High-frequency Oscillations in Small Magnetic Elements Observed with Sunrise/SuFI

We characterize waves in small magnetic elements and investigate their propagation in the lower solar atmosphere from observations at high spatial and temporal resolution. We use the wavelet transform to analyze oscillations of both horizontal displacement and intensity in magnetic bright points found in the 300 nm and the Ca II H 396.8 nm passbands of the filter imager on board the Sunrise balloon-borne solar observatory. Phase differences between the oscillations at the two atmospheric layers corresponding to the two passbands reveal upward propagating waves at high frequencies (up to 30 mHz). Weak signatures of standing as well as downward propagating waves are also obtained. Both compressible and incompressible (kink) waves are found in the small-scale magnetic features. The two types of waves have different, though overlapping, period distributions. Two independent estimates give a height difference of approximately 450+-100 km between the two atmospheric layers sampled by the employed spectral bands. This value, together with the determined short travel times of the transverse and longitudinal waves provide us with phase speeds of 29+-2 km/s and 31+-2 km/s, respectively. We speculate that these phase speeds may not reflect the true propagation speeds of the waves. Thus, effects such as the refraction of fast longitudinal waves may contribute to an overestimate of the phase speed.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure

Effects of gamma radiation and -20°C temperatures on the shelf life of Hilsa, Tenualosa ilisha (ham.-Buch. 1822)

The combined effect of radiation and refrigeration on the shelf life of hilsa, Tanualosa ilisha was studied by monitoring the microbiological, chemical and sensory changes of unirradiated and irradiated fish samples using low dose irradiation, doses of 300 krad, 600 krad and 900 krad. Irradiation (900 krad) dramatically reduced population of bacteria, namely total viable counts 48.850cfu per gm for unirradiated, 31.850cfu per gm and 19.600cfu per gm of 300 krad and 600 krad, respectively. The effect was more pronounced at the higher dose (900 krad), total viable count were 14.100cfu per gm. Another microbial indicator total mould counts (TMC) was 8.750cfu per gm, 6.350cfu per gm, and 19.600cfu per gm for 300 krad and 600 krad, respectively. The effect was more pronounced at the higher dose (900 krad) where total viable counts were 14,100cfu per gm. Total volatile nitrogen values increased slowly attaining a value of 101.02mgN per 100gm for unirradiated T. ilisha during refrigerated storage, whereas for irradiated fish, lower values of 71.13, 59.33 and 47.03mgN per 100gm muscle were recorded. Sensory evaluation showed a good correlation with bacterial populations on the basis of overall acceptability scores

Seismic Fragility of Substandard RC Frames with Soil-Structure Interaction Effects

Soil-structure interaction (SSI) has an essential role in the seismic risk assessment of existing structures. This aspect becomes even more critical in the case of seismically deficient structures on poor soil conditions. In this paper, the impact of SSI on the seismic fragility characteristics of a substandard reinforced concrete (RC) frame is investigated. First, an experimentally validated substandard RC frame is modelled as a case study building. The structural model is then paired with a soil model with two different homogeneous shear wave velocity profiles. A continuum finite element model approach is employed to model SSI, and the results are compared against the fixed-base (FB) model. The seismic fragility curves are generated using cloud analysis to highlight the impact of SSI on the seismic risk assessment for the considered structure and compare this with general guidance on explicit consideration of SSI

Relaxation dynamics of amorphous dibucaine using dielectric studies

Using broadband dielectric spectroscopy the molecular mobility of dibucaine is investigated in the supercooled liquid and gassy states, over a wide temperature range for some test frequencies. Above the glass transition temperature T-g, the presence of structural alpha- relaxation peak was observed due to the cooperative motions of the molecule and upon cooling frozen kinetically to form the glass. The secondary relaxation process was perceivable below T-g due to localized motions. The peak loss frequency of alpha-relaxation process shows non-Arrhenius behavior and obeys Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann equation over the measured temperature range whereas the beta- process shows Arrhenius behavior

Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Arenaria (Caryophyllaceae: tribe Arenarieae) and its allies inferred from nuclear DNA internal transcribed spacer and plastid DNA rps16 sequences

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/112194/1/boj12293.pd

Revealing the rich dynamics of glass-forming systems by modification of composition and change of thermodynamic conditions

Secondary relaxations have been classified into two types, depending on whether they are related to the structural alpha-relaxation in properties or not. Those secondary relaxations that are related to the a-relaxation may have fundamental importance, and are called the Johari–Goldstein (JG) ß-relaxations. Two polar molecular glass-formers, one flexible and another rigid, dissolved in apolar host with higher glass transition temperature are studied by broadband dielectric spectroscopy at ambient and elevated pressure. The neat flexible glassformer diethylphthalate (DEP) has a resolved secondary relaxation which, unlike the a-relaxation, is insensitive to pressure and hence is not the JG ß-relaxation. In the solution, the JG ß-relaxation of DEP shows up in experiment and its relaxation time tß is pressure and temperature dependent like ta. The result supports the universal presence of the JG ß-relaxation in all glass-formers, and the separation between ta and tß is determined by intermolecular interaction. The rigid glass-former is cyano-benzene (CNBz) and its secondary relaxation involves the entire molecule is necessarily the JG ß-relaxation. The dielectric relaxation spectra obtained at a number of combinations of pressure and temperature at constant ta show not only unchanged is the frequency dispersion of the a-relaxation but also tß. The remarkable results indicate that the JG ß-relaxation bears a strong connection to the alpha-relaxation, and the two relaxations are inseparablewhen considering the dynamics of glass-forming systems. Experimentally, tau_alpha has been found to be a function of the product variables, T/rho^gamma, where rho is the density and gamma is a material constant. From the invariance of the ratio, tau_alphaa/tau_ß, to change of thermodynamic conditions seen in our experiment as well in other systems, it follows that tß is also a function of T/rho^gamma, with the same gamma at least approximately. Since the JG ß-relaxation is the precursor of the a-relaxation, causality implies that the T/rho^gamma-dependence originates from the JG ß-relaxation and is passed on to the alpha-relaxation

Impacts of EMC effects on the D meson modification factor in equilibrating QGP

In this article we employ the nuclear EMC effect to extract the parton distribution functions (PDFs) inside the Lead (Pb) and Gold (Au) nuclei. Extracted PDFs are utilized to obtain the transverse momentum dependent (TMD) ones, using the computing codes like Pythia 8 or MCFM-10. Through this procedure TMDPDFs for charm and bottom quarks in Au at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200\;GeV$, Pb at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76\;TeV$ and $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02\;TeV$ are calculated. To evaluate the validity of results and investigate the influence of nuclear EMC effect, the numerated TMDs are used as input to estimate heavy quark modification factor $R_{AA}$ at transverse plane $P_T$. This observable is calculated through numerical solution of the Fokker-Planck equation. For this purpose we need to extract the drag and diffusion coefficients, using the hard thermal loop correction. It is done in the frame work of the relativistic hydrodynamics up to the third order approximation of gradient expansion. The results are compared with same solutions when the input PFDs are considered inside the unbounded protons where the nuclear effect is not included. The comparison indicates a significant improvement of computed $R_{AA}$ with available experimental data when the EMC effect is considered.Comment: 16 pages 6 figures 1 table

Population Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Fesoterodine in Pediatric Patients with Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Fesoterodine is a muscarinic receptor antagonist approved for the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) in adults and neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) in pediatric patients. This work aimed to characterize the population pharmacokinetics of 5-hydroxymethyl tolterodine (5-HMT, the active metabolite of fesoterodine) and its pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship in pediatric patients with OAB or NDO following administration of fesoterodine. METHODS: 5-HMT plasma concentrations from 142 participants of age ≥ 6 years were analyzed, and a nonlinear mixed-effects model was developed. Weight-based simulations of 5-HMT exposure and maximum cystometric capacity (MCC) were conducted using the final models. RESULTS: A one-compartment model with first-order absorption and a lag time, which included the effects of body weight, sex, cytochrome (CYP) 2D6 metabolizer status and fesoterodine formulation on pharmacokinetic parameters, best described the 5-HMT pharmacokinetics. An E CONCLUSIONS: Population models were developed for 5-HMT and MCC in pediatric patients. Weight-based simulations indicated that 4 mg QD for pediatric patients weighing 25-35 kg and 8 mg QD for those weighing \u3e 35 kg provided similar exposures to those in adults following 8 mg QD and a clinically meaningful CFB MCC. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBERS: NCT00857896, NCT01557244

A new taxonomic backbone for the infrageneric classification of the species‐rich genus Silene (Caryophyllaceae)

The systematization of species in plant taxonomy based on the phylogenetic relationships among them are of utmost importance and also very challenging in large genera. In those, phylogenetic results often may suggest substantially different relationships than previous classifications, and call for large‐scale taxonomic revisions. Delimitation of the genus Silene has been and is still somewhat controversial, and recent molecular phylogenetic studies have settled several monophyletic groups that differ substantially from previous taxonomies. The infrageneric taxonomy of Silene s.str. has not been updated as a whole taking the phylogenetic information into account. In this study, we review previous phylogenetic results based on multiple loci, and conducted comprehensive gene tree analyses based on the nrDNA ITS and cpDNA rps16 regions for 1586 and 944 samples representing 415 and 397 species, respectively, including Silene and its allies, as well as a species tree analysis including 262 samples representing 243 species. We sampled representatives from all 44 sections recognized in the most recent global revision of the genus. The results support the recognition of three subgenera, i.e., S. subg. Behenantha, S. subg. Lychnis and S. subg. Silene, which is partly in agreement with previous molecular phylogenetic findings and contradicts all previous traditional classifications. Silene sect. Atocion, with a few annual species showing a narrow distribution range in the eastern Mediterranean, is treated as incertae sedis because of its uncertain phylogenetic position, possibly due to exceptionally high substitution rates. Silene subg. Lychnis, weakly supported as sister to the other subgenera, splits into three main clades and includes four sections. Silene subg. Behenantha, which forms a possible sister group in relation to S. subg. Silene, is poorly resolved basally and includes a large number of mostly small clades recognized as 18 sections. In S. subg. Silene, 11 sections are recognized, among which four are broadly circumscribed: S. sect. Auriculatae, S. sect. Sclerocalycinae, S. sect. Silene and S. sect. Siphonomorpha. Silene sect. Acutifoliae and S. sect. Portenses are described here as new taxa, whereas new status or new combinations are proposed for S. sect. Anotites, S. sect. Muscipula, S. sect. Petrocoma, S. sect. Pulvinatae, S. sect. Sclerophyllae and S. sect. Uebelinia. Five new combinations and two new names are proposed for taxa in Silene formerly assigned to Lychnis and Uebelinia. The correct infrageneric nomenclature compatible with the new infrageneric system is provided along with synonymy and type citations. Shortcomings of this study, such as the lack of a morphological diagnostic key and sparse sampling of some large sections, are listed and discussed.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156144/5/tax12230.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156144/4/tax12230-sup-0006-Supinfo06.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156144/3/tax12230-sup-0001-Supinfo01.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156144/2/tax12230-sup-0007-FigureS1.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156144/1/tax12230_am.pd

Envisioning Yoga Therapy as A Stride towards Successful Ageing

Geriatric Social Work is becoming ostensibly crucial in contemporary times. The modes and modalities being discussed in strengthening geriatric well-being deserve mammoth attention. In this context, Yoga Therapy is being envisioned as one among the strides towards Successful Ageing. The practice of Yoga in India can be traced to thousands of years back and has rolled down to generations through innumerable strategies. Yoga is considered as a practical philosophy that facilitates people to improve their Quality of Life. It is a discipline that has evolved in response to the problems in contemporary society without losing its true essence. Research in the field of Yoga Therapy advocates it to be the best means to ensure the quality living, especially in old age. Yoga helps to mitigate, alleviate, and reverse many of the geriatric problems, both physical and mental. The proposed paper is based on an experimental study conducted among elderly people in Kerala. The paper describes Yoga in its essence based on Patanjaly Yoga Sutra thereby scientifically analyzing its effect on our body. It emphasizes the practicality for quality living in old age and provides suggestions for successful ageing.