Influence of hydrothermal treatment conditions on the structure and catalytic activity of alumina during the skeletal isomerization of n-butenes

In order to obtain an efficient alumina catalyst for skeleton isomerization of n-butenes with a high catalytic activity, we study the influence of hydrothermal treatment (HTT) of alumina systems at 150- 200°C on the parameters of the crystalline and pore structure, and acid-base properties of industrial ?- Al 2O 3. It is shown that the HTT of aluminum hydroxide increases the sizes of microcrystallites and reduces the alumina's specific surface area and the number of acid-base centers. This reduces the activity in the reaction of skeletal isomerization of n-butenes. HTT of the two-phase alumina-aluminum hydroxide sys- tem produces smaller crystallites of γ-Al 2O 3 and raises the acidity of the alumina obtained after calcination at 550°C; as a result, the catalytic activity increases. This method can be used to enhance the activity of industrial samples of alumina in the reaction of skeletal isomerization of n-butenes. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2012

Colleges and industry partner’s integration: China’s experience

The article considers the Chinese analogue of the federal project “Professionalism” – “Workshop named after master Liu Ban”. Luban Workshop is an innovative experience that combines academic education and vocational training. This project takes on the important mission of promoting integration between industry partners (enterprises) and colleges in order to optimize the country’s economic development through the modernization and reform of vocational education. The article examines the history of the implementation of the author’s Chinese model EPIP; the features of the modern practice of organizing the “Workshop” in different countries of the world are revealed. It is concluded that the possibility and expediency of projecting some provisions of the Chinese experience onto the area of searching for the development trajectory of the Russian project “Professionalism”.Рассмотрен китайский аналог федерального проекта «Профессионалитет» – «Luban Workshop» («Мастерская имени мастера Лу Бань»), который являет собой инновационный опыт, объединяющий академическое образование и профессионально-техническое обучение. Показана важная миссия данного проекта по продвижению интеграции между отраслевыми партнерами (предприятиями) и колледжами в целях оптимизации экономического развития страны на базе модернизации и реформирования профессионального образования. Исследуются вопросы истории реализации авторской китайской модели EPIP; выявляются особенности современной практики организации «Мастерской имени мастера Лу Бань» в разных странах мира. Сделан вывод о возможности и целесообразности проекции некоторых положений китайского опыта на область поисков траектории развития российского проекта «Профессионалитет»

Federal Program "Professionalitet" - Method of Closure of the Region's Staff Deficiency

В статье рассматриваются федеральная программа «Профессионалитет» как один из вариантов закрытия кадрового дефицита региона. Сопоставлены современные образовательные технологии и их результативность, представлены перспективные виды взаимодействий отраслевых партнеров и колледжей при реализации программы.The article considers the federal program "Professionalitet" as one of the options for closing the personnel shortage in the region. Modern educational technologies and their effectiveness are compared, promising types of interactions between industry partners and colleges in the implementation of the project are presented

High-purity solvent preparation technology for use in the manufacture of synthetic rubbers

A scheme of an industrial process for preparing a solvent by fractional distillation and catalytic hydrofining of the C5-C7 fraction on a reactivated spent platinum-alumina isomerization catalyst was proposed for use in the manufacture of ethylene-propylene-diene rubbers. The process allows a high efficiency of removal of trace sulfur-containing, unsaturated, and aromatic compounds from the solvent to be attained and several desired products to be simultaneously obtained. Copyright © 2005 by MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica"(Russia)

High-purity solvent preparation technology for use in the manufacture of synthetic rubbers

A technological flowsheet is proposed to obtain a solvent for synthetic rubber production. According to that flowsheet, a high-purity solvent is obtained by rectification and catalytic hydrofining of the C5-C8 fraction using a reactivated alumina-platinum isomerization catalyst. The new method makes it feasible to reach a high removal rate for such solvent microimpurities as sulfur-containing, unsaturated and aromatic compounds. It also makes it possible to obtain several target products at the same time. Such deep purification is the main advantage of the proposed method over currently known methods of producing polymerization solvents

Genesis of the structure and the phase and elemental compositions of an aluminum oxide catalyst in the isomerization process of n-butylenes

An investigation of the changes in the characteristics of the porous structure, phase, and elemental compositions of catalyst samples for the isomerization of n-butylenes using a set of physicochemical methods has been conducted. In has been established that under hydrothermal conditions of the isomerization process, aluminum oxide recrystallization takes place, resulting in a decrease of its specific surface value and a displacement of the maximum of the distribution of pore diameters to the region of greater values. A porous structure transformation scheme has been suggested while operating the isomerization catalyst for n-butylenes. It has been supposed that the partial phase change of γ-Al2O3 into δ-Al 2O3 occurring under industrial conditions of the isomerization of n-butylenes is caused by an accumulation of metal compound admixtures supplied with the feed flow. © 2009 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

The effectiveness of biofilm formation of daily cultures of clinically significant strains of opportunistic bacteria

Background. The formation of biofilm structures by microorganisms living in the hospital environment is a serious medical problem. To conduct correct experimental studies, it is necessary to know the speed and efficiency of biofilm formation by clinically significant species of opportunistic bacteria.   Aim: to study the kinetics of plankton culture growth and the rate of biofilm formation by clinically significant pathogens of infections associated with medical care to substantiate the methodology of further research.   Materials and methods. The strains from the working collection of the Laboratory for Microbiome and Microecology of the Scientific Сentre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems were used. Experiments were carried out with conditionally pathogenic microorganisms of the Enterobacteriaceae family and non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria. The optical density was measured, the total microbial number of the cell suspension was determined, and the morphological structure of the biofilm was evaluated using a light microscope on sterile cover glasses for thespecies Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens.   Results. The duration of the lag phase of the kinetic curve of cell growth varied in isolates of S. marcescens, P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae from 1 to 4 and 6 hours of cultivation, respectively. Despite this, the exponential growth phase was the same for all tested isolates and amounted to 4 hours. Thus, isolates of clinically significant species entered the stationary growth phase after 5–10 hours of cultivation and were characterized as fast-growing. On abiotic surfaces, after 8 hours of incubation of the tested cultures, the initial stages of the formation of biofilm structures were observed, after 20 hours the formed multilayer biofilm was visualized, after 24 hours succession occurred, new single cells were attached to the place of the detached structures.   Conclusion. The data obtained on the duration of the main stages of growth kinetics compared with the visualization of the formation of biofilm structures on abiotic surfaces should be taken into account when studying the effects of disinfectants, antiseptics and antibacterial drugs on planktonic cells and biofilm associations of clinically significant opportunistic microorganisms

Management of patients with persistent medically unexplained symptoms: a descriptive study

Background: In 2013 the Dutch guideline for management of medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) was published. The aim of this study is to assess medical care for patients with persistent MUS as recorded in their electronic medical records, to investigate if this is in line with the national guideline for persistent MUS and whether there are changes in care over time. Methods: We conducted an observational study of adult primary care patients with MUS. Routinely recorded health care data were extracted from electronic medical records of patients participating in an ongoing randomised controlled trial in 30 general practices in the Netherlands. Data on general practitioners’ (GPs’) management strategies during MUS consultations were collected in a 5-year period for each patient prior. Management strategies were categorised according to the options offered in the Dutch guideline. Changes in management over time were analysed. Results: Data were collected from 1035 MUS consultations (77 patients). Beside history-taking, the most frequently used diagnostic strategies were physical examination (24.5%) and additional investigations by the GP (11.1%). Frequently used therapeutic strategies were prescribing medication (24.6%) and providing explanations (11.2%). As MUS symptoms persisted, GPs adjusted medication, discussed progress and scheduled follow-up appointments more frequently. The least frequently used strategies were exploration of all complaint dimensions (i.e. somatic, cognitive, emotional, behavioural and social) (3.5%) and referral to a psychologist (0.5%) or psychiatrist (0.1%). Conclusions: Management of Dutch GPs is partly in line with the Dutch guideline. Medication was possibly prescribed more frequently than recommended, whereas exploration of all complaint dimensions, shared problem definition and referral to mental health care were used less

К вопросу об оценке нутритивного статуса недоношенных новорожденных детей

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) plays an important role in the energy balance of the newborn baby's body, is associated with protein stores, which allows us to consider its level as an indicator of nutritional status.Objective: to study the value of insulin-like growth factor 1 and basic nutrients in the blood in premature infants in the process of neonatal adaptation.Materials and methods. Dynamics blood levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 in premature newborns included two trends: decrease (1 group) and increase (2 group). During a pregnancy most mothers of newborns from 1 group had been nonspecific respiratory and urinary-sexual organs’sinfectious diseases, in mothers of newborns from 2 group prevailed disorders which carried high risk of fetal hypoxia. During a neonatal period blood levels of albumen of newborns from 1 group decreased and blood levels of glucose increased; blood levels of nutrients in newborns from 2 group did not change.Conclusions. Dynamics blood levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 in premature newborns are markers of metabolism’s processes which were originated in fetal stage and continue in the neonatal period.Инсулиноподобный фактор роста 1 (ИФР-1) играет важную роль в энергетическом балансе организма новорожденного ребенка, связан с запасами белка, что позволяет рассматривать его уровень как индикатор нутритивного статуса.Цель исследования: изучение значения содержания в крови инсулиноподобного фактора роста 1 и основных нутриентов у недоношенных детей в процессе неонатальной адаптации.Материалы и методы. У 39 недоношенных новорожденных детей дважды определялось содержание в крови инсулиноподобного фактора роста 1 (ИФР-1) и основных показателей нутритивного статуса (далее — исследуемых нутриентов). Среди этих детей выделена 1 группа, в которой отмечен первоначально относительно высокий уровень гормона с последующим его сниже-нием, 2 группу составили дети с противоположной динамикой данного показателя. В течение неонатального периода у детей 1 группы снижалось содержание альбуминов и повышалось с первоначально низких значений содержание глюкозы, тогда как у детей 2 группы эти показатели были относительно стабильны. Во время беременности у матерей новорожденных 1 группы чаще возникали острые или обострения хронических неспецифических инфекционных респираторных и урогенитальных заболеваний, а у матерей новорожденных 2 группы преобладали патологические состояния, обусловливавшие высокий риск хронической гипоксии плода.Выводы. Динамика уровня ИФР-1 в крови отражает определенные тренды метаболических процессов, формирование которых начинается антенатально и продолжается у преждевременно родившихся детей в периоде новорожденност