1,214 research outputs found
Remnant Fermi Surfaces in Photoemission
Recent experiments have introduced a new concept for analyzing the
photoemission spectra of correlated electrons -- the remnant Fermi surface
(rFs), which can be measured even in systems which lack a conventional Fermi
surface. Here, we analyze the rFs in a number of interacting electron models,
and find that the results fall into two classes. For systems with pairing
instabilities, the rFs is an accurate replica of the true Fermi surface. In the
presence of nesting instabilities, the rFs is a map of the resulting
superlattice Brillouin zone. The results suggest that the gap in Ca_2CuO_2Cl_2
is of nesting origin.Comment: 4 pages LaTex, 3 ps figure
Paramagnon-induced dispersion anomalies in the cuprates
We report the self-energy associated with RPA magnetic susceptibility in the
hole-doped Bi_2Sr_2CuO_6 (Bi2201) and the electron-doped Nd_{2-x}Ce_xCuO_4
(NCCO) in the overdoped regime within the framework of a one-band Hubbard
model. Strong weight is found in the magnetic spectrum around (pi, 0) at about
360 meV in Bi2201 and 640 meV in NCCO, which yields dispersion anomalies in
accord with the recently observed `waterfall' effects in the cuprates.Comment: Submitted to PRL, Dec. 21, 2006; 4 eps figures, revte
Bridging k- and q- Space in the Cuprates: Comparing ARPES and STM Results
A critical comparison is made between the ARPES-derived spectral function and
STM studies of Friedel-like oscillations in Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_{8+delta} (Bi2212).
The data can be made approximately consistent, provided that (a) the elastic
scattering seen in ARPES is predominantly small-angle scattering and (b) the
`peak' feature seen in ARPES is really a dispersive `bright spot', smeared into
a line by limited energy resolution; these are the `bright spots' which control
the quasiparticle interferences. However, there is no indication of bilayer
splitting in the STM data.Comment: 6 eps figures, revte
A competing order scenario of two-gap behavior in hole doped cuprates
Angle-dependent studies of the gap function provide evidence for the
coexistence of two distinct gaps in hole doped cuprates, where the gap near the
nodal direction scales with the superconducting transition temperature ,
while that in the antinodal direction scales with the pseudogap temperature. We
present model calculations which show that most of the characteristic features
observed in the recent angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) as
well as scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) two-gap studies are consistent with
a scenario in which the pseudogap has a non-superconducting origin in a
competing phase. Our analysis indicates that, near optimal doping,
superconductivity can quench the competing order at low temperatures, and that
some of the key differences observed between the STM and ARPES results can give
insight into the superlattice symmetry of the competing order.Comment: 9 pages, 7 fig
Pinned Balseiro-Falicov Model of Tunneling and Photoemission in the Cuprates
The smooth evolution of the tunneling gap of Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_8 with doping
from a pseudogap state in the underdoped cuprates to a superconducting state at
optimal and overdoping, has been interpreted as evidence that the pseudogap
must be due to precursor pairing. We suggest an alternative explanation, that
the smoothness reflects a hidden SO(N) symmetry near the (pi,0) points of the
Brillouin zone (with N = 3, 4, 5, or 6). Because of this symmetry, the
pseudogap could actually be due to any of a number of nesting instabilities,
including charge or spin density waves or more exotic phases. We present a
detailed analysis of this competition for one particular model: the pinned
Balseiro-Falicov model of competing charge density wave and (s-wave)
superconductivity. We show that most of the anomalous features of both
tunneling and photoemission follow naturally from the model, including the
smooth crossover, the general shape of the pseudogap phase diagram, the
shrinking Fermi surface of the pseudogap phase, and the asymmetry of the
tunneling gap away from optimal doping. Below T_c, the sharp peak at Delta_1
and the dip seen in the tunneling and photoemission near 2Delta_1 cannot be
described in detail by this model, but we suggest a simple generalization to
account for inhomogeneity, which does provide an adequate description. We show
that it should be possible, with a combination of photoemission and tunneling,
to demonstrate the extent of pinning of the Fermi level to the Van Hove
singularity. A preliminary analysis of the data suggests pinning in the
underdoped, but not in the overdoped regime.Comment: 18 pages LaTeX, 26 ps. figure
Structural, magnetic, dielectric and mechanical properties of (Ba,Sr)MnO ceramics
Ceramic samples, produced by conventional sintering method in ambient air,
6H-SrMnO(6H-SMO), 15R-BaMnO(15R-BMO),
4H-BaSrMnO(4H-BSMO) were studied. In the XRD measurements
for SMO the new anomalies of the lattice parameters at 600-800 K range and the
increasing of thermal expansion coefficients with a clear maximum in a vicinity
at 670 K were detected. The Nel phase transition for BSMO was
observed at =250 K in magnetic measurements and its trace was detected in
dielectric, FTIR, DSC, and DMA experiments. The enthalpy and entropy changes of
the phase transition for BSMO at were determined as 17.5 J/mol and 70
mJ/K mol, respectively. The activation energy values and relaxation times
characteristic for relaxation processes were determined from the Arrhenius law.
Results of ab initio simulations showed that the contribution of the exchange
correlation energy to the total energy is about 30%.Comment: 12 pages, 12 figure
Stripes, Pseudogaps, and Van Hove Nesting in the Three-band tJ Model
Slave boson calculations have been carried out in the three-band tJ model for
the high-T_c cuprates, with the inclusion of coupling to oxygen breathing mode
phonons. Phonon-induced Van Hove nesting leads to a phase separation between a
hole-doped domain and a (magnetic) domain near half filling, with long-range
Coulomb forces limiting the separation to a nanoscopic scale. Strong
correlation effects pin the Fermi level close to, but not precisely at the Van
Hove singularity (VHS), which can enhance the tendency to phase separation. The
resulting dispersions have been calculated, both in the uniform phases and in
the phase separated regime. In the latter case, distinctly different
dispersions are found for large, random domains and for regular (static)
striped arrays, and a hypothetical form is presented for dynamic striped
arrays. The doping dependence of the latter is found to provide an excellent
description of photoemission and thermodynamic experiments on pseudogap
formation in underdoped cuprates. In particular, the multiplicity of observed
gaps is explained as a combination of flux phase plus charge density wave (CDW)
gaps along with a superconducting gap. The largest gap is associated with VHS
nesting. The apparent smooth evolution of this gap with doping masks a
crossover from CDW-like effects near optimal doping to magnetic effects (flux
phase) near half filling. A crossover from large Fermi surface to hole pockets
with increased underdoping is found. In the weakly overdoped regime, the CDW
undergoes a quantum phase transition (), which could be obscured
by phase separation.Comment: 15 pages, Latex, 18 PS figures Corrects a sign error: major changes,
esp. in Sect. 3, Figs 1-4,6 replace
Dispersion of Ordered Stripe Phases in the Cuprates
A phase separation model is presented for the stripe phase of the cuprates,
which allows the doping dependence of the photoemission spectra to be
calculated. The idealized limit of a well-ordered array of magnetic and charged
stripes is analyzed, including effects of long-range Coulomb repulsion.
Remarkably, down to the limit of two-cell wide stripes, the dispersion can be
interpreted as essentially a superposition of the two end-phase dispersions,
with superposed minigaps associated with the lattice periodicity. The largest
minigap falls near the Fermi level; it can be enhanced by proximity to a (bulk)
Van Hove singularity. The calculated spectra are dominated by two features --
this charge stripe minigap plus the magnetic stripe Hubbard gap. There is a
strong correlation between these two features and the experimental
photoemission results of a two-peak dispersion in LaSrCuO, and
the peak-dip-hump spectra in BiSrCaCuO. The
differences are suggestive of the role of increasing stripe fluctuations. The
1/8 anomaly is associated with a quantum critical point, here expressed as a
percolation-like crossover. A model is proposed for the limiting minority
magnetic phase as an isolated two-leg ladder.Comment: 24 pages, 26 PS figure
Comparative evaluation of image reconstruction methods for the siemens PET-MR scanner using the stir library
With the introduction of Positron Emission Tomography - Magnetic Resonance (PET-MR) scanners the development of new algorithms and the comparison of the performance of different iterative reconstruction algorithms and the characteristics of the reconstructed images data is relevant. In this work, we perform a quantitative assessment of the currently used ordered subset (OS) algorithms for low-counts PET-MR data taken from a Siemens Biograph mMR scanner using the Software for Tomographic Image Reconstruction (STIR, stir.sf.net). A comparison has been performed in terms of bias and coefficient of variation (CoV). Within the STIR library different algorithms are available, such as Order Subsets Expectation Maximization (OSEM), OS Maximum A Posteriori One Step Late (OSMAPOSL) with Quadratic Prior (QP) and with Median Root Prior (MRP), OS Separable Paraboloidal Surrogate (OSSPS) with QP and Filtered Back-Projection (FBP). In addition, List Mode (LM) reconstruction is available. Corrections for attenuation, scatter and random events are performed using STIR instead of using the scanner. Data from the Hoffman brain phantom are acquired, processed and reconstructed. Clinical data from the thorax of a patient have also been reconstructed with the same algorithms. The number of subsets does not appreciably affect the bias nor the coefficient of variation (CoV=11%) at a fixed sub-iteration number. The percentage relative bias and CoV maximum values for OSMAPOSL-MRP are 10% and 15% at 360 s acquisition and 12% and 15% for the 36 s, whilst for OSMAPOSL-QP they are 6% and 16% for 360 s acquisition and 11% and 23% at 36 s and for OSEM 6% and 11% for the 360 s acquisition and 10% and 15% for the 36 s. Our findings demonstrate that when it comes to low-counts, noise and bias become significant. The methodology for reconstructing Siemens mMR data with STIR is included in the CCP-PET-MR website
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