92 research outputs found
Scaling in a SU(2)/Z_3 model of cosmic superstring networks
Motivated by recent developments in superstring theory in the cosmological
context, we examine a field theory which contains string networks with 3-way
junctions. We perform numerical simulations of this model, identify the length
scales of the network that forms, and provide evidence that the length scales
tend towards a scaling regime, growing in proportion to time. We infer that the
presence of junctions does not in itself cause a superstring network to
dominate the energy density of the early Universe.Comment: 12pp, 3 fig
A model realisation of the Jaffe-Wilczek correlation for pentaquarks
We discuss a realisation of the pentaquark structure proposed by Jaffe and
Wilczek within a simple quark model with colour-spin contact interactions and
coloured harmonic confinement, which accurately describes the
splitting. In this model spatially compact diquarks are formed in the
pentaquark but no such compact object exists in the nucleon. The colour-spin
attraction brings the Jaffe-Wilczek-like state down to a low mass, compatible
with the experimental observation and below that of the naive ground state with
all -waves. We find, however, that although these trends are maintained, the
extreme effects observed do not survive the required ``smearing'' of the delta
function contact interaction. We also demonstrate the weakness of the
``schematic'' approximation when applied to a system containing a -wave. An
estimate of the anti-charmed pentaquark mass is made which is in line with the
Jaffe-Wilczek prediction and significantly less than the value reported by the
H1 collaboration.Comment: 10 pages, uses psfra
Recommended from our members
Processes maintaining tropopause sharpness in numerical models
Recent work has shown that the sharpness of the extratropical tropopause declines with lead
15 time in numerical weather prediction models, indicating an imbalance between processes act16
ing to sharpen and smooth the tropopause. In this study the systematic effects of processes
17 contributing to the tropopause sharpness are investigated using daily initialised forecasts
18 run with the Met Office Unified Model over a three-month winter period. Artificial tracers,
19 each forced by the potential vorticity tendency due to a different model process, are used
20 to separate the effects of such processes. The advection scheme is shown to result in an ex21
ponential decay of tropopause sharpness towards a finite value at short lead times with a
22 timescale of 20-24 hours. The systematic effect of non-conservative processes is to sharpen
23 the tropopause, consistent with previous case studies. The decay of tropopause sharpness
24 due to the advection scheme is stronger than the sharpening effect of non-conservative pro25
cesses leading to a systematic decline in tropopause sharpness with forecast lead time. The
26 systematic forecast errors in tropopause-level potential vorticity are comparable to the inte27
grated tendencies of the parametrized physical processes suggesting that the systematic error
28 in tropopause sharpness could be significantly reduced through realistic adjustments to the
29 model parametrization schemes
Assessment of the benefits of user involvement in health research from the Warwick Diabetes Care Research User Group : a qualitative case study
Objectiveâ
To assess the benefits of involving health-care users in diabetes research. Design and participantsâ
For this qualitative case study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with researchers who had worked extensively with the group. During regular meetings of the Research User Group, members discussed their views of the group's effectiveness as part of the meeting's agenda. Interviews and discussions were transcribed, coded using N-Vivo software and analysed using constant comparative methods. Resultsâ
Involvement of users in research was generally seen as contributing to effective and meaningful research. However, the group should not be considered to be representative of the patient population or participants of future trials. An important contributor to the group's success was its longstanding nature, enabling users to gain more insight into research and form constructive working relationships with researchers. The user-led nature of the group asserted itself, especially, in the language used during group meetings. A partial shift of power from researchers to users was generally acknowledged. Users' main contribution was their practical expertise in living with diabetes, but their involvement also helped researchers to remain connected to the `real world' in which research would be applied. While the group's work fulfilled established principles of consumer involvement in research, important contributions relying on personal interaction between users and researchers were hard to evaluate by process measures alone. Conclusionsâ
We demonstrated the feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness of this longstanding, experienced, lay-led research advisory group. Its impact on research stems from the continuing interaction between researchers and users, and the general ethos of learning from each other in an on-going process. Both process measures and qualitative interviews with stakeholders are needed to evaluate the contributions of service users to health research
Scaling solutions and geodesics in moduli space
In this paper we consider cosmological scaling solutions in general
relativity coupled to scalar fields with a non-trivial moduli space metric. We
discover that the scaling property of the cosmology is synonymous with the
scalar fields tracing out a particular class of geodesics in moduli space -
those which are constructed as integral curves of the gradient of the log of
the potential. Given a generic scalar potential we explicitly construct a
moduli metric that allows scaling solutions, and we show the converse - how one
can construct a potential that allows scaling once the moduli metric is known.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure
Gravitating Fluxbranes
We consider the effect that gravity has when one tries to set up a constant
background form field. We find that in analogy with the Melvin solution, where
magnetic field lines self-gravitate to form a flux-tube, the self-gravity of
the form field creates fluxbranes. Several exact solutions are found
corresponding to different transverse spaces and world-volumes, a dilaton
coupling is also considered.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure
Inflaton Fragmentation and Oscillon Formation in Three Dimensions
Analytical arguments suggest that a large class of scalar field potentials
permit the existence of oscillons -- pseudo-stable, non-topological solitons --
in three spatial dimensions. In this paper we numerically explore oscillon
solutions in three dimensions. We confirm the existence of these field
configurations as solutions to the Klein-Gorden equation in an expanding
background, and verify the predictions of Amin and Shirokoff for the
characteristics of individual oscillons for their model. Further, we
demonstrate that significant numbers of oscillons can be generated via
fragmentation of the inflaton condensate, consistent with the analysis of Amin.
These emergent oscillons can easily dominate the post-inflationary universe.
Finally, both analytic and numerical results suggest that oscillons are stable
on timescales longer than the post-inflationary Hubble time. Consequently, the
post-inflationary universe can contain an effective matter-dominated phase,
during which it is dominated by localized concentrations of scalar field
matter.Comment: See http://easther.physics.yale.edu/downloads.html for numerical
codes. Visualizations available at http://www.mit.edu/~mamin/oscillons.html
and http://easther.physics.yale.edu/fields.html V2 Minor fixes to reference
lis
Adiabatic and isocurvature perturbation projections in multi-field inflation
Current data are in good agreement with the predictions of single field inflation. However, the hemispherical asymmetry seen in the cosmic microwave background data, may hint at a potential problem. Generalizing to multi-field models may provide one possible explanation. A useful way of modeling perturbations in multi-field inflation is to investigate the projection of the perturbation along and perpendicular to the background fields' trajectory. These correspond to the adiabatic and isocurvature perturbations. However, it is important to note that in general there are no corresponding adiabatic and isocurvature fields. The purpose of this article is to highlight the distinction between a field redefinition and a perturbation projection. We provide a detailed derivation of the evolution of the isocurvature perturbation to show that no assumption of an adiabatic or isocurvature field is needed. We also show how this evolution equation is consistent with the field covariant evolution equations for the isocurvature perturbation in the flat field space limit
Fluxbranes from p-branes
It is shown how magnetic fluxbrane, Fp-brane, solutions are related to
electric black p-branes by analytic continuation. Viewing the transverse space
of branes as a warped cone, one finds that the cone base of the p-brane becomes
the world-volume of the F(D-p-3)-brane and the world volume of the p-brane
becomes the cone base of the F(D-p-3)-brane. An explicit example of the
correspondence is given for a 2-brane and F6-brane of 11D supergravity.Comment: 7 pages, no figure
Coleman meets Schwinger
It is well known that spherical D-branes are nucleated in the presence of an
external RR electric field. Using the description of D-branes as solitons of
the tachyon field on non-BPS D-branes, we show that the brane nucleation
process can be seen as the decay of the tachyon false vacuum. This process can
describe the decay of flux-branes in string theory or the decay of quintessence
potentials arising in flux compactifications.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
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