DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD AND RP-HPLC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF CAPECITABINE IN BULK AND TABLET DOSAGE FORMS

Objective: The objective of the present work is to develop and validate a novel, specific, precise and reliable method for estimation of Capecitabine in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form using UV-visible spectroscopy and RP-HPLC method. Methods: UV-visible spectrophotometric determination was performed with Elico double beam SL 210 UV-visible spectrophotometer having deuterium lamp at λmax 304 nm using water as a medium. Linearity was noted over a concentration range of 2-20 µg/ml with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. HPLC analysis was performed using Eclipse XDB C18 column with 5 µm particle size having dimensions 4.6 X 250 mm column, Agilent 1260 infinity DAD detector, 1260 infinity quaternary pump using Ezchrome software at a flow rate of 1 ml/min and a run time pressure of 2140 psi. Methanol: acetonitrile: water in the ratio 30: 30: 40 was used as mobile phase and the effluents were analyzed at 304 nm. Both the proposed methods were validated for various parameters like linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, ruggedness, selectivity, detection, quantification limits, formulation analysis as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Results: Linearity for UV and HPLC method was noted over a concentration range of 2-100 µg/ml with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. The retention time was considered to be 4.60 min. The % RSD for interday and intraday precision studies and recovery analysis of both UV and HPLC methods was found to be less than 1% which is less than the official RSD limit (2%). Recovery analysis performed using marketed formulation capeguard was considered to be greater than 99% for both the methods. Conclusion: Both the methods developed were validated according to the ICH guidelines. Hence it was evident that the developed methods were novel, sensitive, precise and reliable for estimation of Capecitabine in bulk and were successfully applied for estimation of pharmaceutical dosage forms. Keywords: Capecitabine, UV-visible spectroscopic method, HPLC method, Validatio

POWER OPTIMIZED MEMORY ORGANIZATION USING GATED DRIVER TREE

This project presents circuit design of a low-power delay buffer. The proposed delay buffer uses several new techniques to reduce its power consumption. Since delay buffers are accessed sequentially, it adopts a ring-counter addressing scheme. In the ring counter, double-edge-triggered (DET) flip-flops are utilized to reduce the operating frequency by half and the C-element gated-clock strategy is proposed. A novel gated-clock-driver tree is then applied to further reduce the activity along the clock distribution network. Moreover, the gated-driver-tree idea is also employed in the input and output ports of the memory block to decrease their loading, thus saving even more power. And also, we are presenting less area over head in this project by using FIFO (First In First Out) technique. FIFO is a technique, which is having the capability to store the DATA with out any write operation and retrieving the DATA without any read operation

A STUDY ON PERCEPTIONS OF FACULTY MEMBERS ON INFORAMATION SOURCES OF LIBRARIES OF ENGINEERING COLLEGES AFFILIATED TO JNTU-ANANTAPUR, ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA

Analysis of data collected from a simple random sample of 1130 faculty members belonging to 37 Engineering colleges affiliated to JNTU-Anantapur using a questionnaire, reveals that most of the faculty members are using textbooks (97.3%), and Internet (85.7%) for their teaching activity. Further, most of the faculty members are using e-journals (80.1%) and Internet (79.0%) for their research activity. Most of the faculty members are satisfied with latest editions of books available (79.8%) and with the multiple copies available for prescribed textbooks in their libraries (75.02%). Most of them (77.3%) are consulting periodicals for their teaching and research work. Most of them (78.1%) are satisfied with the present collection of periodicals. Nearly half of them (51.3%) are consulting indexing and abstracting periodicals to know the latest literature for their teaching and research needs. Most of them (77.2%) replied that the latest issues of periodicals are available in their libraries concerned. Majority of the faculty members replied that current issues of periodicals (68.8%) and the back volumes of periodicals (60.5%) are not issued for home reading. Most of them (81.8%) replied that their libraries are subscribing to e-journals. Majority of them (53.7%) replied that their libraries are not subscribing to e-books. A few recommendations have been made by the researchers on the basis of findings

A STUDY ON PERCEPTIONS OF FACULTY MEMBERS ON INFORAMATION SOURCES OF LIBRARIES OF ENGINEERING COLLEGES AFFILIATED TO JNTU-ANANTAPUR, ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA

Analysis of data collected from a simple random sample of 1130 faculty members belonging to 37 Engineering colleges affiliated to JNTU-Anantapur using a questionnaire, reveals that most of the faculty members are using textbooks (97.3%), and Internet (85.7%) for their teaching activity. Further, most of the faculty members are using e-journals (80.1%) and Internet (79.0%) for their research activity. Most of the faculty members are satisfied with latest editions of books available (79.8%) and with the multiple copies available for prescribed textbooks in their libraries (75.02%). Most of them (77.3%) are consulting periodicals for their teaching and research work. Most of them (78.1%) are satisfied with the present collection of periodicals. Nearly half of them (51.3%) are consulting indexing and abstracting periodicals to know the latest literature for their teaching and research needs. Most of them (77.2%) replied that the latest issues of periodicals are available in their libraries concerned. Majority of the faculty members replied that current issues of periodicals (68.8%) and the back volumes of periodicals (60.5%) are not issued for home reading. Most of them (81.8%) replied that their libraries are subscribing to e-journals. Majority of them (53.7%) replied that their libraries are not subscribing to e-books. A few recommendations have been made by the researchers on the basis of findings

Mining User Interests from User Search by Using Web Log Data

Web Usage Mining (WUM) is a kind of data mining method that can be used to discover user access patterns from Web log data. A lot of work has been done already about this area and the obtained results are used in different applications such as recommending the Web usage patterns, personalization, system improvement and business intelligence. WUM includes three phases that are called preprocessing, pattern discovery and pattern analysis. There square measure totally different techniques for WUM that have their own benefits and downsides. We tend to initial describe a way for extracting a worldwide linguistics illustration of a pursuit question log then show, however, we are able to use it to semantically extract the user interests. During this paper extraction of users interest from journal knowledge will be done, that square measure supported visit time and visit density which might be get from an analysis of internet users journal knowledge

Achievements of Soil Research in Dryland Regions of Andhra Pradesh

Not AvailableThe global rainfed crop lands were estimated at 1.132 billion hectares at the end of the last millennium. This is 2.78 times the net irrigated areas (407 m ha) of the world. Rainfed agro-ecosystems occupy a considerable place in Indian agriculture too, covering 80 million ha, in arid, semi-arid and sub-humid climatic zones; constituting nearly 58% of the net cultivated area. Rainfed regions support 60% of livestock, 40% of human population and contribute 40% of food grains and several special attribute commodities. Rainfed agro ecologies are complex, diverse, fragile, risky, under invested and require regionally differentiated investments and management strategies. Achieving high production potential is difficult in these rainfed areas due to vagaries of rainfall.Not Availabl

Outcomes of Disconnective Surgery in Intractable Pediatric Hemispheric and Subhemispheric Epilepsy

Objectives: To study the outcome of disconnective epilepsy surgery for intractable hemispheric and sub-hemispheric pediatric epilepsy. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the epilepsy surgery database was done in all children (age <18 years) who underwent a peri-insular hemispherotomy (PIH) or a peri-insular posterior quadrantectomy (PIPQ) from April 2000 to March 2011. All patients underwent a detailed pre surgical evaluation. Seizure outcome was assessed by the Engel's classification and cognitive skills by appropriate measures of intelligence that were repeated annually. Results: There were 34 patients in all. Epilepsy was due to Rasmussen's encephalitis (RE), Infantile hemiplegia seizure syndrome (IHSS), Hemimegalencephaly (HM), Sturge Weber syndrome (SWS) and due to post encephalitic sequelae (PES). Twenty seven (79.4%) patients underwent PIH and seven (20.6%) underwent PIPQ. The mean follow up was 30.5 months. At the last follow up, 31 (91.1%) were seizure free. The age of seizure onset and etiology of the disease causing epilepsy were predictors of a Class I seizure outcome. Conclusions: There is an excellent seizure outcome following disconnective epilepsy surgery for intractable hemispheric and subhemispheric pediatric epilepsy. An older age of seizure onset, RE, SWS and PES were good predictors of a Class I seizure outcome

COMMERCIAL SCALABLE PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF IRBESARTAN INTERMEDIATE

ABSTRACT Development of efficient commercial process for the preparation of highly pure 4&apos;-(2-Butyl-4-oxo-1,3-diazaspir

First report on induced spawning of Siganus vermiculatus in India

Siganids are widely distributed to Indo-West Pacific region and the Siganus vermiculatus (Maze rabbit fish/Vermiculated spinefoot) can reach sizes that weigh up 2.3 kg each. It is a species of great aquaculture importance and hence breeding and seed production protocols are necessary. A major breakthrough in the seed production of Siganus vermiculatus by inducing the fishes to spawn under controlled conditions with Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) during the first quarter of the lunar cycle is reported. The hatchery processes and early larval stages are described

Impact of duration of stunting on compensatory growth and biometrics of snubnose pompano, Trachinotus blochii (Lacepede,1801) in low saline conditions

Compensatory growth (CG) pattern in snubnose pompano, Trachinotus blochii, stunted in low saline condition (< 15 ppt) was evaluated for its field level application. The fish were stunted for 30, 60 and 90 days by stocking 100 fish m− 3 providing a commercial feed (45% crude protein, 0.8 to 1.2 mm size) at sub-optimal level [3% of average body weight (ABW)]. Post-stunting rearing was carried out in triplicates for 30, 60 or 90 days at a stocking density of 20 fish m− 3 providing the same feed approximately 15% of ABW. Normal fish were maintained in triplicate at 20 fish m− 3 providing feed at optimum level (10% of ABW) throughout the experiment. Parameters such as weight gain pattern, final ABW and specific growth rate (%) per day (SGR/day) indicated near complete CG in 30 days stunted fish. A partial CG in 60 days stunted fish and no CG in 90 days stunted fish compared to corresponding normal fish was observed. The 60 days stunted fish was found ideal for field adoption with longer stunting period with better CG and survival. A field trial was conducted in circular cage by stunting the fish at 40 fish m− 3 (ABW = 5.4 g) feeding at 3% of ABW for 60 days. During post stunting, the stunted fish (10 fish m− 3) were reared in two cages feeding approximately 15% of ABW for 190 days. Parallely, normal fish (10 fish m− 3) were reared by feeding at 10% of ABW for 250 days. During stunting phase, the experimental fish exhibited a retarded growth (ABW = 18.9 g; SGR/day = 2.1) compared to normal (ABW = 27.9 ± 0.5 g; SGR/day = 2.7). In contrast, in post stunting phase, stunted fish exhibited partial CG (ABW = 116.23 ± 2.1 g; SGR/day = 0.71) compared to normal (ABW = 139.5 ± 15. 7 g; SGR/day = 0.8) with similar production (28.9 ± 1.8 g for stunted and 30.36 ± 4.3 g for normal) and higher survival (88.7%) than normal (77.5%). Biometric characteristics such as length - weight relationship (b value near 3) and condition factor (above 1) indicate natural growth in both stunted and normal fish. But size variation was higher in normal fish than stunted fish. Over all the experiments suggests that 60 days stunting in low saline conditions is ideal for ensuring good quality seed for farming of snubnose pompano