Low Q2Q^2 proton structure function, using gluon and pseudoscalar meson clouds in the constituent quark framework

The idea of the meson cloud approach in the chiral quark model has been extended to include gluon cloud in order to achieve the parton densities in the nucleon, based on the constitute quark framework. The splitting function of the quark to the quark-meson and quark-gluon at low $Q^2$ value are used to obtain parton densities in the constituent quark. The phenomenological constituent model is employed to extract the parton distributions in the proton at low $Q^2$ value. Since we have access to the parton densities at low $Q^2$, we are able to obtain $F_{2}(x,Q^2)$ structure function at low $Q^2$ value. The result is in good agreement with available experimental data and some theoretical models. To confirm the validity of our calculations, the fraction of total momentum of proton which is carried by gluon at high $Q^2$ and also the Gottfried sum rule are computed. The results are in good agreement with what are expected.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure

Association between vitamin d deficiencies in sarcoidosis with disease activity, course of disease and stages of lung involvements

Background: Despite negative association between 25-hydroxy vitamin D and incidence of many chronic respiratory diseases, this feature was not well studied in sarcoidosis. Current study investigated the association between 25-hydroxy vitamin D deficiency with sarcoidosis chronicity, disease activity, extra-pulmonary skin manifestations, urine calcium level and pulmonary function status in Iranian sarcoidosis patients. Results of this study along with future studies, will supply more effective programs for sarcoidosis treatment. Methods: Eighty sarcoidosis patients in two groups of insufficient serum level and sufficient serum level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D were studied. Course of sarcoidosis was defined as acute and chronic sarcoidosis. Pulmonary function test (PFT) was assessed by spirometry. Skin involvements were defined as biopsy proven skin sarcoidosis. 24-hour urine calcium level was used to specify the disease activity. Stages of lung involvements were obtained by CT-scan and chest X-ray. The statistical analyses were evaluated using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Results: A significant negative correlation was obtained between vitamin D deficiency in sarcoidosis patients and disease chronic course and stages two to four of lung involvements. Considering other parameters of the disease and vitamin D deficiency, no significant correlation was detected. Conclusions: In conclusion, results of the current study implies in the role of vitamin 25(OH)D deficiencies in predicting the course of chronic sarcoidosis. Furthermore, it was concluded that vitamin 25(OH)D deficiency can direct pulmonary sarcoidosis toward stage 2–4 of lung involvements

The Effect of Preharvest Factors on Fruit and Nutritional Quality in Strawberry

Strawberries play an essential role in human nutrition and health, especially as a source of vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber. They also have health-promoting compounds that lower the risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease. The nutritional value of strawberries varies greatly among cultivars. Traditional and molecular breeding techniques can be used to develop varieties with enhanced nutritional quality and improved flavor to meet consumer preferences. Climatic conditions, such as temperature and light intensity, and other preharvest factors, e.g., soil type, fertilization, irrigation, mulching, and other cultural practices, have a significant effect on strawberry fruit quality. Additionally, the extent of postharvest physical and physiological injury and potential fruit loss is affected by preharvest parameters. In this chapter, the effect of preharvest factors on fruit and nutritional quality of strawberry is discussed

Investigation of the double ramp in hypersonic flow using luminescent measurement systems

Compression ramp flows in supersonic and hypersonic environments present unique flow patterns for shock wave-boundary layer interaction studies. They also represent the generic geometry of two-dimensional inlets and deflected control surfaces for re-entry vehicles. Therefore, a detailed knowledge of the flow behaviour created by such geometries is critical for optimum design. The flow is made more complicated due to the presence of separation regions and streamwise Görtler vortices. The objective of the current research is to study the behaviour and characteristics of the flow over the double ramp model placed in hypersonic flow at freestream Mach number of 5. Three different incidence angles of 0°, −2°, and −4° are studied using colour Schlieren and luminescent paints consisting of anodized aluminium pressure-sensitive paint (AA-PSP) and the temperature-sensitive paint (TSP) technique. The colour Schlieren provides description of the external flow while the global surface pressure and temperature distribution is obtained through the AA-PSP and TSP methods. The TSP technique also proves that it is very effective in identifying the location and properties of the Görtler vortices; revealing the effect of incidence on the magnitude and pattern of Görtler vortices formed

Evaluation of the role of conventional and tissue doppler imaging echocardiography in detection of acute cardiac allograft rejection in heart transplant recipients

Background: Endomyocardial Biopsy (EMB) is the gold standard test for diagnosis of acute allograft cardiac rejection. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the role of echocardiographic parameters in discriminating patients with and without evidence of acute cardiac allograft rejection. Materials and Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, using convenience sampling, 63 EMB specimens were collected from the patients who had undergone biatrial orthotropic cardiac transplantation. The mean age of the recipients and donors was 30.46 ± 9.49 and 24.55 ± 7.64 years, respectively. There were 51(81) male recipients and 39(62) male donors. Echocardiographic examination was performed within the 24 hours of EMB. The data were entered into the SPSS statistical software, version 19 and were analyzed by chi-square test, student�s t-test, and one-way ANOVA as appropriated. All the data were two-tailed and P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Among the 63 EMB specimens evaluated in the present study, mild and moderate acute rejections were seen in 19(30) and 5(8) cases, respectively. On Doppler examination, the three groups (without rejection, with mild rejection, and with moderate acute rejection) were significantly different only regarding trans-tricuspid E wave (P = 0.040). Pulsed-wave Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI) also revealed a significant difference between the patients with and without allograft rejection regarding early diastolic tricuspid and mitral annular motion velocities (P = 0.005 and P = 0.02, respectively). Conclusions: It seems that echocardiographic parameters, including TDI, might be adjunct to, rather than substitution for, EMB findings for early diagnosis of acute allograft rejection. © 2016, Iranian Cardiovascular Research Journal. All right reserved

Multiple air pollutant exposure and lung cancer in Tehran, Iran

Lung cancer is the most rapidly increasing malignancy worldwide with an estimated 2.1 million cancer cases in the latest, 2018 World Health Organization (WHO) report. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of air pollution and lung cancer, in Tehran, Iran. Residential area information of the latest registered lung cancer cases that were diagnosed between 2014 and 2016 (N = 1,850) were inquired from the population-based cancer registry of Tehran. Long-term average exposure to PM10, SO2, NO, NO2, NOX, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, p-xylene, o-xylene (BTEX), and BTEX in 22 districts of Tehran were estimated using land use regression models. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to generate multi-pollutant exposure profiles. Negative binomial regression analysis was used to examine the association between air pollutants and lung cancer incidence. The districts with higher concentrations for all pollutants were mostly in downtown and around the railway station. Districts with a higher concentration for NOx (IRR = 1.05, for each 10 unit increase in air pollutant), benzene (IRR = 3.86), toluene (IRR = 1.50), ethylbenzene (IRR = 5.16), p-xylene (IRR = 9.41), o-xylene (IRR = 7.93), m-xylene (IRR = 2.63) and TBTEX (IRR = 1.21) were significantly associated with higher lung cancer incidence. Districts with a higher multiple air-pollution profile were also associated with more lung cancer incidence (IRR = 1.01). Our study shows a positive association between air pollution and lung cancer incidence. This association was stronger for, respectively, p-xylene, o-xylene, ethylbenzene, benzene, m-xylene and toluene

Extraction and neutralization nematocyst venom of Crambionella orsini jellyfish [whit] using of chelating Na-EDTA

Jellyfish is one of the poisonous animals that causing human poisoning. Found a variety of jellyfish in the Persian Gulf. Although these species can't Cause of quick death in humans but they have harmful effects on human health system and have Following are the side effects. In this study extracted Crambionella Orsini Jellyfish Venom According to Bloom method and was obtained its Concentration by Biuret method and Calculated LD50 by Jung and Choi method. According to Venom concentration and its LD50 was determined that Cause of death mice 0.5 ml of venom. The use of Na-EDTA for neutralizing venom. This Chelate Was injected in two ways to mice that in both methods, Prevented death. Na-EDTA is dedicated Chelate for Calcium excretion from body that According to nuclear calcium's venom is able to separated that from Venom structure and neutralize venom

Microstructural evolution under low shear rates during Rheo processing of LM25 alloy

© ASM InternationalMicrostructural features of LM25 alloy processed by two different routes: (1) conventional casting, and(2)shear casting based on inclined heated surface are studied. The microstructures of the primary phase for the shear-cast samples show rosette or ellipsoidal morphologies. Heat transfer of contacting melt with the inclined tube surface and shear stress exerted on the layers of the melt as result of gravitational force are crucial parameters for the microstructural evolution. Compared to those produced by conventional casting, shear-cast samples have a much improved tensile strength and ductility due to globular microstructure

The effect of changes in temperature on the toxicity of jellyfish, Crambionella orsini

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature changes to reduce toxicity of jellyfish Crambionellaorsini venom. Venom extraction was done according to Bloom method. Sonication was used to break the wall of nematocysts capsule and then the resulting solution was centrifuged. To evaluate the effect of temperature on the venom, it was heated at different temperatures and then injected into sori mice. After catching jellyfish, Crambionellaorsini from Arvand stream estuary edges of umbrellas and tentacles of jellyfish were separated and kept in water LD_50 of toxins were calculated by Jung and Choi method and statistical analysis to obtain minimal lethal dose of poison done by Excel 2007. The results showed that the venom of jellyfish Crambionellaorsini, like venom of other animals is, based on a protein and that is sensitive to heat. This venom is disabled and lose their structure at 48 °C and its minimum lethal dose is 0.5 ml