Justifying phytogenic feed additive matrix values in conjunction with exogenous feed enzymes

Phytogenic feed additives are purported to possess antimicrobial properties as well as nutrient sparing characteristics that may aid in alleviating high diet costs; however, in order for PFAs to assist nutritionists in decreasing diet cost, matrix values must be determined and implemented in feed formulation. Study 1 evaluated proposed matrix values for a commercially available PFA and assessed nutrient sparing when the product was combined with commercial phytase, carbohydrase and protease. The most remarkable proposed matrix values were 32.2 kcal/kg for metabolizable energy and 0.07% for both Ca and AP. The objective of Study 2 was to determine true amino acid digestibility (TAAD) and nitrogen corrected true metabolizable energy ( TMEn). Dietary treatments for both studies included a basal, basal with phytogenic product matrix value, basal with phytogenic product matrix value and phytogenic product, and similar treatments evaluating the phytogenic product matrix with exogenous enzyme products. Decreasing the basal diet by the proposed phytogenic matrix values decreased broiler live weight gain and increased feed conversion ratio (P≤0.05). However, when the same diet included the phytogenic feed additive, live weight gain and feed conversion ratio were restored to that of the basal diet (P\u3e0.05). The proposed matrix values of the specific PFA tested were justified. However, the PFA was not additive or synergistic with exogenous enzymes. Nitrogen corrected true metabolizable energy and TAAD data did not differ when the diets varied based on the PFA per se (P\u3e0.05). However, when the PFA was incorporated using proposed matrix values and used in conjunction with exogenous enzymes and their matrix values, TMEn and several tested TAAD values were decreased (P≤0.05). Mechanistic speculation for decreased nutrient digestibility may perhaps involve reductions in gut microflora due to the PFA as well as simultaneous reduction in substrate concentrations

Addressing Professional Competency Problems in Clinical Psychology Trainees

© 2017 The Australian Psychological Society Objective: Clinical psychology trainees with problems of professional competence (PPC) continue to be a challenge for courses. Despite the rapid development of competency-based training models, the impact of this shift to the identification and management of professional competency problems is unclear. This project aims to describe how clinical psychology trainees with PPC are identified and managed within the Australian and New Zealand context. Method: An online survey was distributed through Australian and New Zealand universities offering clinical psychology training programmes. Questions addressed approaches to monitoring progress on placements, identification and management of trainees determined to be underperforming on placements, and the perceived usefulness of a range of strategies such as the use of standardised-rating tools. Results: Thirty one responses were received, representing 40 clinical psychology training courses in 22 institutions across Australia and New Zealand. In all cases, at least one trainee with a PPC had been detected in the previous 5 years, most commonly attributed to psychological, behavioural, and developmental issues. Respondents reported the use of a range of preventive and remedial strategies, including the use of psychometrically validated competency evaluation rating forms to assist in the grading of placements. Conclusion: Trainees with PPC occur on a fairly regular basis in clinical psychology training courses in Australian and New Zealand. While some processes involved in the identification and management of these students have been refined and systematised, some opportunities to facilitate early identification and remediation may yet need further enhancement

Gender approaches to cybersecurity: design, defence and response

Cybersecurity en cybergovernanceSecurity and Global Affair

Experimental characterization of anti-icing system and accretion of re-emitted droplets on turbojet engine blades

In the framework of STORM, a European project dedicated to icing physics in aircraft engines, a cascade rig representative of an anti-iced engine inlet was tested in icing conditions. This mock-up integrates two rows of vanes, the upstream one being anti-iced using an Electro-Thermal Ice Protection System (ET-IPS). Experimental tests were performed to reproduce the following phenomena: runback water and droplet re-emission from anti-iced vanes, and accretion of re-emitted droplets on downstream vanes. A complete experimental database was generated, including the characterization of ice accretion shapes, and the characterization of electro-thermal anti-icing system (power limit for apparition of the runback water or ice accretion). In the current study, these data are compared to droplet trajectory simulation and ice accretion simulation results, for validating icing tools in engine environment. Influence of one-step and multi-step approaches have been investigated