠ»Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π°
ΠΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· Ξ²-ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»- ΠΈ Ξ²-2-ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΈΠ»Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π°. ΠΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ξ²-ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»Π°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ»Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ΄Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Ξ²-ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»- ΠΈ Ξ²-(2-ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ»)-ΠΠΠ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΉ Staphylococcus aureus.ΠΠ΄ΡΠΉΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· Ξ²-ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»- Ρ Ξ²-2-ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΠ» Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ΄Ρ Π² ΠΌΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠ»Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ (Ξ²-ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»Π°Π»ΠΊΡΠ»Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠ΄ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ Π·Π° ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Ξ²-ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»- Ρ Ξ²-(2-ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»)-ΠΠΠ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π·ΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΡ Staphylococcus aureus.The synthesis of Ξ²-cyclohexylmethyl- and Ξ²-2-cyclohexylethylglycosides of muramyldipeptide has been carried out. The starting peracetates of Ξ²-cyclohexylalkylglucosaminides have been obtained by the oxazoline method. It been found that Ξ²-cyclohexylmethyl- and Ξ²-(2-cyclohexylethyl)-MDP have a high anti-infection protective effect against the lethal dose of Staphylococcus aureus in mice
Is flood defense changing in nature? Shifts in the flood defense strategy in six European countries
In many countries, flood defense has historically formed the core of flood risk management but this strategy is now evolving with the changing approach to risk management. This paper focuses on the neglected analysis of institutional changes within the flood defense strategies formulated and implemented in six European countries (Belgium, England, France, the Netherlands, Poland, and Sweden). The evolutions within the defense strategy over the last 30 years have been analyzed with the help of three mainstream institutional theories: a policy dynamics-oriented framework, a structure-oriented institutional theory on path dependency, and a policy actors-oriented analysis called the advocacy coalitions framework. We characterize the stability and evolution of the trends that affect the defense strategy in the six countries through four dimensions of a policy arrangement approach: actors, rules, resources, and discourses. We ask whether the strategy itself is changing radically, i.e., toward a discontinuous situation, and whether the processes of change are more incremental or radical. Our findings indicate that in the European countries studied, the position of defense strategy is continuous, as the classical role of flood defense remains dominant. With changing approaches to risk, integrated risk management, climate change, urban growth, participation in governance, and socioeconomic challenges, the flood defense strategy is increasingly under pressure to change. However, these changes can be defined as part of an adaptation of the defense strategy rather than as a real change in the nature of flood risk management
Changing social contracts in climate-change adaptation
Risks from extreme weather events are mediated through
state, civil society and individual action
1
,
2
. We propose evolving
social contracts as a primary mechanism by which adaptation
to climate change proceeds. We use a natural experiment
of policy and social contexts of the UK and Ireland affected
by the same meteorological event and resultant flooding in
November 2009. We analyse data from policy documents and
from household surveys of 356 residents in western Ireland and
northwest England. We find significant differences between
perceptions of individual responsibility for protection across
the jurisdictions and between perceptions of future risk from
populations directly affected by flooding events. These explain
differences in stated willingness to take individual adaptive
actions when state support retrenches. We therefore show
that expectations for state protection are critical in mediating
impacts and promoting longer-term adaptation. We argue
that making social contracts explicit may smooth pathways to
effective and legitimate adaptation
Consumers' salient beliefs regarding dairy products in the functional food era: a qualitative study using concepts from the theory of planned behaviour
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Inadequate consumption of dairy products without appropriate dietary substitution may have deleterious health consequences. Social research reveals the factors that may impede compliance with dietary recommendations. This is particularly important given the recent introduction of functional dairy products. One of the challenges for public health professionals is to demonstrate the efficacy of nutrition education in improving attitudes toward nutrient rich foods. The aim of this study was to explore the salient beliefs of adult weight loss trial participants regarding both traditional and functional dairy products and to compare these with a control group not exposed to nutrition education.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Six focus groups were conducted, three with weight loss trial completers (<it>n </it>= 15) that had received nutrition education and three with individuals from the same region (<it>n </it>= 14) to act as controls. Transcribed focus groups were coded using the Theory of Planned Behaviour theoretical framework.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Non-trial participants perceived dairy foods as weight inducing and were sceptical of functional dairy products. A lack of time/ability to decipher dairy food labels was also discussed by these individuals. In contrast trial participants discussed several health benefits related to dairy foods, practised label reading and were confident in their ability to incorporate dairy foods into their diet. Normative beliefs expressed were similar for both groups indicating that these were more static and less amenable to change through nutrition education than control and behavioural beliefs.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Nutrition education provided as a result of weight loss trial participation influenced behavioural and control beliefs relating to dairy products. This study provides a proof of concept indication that nutrition education may improve attitudes towards dairy products and may thus be an important target for public health campaigns seeking to increase intake of this food group.</p
Methodological framework for an integrated multi-scale vulnerability and resilience assessment
The deliverable illustrates the methodological framework to assess vulnerability and resilience across different temporal and spatial scales, acknowledging the different domains where the latter may manifest, and in particular in the natural and the built environment, allocating a large importance to the so called βcritical infrastructuresβ, in social and economic systems. A set of four matrices has been developed to identify what aspects should be looked at before the impact, that is to say what shows the potential ability or inability to cope with an extreme; at the impact, addressing in particular the capacity (or incapacity) to sustain various types of stresses (in the form of acceleration, pressure, heatβ¦); in the time immediately after the impact, as the ability (or inability) to suffer losses and still continue functioning; and in the longer term of recovery, as the capacity to find a new state of equilibrium in which the fragilities manifested during and after the impact are addressed.
Developing the framework, a particular attention has been paid to the relationships among systems within the same matrix and among matrices, across spatial and temporal scales. A set of matrices has been developed for different natural hazards, including in particular landslides and floods, trying to include as much as possible what past cases, the international literature and prior experience of involved partners have indicated as relevant parameters and factors to look at. In this regard, the project builds on the state of the art, embedding what has been learned until now in terms of response capacity to a variety of stresses and in the meantime identifying gaps to be addressed by future research
Flood resilience community pathfinder evaluation: rapid evidence assessment
The increase in the risk of flooding as a result of extreme weather and climate change makes it essential for local authorities and communities to engage with this issue. Defra is providing grant funding to 13 local authorities throughout England under a new Flood Resilience Community Pathfinder (FRCP) scheme aimed at stimulating community action to increase resilience. The measures being developed include property-level protection, flood resilience groups, volunteer flood wardens and community champions, engagement with more vulnerable groups and efforts to increase financial resilience
Double whammy? Are the most at risk the least aware? A study of environmental justice and awareness of flood risk in England and Wales
Assessing the legitimacy of flood risk governance arrangements in Europe: insights from intra-country evaluations
Legitimacy has received comparatively less attention than societal resilience in the context of flooding, thus methods for assessing and monitoring the legitimacy of Flood Risk Governance Arrangements (FRGA) are noticeably lacking. This study attempts to address this gap by assessing the legitimacy of FRGAs in six European countries through cross-disciplinary and comparative research methods. On the basis of this assessment, recommendation
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