Challenges in Implementation of Early Childhood Education in Nigeria: The Way Forward

Early Childhood Education (ECE) comprises essential programmes and activities which are critical to holistic development, academic success and future achievements of children. ECE is recognised by the federal government of Nigeria as a foundational and essential programme that Nigerian children must experience. This is why the government has given highly rated attention to it through various interventions that include formulation of policy documents and network of relationships among different sectors. Unfortunately, various challenges are facing the implementation of ECE in Nigeria. This paper examines the challenges that are militating against this important early education in pre-primary schools. Some practical ways to overcome the challenges are provided. Keywords: early years, early childhood education, challenges, implementatio

RESPONSES OF UPLAND RICE TO TILLAGE, SEEDING METHOD AND SPACING IN THE INLAND VALLEY OF RAINFOREST/SAVANNA TRANSITORY ZONE OF NIGERIA

Two field trials were conducted at Abeokuta and Ibadan with the aim of investigating the performance of upland rice (NERICAª¤¢î 2) in inland valley Rainforest / Savannah transitory zone of South West Nige-ria as influenced by tillage practise, seeding method and spacing. The trials were arranged in split-split plot fitted to randomised completely blocked design, replicated thrice. The main plot was tillage (minimum tillage and conventional); sub-plot was seeding method (dry dibble and transplanting) and the sub-sub plot was spacing (15 cm ªª? 15 cm, 20 cm ªª? 20 cm and 25 cm ªª? 25 cm). Dry dibble had significantly more number of tillers, leaf area index and dry matter accumulation than transplanted rice at both locations. Most growth parameters, at both locations had a significant increase with increasing plant population density, except dry matter accumulation. At both locations, transplanted rice had a significant longer flowering and maturity duration than dibble method. In Abeokuta, conventional tillage had significantly longer panicle length than minimum tillage. Dry dibble method had significantly more number of panicle/m2 at Abeokuta, while significantly more number of grains/panicle was observed at Ibadan than transplanting. Increasing plant population density significantly depressed some yield com-ponents and yield at Ibadan

RESPONSES OF UPLAND RICE TO TILLAGE, SEEDING METHOD AND SPACING IN THE INLAND VALLEY OF RAINFOREST/SAVANNA TRANSITORY

Two field trials were conducted at Abeokuta and Ibadan with the aim of investigating the performance of upland rice (NERICA® 2) in inland valley Rainforest / Savannah transitory zone of South West Nigeria as influenced by tillage practise, seeding method and spacing. The trials were arranged in split-split plot fitted to randomised completely blocked design, replicated thrice. The main plot was tillage (minimum tillage and conventional); sub-plot was seeding method (dry dibble and transplanting) andthe sub-sub plot was spacing (15 cm × 15 cm, 20 cm × 20 cm and 25 cm × 25 cm). Dry dibble had significantly more number of tillers, leaf area index and dry matter accumulation than transplanted rice at both locations. Most growth parameters, at both locations had a significant increase with increasingplant population density, except dry matter accumulation. At both locations, transplanted rice had a significant longer flowering and maturity duration than dibble method. In Abeokuta, conventional tillage had significantly longer panicle length than minimum tillage. Dry dibble method had significantly more number of panicle/m2 at Abeokuta, while significantly more number of grains/panicle was observed at Ibadan than transplanting. Increasing plant population density significantly depressed some yield components and yield at Ibadan

The Unknown Risk of Vertical Transmission in Sleeping Sickness—A Literature Review

Children with human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) present with a range of generally non-specific symptoms. Late diagnosis is frequent with often tragic outcomes. Trypanosomes can infect the foetus by crossing the placenta. Unequivocal cases of congenital infection that have been reported include newborn babies of infected mothers who were diagnosed with HAT in the first 5 days of life and children of infected mothers who had never entered an endemic country themselves

EFFECTIVENESS OF GEOPHYSICAL ASSESSMENT OF BOREHOLES DRILLED IN BASEMENT COMPLEX TERRAIN AT AFE BABALOLA UNIVERSITY, USING ELECTROMAGNETIC (E.M.) METHOD

In this research, an Electromagnetic (E.M) method of groundwater investigations was used as an on-spot assessment tool to test the integrity of the developed borehole in Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti. Some randomly selected functional and abandoned boreholes developed by the Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) methods were chosen for this study, with the aim to know the potential of the boreholes. Four transverses were established across the institution consisting of two functional and two abandoned boreholes selected from the existing forty boreholes. These were subjected to E.M method of groundwater investigation using a PQWT S500 series machines. The results obtained from this study produced curve graphs and subsurface profile maps of each transverse location. It was observed that boreholes TR 1 and TR 3, were accurately sited on vertical fractures and weathered formations while TR 2 and TR 4 were wrongly sited at the locations of poor groundwater yielding zone