66 research outputs found

    Numerical study of the normal current density behaviour in a narrow - gap glow discharge

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    A numerical study of normal glow discharge properties was performed in the case of small electrodes separations (0.05-0.4 cm) and moderate gas pressures (10-46 Torr). A recently observed new experimental effect of a considerable reduction in the normal current density for smaller discharge lengths was analyzed both by means of 2D fluid model and by a minimal 1D drift model of gas discharge. A good agreement between theoretical and experimental behaviour was demonstrated. An influence of the electrodes separation and of the gas heating on the value of the normal current density is discussed.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figure

    Chinese-chi and Kundalini yoga Meditations Effects on the Autonomic Nervous System: Comparative Study

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    Cardiac disease is one of the major causes for death all over the world. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a significant parameter that used in assessing Autonomous Nervous System (ANS) activity. Generally, the 2D Poincareβ€² plot and 3D PoincarΓ© plot of the HRV signals reflect the effect of different external stimuli on the ANS. Meditation is one of such external stimulus, which has different techniques with different types of effects on the ANS. Chinese Chi-meditation and Kundalini yoga are two different effective meditation techniques. The current work is interested with the analysis of the HRV signals under the effect of these two based on meditation techniques. The 2D and 3D Poincareβ€² plots are generally plotted by fitting respectively an ellipse/ellipsoid to the dense region of the constructed Poincareβ€² plot of HRV signals. However, the 2D and 3D PoincarΓ© plots sometimes fail to describe the proper behaviour of the system. Thus in this study, a three-dimensional frequency-delay plot is proposed to properly distinguish these two famous meditation techniques by analyzing their effects on ANS. This proposed 3D frequency-delay plot is applied on HRV signals of eight persons practicing same Chi-meditation and four other persons practising same Kundalini yoga. To substantiate the result for larger sample of data, statistical Student t-test is applied, which shows a satisfactory result in this context. The experimental results established that the Chi-meditation has large impact on the HRV compared to the Kundalini yoga

    Metabolic syndrome severity score: range and associations with cardiovascular risk factors

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    Introduction: Metabolic Syndrome Severity Score (MSSS) is a new clinical prediction rule (CPR) for diagnostic and therapeutic decisions and employs available components (sex, age, race, systolic blood pressure, waistline circumference, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides and fasting blood glucose). The aim of our work was to perform cross-sectional pilot trial on middle-aged healthy volunteers and patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for studying feasibility and implementation of MSSS and its associations with cardiovascular risk factors.Material and methods: We approached 64 eligible participants from Bulgaria. The MSSS values, together with demographic, anthropometric, medical history, laboratory findings, CVD risk factors, QRISK2 score for 10-year cardiovascular risk and predicted heart age, were analysed. Descriptive statistics with tests for comparison (e.g., t-test, c2) between groups as well as ANOVA and logistic regression were applied. Results: We analysed data from 56 participants (aged 50.11 Β±3.43 years). The MSSS was higher in MetS patients (including 6 T2DM patients) than in controls (n = 29; 51.8%) presented as percentiles (69.97% and 34.41%, respectively) and z-scores (0.60 and –0.45, respectively) (p < 0.05). The logistic regression model of MSSS indicated a positive association with MetS/T2DM cases (correctness > 85%, p < 0.01). For further validation purposes, positive correlations of MSSS with CVDrisk factor as diastolic blood pressure (Rho = 0.399; p < 0.003) and QRISK2 score (Rho = 0.524; p < 0.001) or predicted heart age (Rho = 0.368; p < 0.007) were also found.Conclusions: The pilot study of MSSS in Bulgaria indicated feasibility and consistency of its implementation among patients with metabolic syndrome and/or T2DM and healthy volunteers

    Direct Classification of Type 2 Diabetes From Retinal Fundus Images in a Population-based Sample From The Maastricht Study

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    Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder that can lead to blindness and cardiovascular disease. Information about early stage T2D might be present in retinal fundus images, but to what extent these images can be used for a screening setting is still unknown. In this study, deep neural networks were employed to differentiate between fundus images from individuals with and without T2D. We investigated three methods to achieve high classification performance, measured by the area under the receiver operating curve (ROC-AUC). A multi-target learning approach to simultaneously output retinal biomarkers as well as T2D works best (AUC = 0.746 [Β±\pm0.001]). Furthermore, the classification performance can be improved when images with high prediction uncertainty are referred to a specialist. We also show that the combination of images of the left and right eye per individual can further improve the classification performance (AUC = 0.758 [Β±\pm0.003]), using a simple averaging approach. The results are promising, suggesting the feasibility of screening for T2D from retinal fundus images.Comment: to be published in the proceeding of SPIE - Medical Imaging 2020, 6 pages, 1 figur

    Notes on phytosociology of Juniperus excelsa in Macedonia (southern Balkan Peninsula)

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    Juniperus excelsa is an East Mediterranean species found also in marginal, sub-mediterranean regions of the southern part of the Balkan Peninsula. It prefers shallow soils in the warmest habitats of the zone of thermophilous deciduous forests. In the past the rank of alliance and the name of Juniperion excelsae-foetidissimae have been suggested for the vegetation dominated by Juniperus excelsa in the Balkan Peninsula. In this paper we present the valid description of the alliance in accordance with the International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature. The validation of the Juniperion excelsae-foetidissimae required description of a new association - the Querco trojanae-Juniperetum excelsae. The Juniperion excelsae-foetidissimae is classified within the order of Quercetalia pubescentis Klika 1933 (the Quercetea pubescentis Doing-Kraft ex Scamoni et Passarge 1959)

    Foreign affairs strategy of the Republic of Macedonia from 2006 to 2015

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    Π‘Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜Π° спољнС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ… Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π° прСдставља ΠΈ Π΄Π°Ρ™Π΅ ΠΎΡ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ‚ којим сС Π΄ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄ пСдСсСт Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° Π±Π°Π²Π΅ Π½Π°Ρ˜ΠΈΡΡ‚Π°ΠΊΠ½ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈΡ˜ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ… односа ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ Π±ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ свСобухватан ΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡšΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ‚: Π”Π° Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅ Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ˜Ρƒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ Π΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡƒΡ˜Ρƒ ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜Ρƒ спољнС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅?; Π£ којој ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅ Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅ Ρƒ саврСмСним ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ односима ΡƒΡΠΏΠ΅Π²Π°Ρ˜Ρƒ Π΄Π° ΠΊΡ€Π΅ΠΈΡ€Π°Ρ˜Ρƒ ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜Ρƒ спољнС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ која јС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ»Π°Π³ΠΎΡ’Π΅Π½Π° ΡšΠΈΡ…ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ сувСрСним ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΈ рСсурсима који ΠΈΠΌ ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ˜Π΅ Π½Π° Ρ€Π°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡšΡƒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ нСзависним Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π°ΠΌΠ°?; Колико су ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ спољнС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ… Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π° дСтСрминисанС ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜Π°ΠΌΠ° спољнС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ™Π° којС су Ρƒ ΡšΠΈΡ…ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ΡšΡƒ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΈ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈΡ… сила?; Π”Π° Π»ΠΈ ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜Π° спољнС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ… Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π° прСвасходно зависи ΠΎΠ΄ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ… околности, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΈΡ… Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ јС ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ›Π΅ ΠΊΡ€Π΅ΠΈΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠ°Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ ΠΈ достићи ΠΏΡƒΠ½Ρƒ СфСктивност Ρƒ ΡΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ˜Ρƒ искључивС заснованости Π½Π° Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΈΠΌ интСрСсима ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ… Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ ΡšΠΈΡ…ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΌ рСсурсима? Π£ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Ρ€Π°Π΄Ρƒ Π±ΠΈΡ›Π΅ прСдстављСно Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ˜ΡΠΊΠ° Π΄Π΅Π±Π°Ρ‚Π° ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ‚Ρƒ ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ спољнС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ… Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡ€Π΅Π»Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’Ρƒ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΈΡ… интСрСса ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ… Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ ΡšΠΈΡ…ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ спољнС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅, односу ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’Ρƒ ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ спољнС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½Π΅ бСзбСдности, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΎ војним, Скономским, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΈΠΌ, дипломатским ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»Π½ΠΈΠΌ инструмСнтима који ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ˜Π΅ Π½Π° Ρ€Π°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡšΡƒ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΌ Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π°ΠΌΠ° Ρƒ процСсу ΠΊΡ€Π΅ΠΈΡ€Π°ΡšΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ спољнС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ њСнС Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅, односно њСнС спроводивости Ρƒ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΡ’Π΅, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡƒΡˆΠ°Ρ›Π΅ΠΌΠΎ Π΄Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡšΠ΅ Π΄Π° Π»ΠΈ јС Ρ‚Π°Ρ‡Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅Π·Π° ΠΎΠ΄Ρ€Π΅Ρ’Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π°Ρ€Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ… односа ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Π΄Π° само Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ силС ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ˜Ρƒ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ™Π½ΠΎ рСсурса Π½Π° Ρ€Π°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡšΡƒ Π΄Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ³Ρƒ Π΄Π° ΠΊΡ€Π΅ΠΈΡ€Π°Ρ˜Ρƒ Π΄ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‡Π½Π΅ ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ спољнС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅, Ρ‚Π΅ Π½Π° Ρ‚Π°Ρ˜ Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ Π΄ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎ ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ˜Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π° Π·Π°Ρ†Ρ€Ρ‚Π°Π½ΠΈΡ… Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΈΡ… интСрСса, Π΄ΠΎΠΊ су, с Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³Π΅ странС, ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ˜ΡƒΡ›ΠΈ Ρƒ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρƒ ограничСност рСсурса Ρƒ војном, Скономском, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈ дипломатском смислу, ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅ Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡ€Π°Π½Π΅ Π΄Π° Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ΡƒΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Ρƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ»Π°Π³ΠΎΡ’Π°Π²Π°Ρ˜Ρƒ својС ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ спољнС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ околностима, Ρ‚Π΅ Π΄Π° самим Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌ располаТу искључиво ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡšΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜Π°ΠΌΠ° спољнС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅. Π˜ΡΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎ, Π±ΠΈΡ›Π΅ прСдстављСна ΠΊΠΎΡ€Π΅Π»Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’Ρƒ ΡƒΠ½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΡˆΡšΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ° Ρƒ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΌ Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π°ΠΌΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ° Ρƒ Π Π΅ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΡ†ΠΈ МакСдонији, ΠΈ њСнС ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ спољнС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅, односно ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈΡ†Π°Ρ˜ ΡƒΠ½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΡˆΡšΠΈΡ… Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈ Π½Π° процСс Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ спољнополитичких Ρ†ΠΈΡ™Π΅Π²Π°. На ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρƒ Π Π΅ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ МакСдонијС, ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ˜ΡƒΡ›ΠΈ Ρƒ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρƒ свС ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅ који ΡΠ²Ρ€ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π°Ρ˜Ρƒ ΠΎΠ²Ρƒ Π·Π΅ΠΌΡ™Ρƒ Ρƒ Ρ€Π΅Π΄ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ… ΡΡƒΠ±Ρ˜Π΅ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ… односа, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡƒΡˆΠ°Ρ›Π΅ΠΌΠΎ Π΄Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡšΠ΅ ΠΎ нССфСктивности њСнС ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ спољнС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ која, ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ‡Π΅, Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ˜ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ†Π°ΡšΠ° нСзависности ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅ Π΄ΠΎ данас. Π‘Π»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ˜ Π Π΅ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ МакСдонијС послуТићС Π½Π°ΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΡ˜ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ Π΄Π° саглСдамо свС прСдности ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π½Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ… Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π° Ρƒ ΡΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ˜Ρƒ посСдовања, односно нСдостатка ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ спољнС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Ρƒ саврСмСним ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ односима. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€Π°Ρ˜ΡƒΡ›ΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½Π΅ интСрСсС ΠΈ спољнополитичкС Ρ†ΠΈΡ™Π΅Π²Π΅ Π Π΅ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ МакСдонијС Ρƒ контСксту Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ˜Π°ΡšΠ° ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ спољнС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡƒΡˆΠ°Ρ›Π΅ΠΌΠΎ Π΄Π° прСдставимо Π½ΠΈΠ²ΠΎ нССфикасности ΠΈ нССфСктивности спољнополитичког ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°, Ρ‚Π΅ Π΄Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡšΠ΅ Π΄Π° Π»ΠΈ јС ΠΊΡ™ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΈ ΡƒΠ·Ρ€ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΎΡΡ‚Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ° спољнополитичких Ρ†ΠΈΡ™Π΅Π²Π° ΡƒΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎ Ρƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡˆΡ‚Π°ΡšΡƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ руководства Ρ‚Π΅ Π·Π΅ΠΌΡ™Π΅ Π΄Π° ΡƒΡΠ²ΠΎΡ˜ΠΈ спољнополитички ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅ΡˆΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚. НапослСтку, Ρƒ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Ρ€Π°Π΄Ρƒ, Π½Π° Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΡ˜ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρƒ Π Π΅ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ МакСдонијС, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ›Π΅ΠΌΠΎ свСобухватну Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Ρƒ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅ Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡˆΡƒ Π½Π° спољнополитичком ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Ρƒ Ρƒ саврСмСним ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ односима, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ којС су ΠΊΡ™ΡƒΡ‡Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΊΡˆΠ°Π²Π°Ρ˜ΡƒΡ›Π΅, Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΆΠ°Π²Π°Ρ˜ΡƒΡ›Π΅ околности ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ Ρƒ процСсу ΠΊΡ€Π΅ΠΈΡ€Π°ΡšΠ° ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ спољнополитичкС ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜Π΅, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΈ Ρƒ могућностима Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ спољнополитичких Ρ†ΠΈΡ™Π΅Π²Π°, Π° самим Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ™Π°Π²Π°ΡšΠ° Π·Π°Ρ†Ρ€Ρ‚Π°Π½ΠΈΡ… Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΈΡ… интСрСса.The foreign policy strategy of small states is still an open concept that has been practiced for more than fifty years by the most prominent scholars in the field of international relations in order to provide a comprehensive answer to questions such as: Do small states have the capacity to have a foreign policy strategy?; How do small states manage to create a foreign policy strategy that is adapted to their sovereign capacities and resources available to them as independent states in modern international relations?; To what extent are the foreign policy strategies of small states determined by the foreign policy strategies of the countries in their environment, as well as regional and large powers?; Does the foreign policy strategy of small states primarily depend on regional and international circumstances, as well as international and regional actors, or is it possible to create such a document and achieve full effectiveness in case based solely on the national interests of small states and their limited resources? This paper will present a theoretical debate on the concept of foreign policy strategy of small states, the correlation between the national interests of small states and their foreign policy strategy, the relationship between foreign policy strategy and national security strategy, as well as military, economic, political, diplomatic and real instruments which are available to small states in the process of creating a foreign policy strategy document and its implementation in practice. We will also try to answer the question of whether the thesis of certain international relations theorists that only the great powers have sufficient resources to create long-term foreign policy strategies, and thus stand behind the set national interests in the long run, while on the other hand, given the limited resources in military, economic, political, and diplomatic terms, it forces small categories of countries to continuously adapt their foreign policy strategies to regional and international circumstances, and thus to be able to have at their disposal only short-term and medium-term foreign policy strategies. At the same time, the correlation between the internal situation in small countries, more specifically in the Republic of Macedonia, and its foreign policy strategy, respectively the influence of internal determinants on the process of realization of foreign policy goals, will be presented. On the example of the Republic of Macedonia, taking into account all the parameters that classify this country as a small subject of international relations, we will try to answer the question of the ineffectiveness of its foreign policy strategy, which has not existed as a formal legal document since gaining independence. The case of the Republic of Macedonia will serve as an empirical example to see all the advantages and disadvantages of small countries in the case of possession of foreign policy strategy, or lack thereof, in modern international relations. Analyzing the national interests and foreign policy goals of the Republic of Macedonia in the context of the lack of foreign policy strategy as an official document of this country, we will try to present the level of inefficiency and ineffΠ΅ctiveness of the foreign policy mechanism and answer the question whether the key reason for not achieving foreign policy goals is precisely in missing the opportunity of the state leadership of that country to adopt a foreign policy strategic document. Finally, in this paper, on the empirical example of the Republic of Macedonia, we will present a comprehensive analysis of how small countries function in foreign policy field in modern international relations, as well as which are key mitigating but aggravating circumstances in the process of creating and implementing foreign policy strategy, the possibilities of realizing foreign policy goals, and thus satisfying the set national interests

    Foreign affairs strategy of the Republic of Macedonia from 2006 to 2015

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    Π‘Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜Π° спољнС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ… Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π° прСдставља ΠΈ Π΄Π°Ρ™Π΅ ΠΎΡ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ‚ којим сС Π΄ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄ пСдСсСт Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° Π±Π°Π²Π΅ Π½Π°Ρ˜ΠΈΡΡ‚Π°ΠΊΠ½ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈΡ˜ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ… односа ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ Π±ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ свСобухватан ΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡšΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ‚: Π”Π° Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅ Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ˜Ρƒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ Π΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡƒΡ˜Ρƒ ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜Ρƒ спољнС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅?; Π£ којој ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅ Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅ Ρƒ саврСмСним ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ односима ΡƒΡΠΏΠ΅Π²Π°Ρ˜Ρƒ Π΄Π° ΠΊΡ€Π΅ΠΈΡ€Π°Ρ˜Ρƒ ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜Ρƒ спољнС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ која јС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ»Π°Π³ΠΎΡ’Π΅Π½Π° ΡšΠΈΡ…ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ сувСрСним ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΈ рСсурсима који ΠΈΠΌ ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ˜Π΅ Π½Π° Ρ€Π°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡšΡƒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ нСзависним Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π°ΠΌΠ°?; Колико су ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ спољнС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ… Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π° дСтСрминисанС ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜Π°ΠΌΠ° спољнС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ™Π° којС су Ρƒ ΡšΠΈΡ…ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ΡšΡƒ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΈ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈΡ… сила?; Π”Π° Π»ΠΈ ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜Π° спољнС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ… Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π° прСвасходно зависи ΠΎΠ΄ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ… околности, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΈΡ… Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ јС ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ›Π΅ ΠΊΡ€Π΅ΠΈΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠ°Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ ΠΈ достићи ΠΏΡƒΠ½Ρƒ СфСктивност Ρƒ ΡΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ˜Ρƒ искључивС заснованости Π½Π° Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΈΠΌ интСрСсима ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ… Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ ΡšΠΈΡ…ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΌ рСсурсима? Π£ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Ρ€Π°Π΄Ρƒ Π±ΠΈΡ›Π΅ прСдстављСно Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ˜ΡΠΊΠ° Π΄Π΅Π±Π°Ρ‚Π° ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ‚Ρƒ ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ спољнС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ… Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡ€Π΅Π»Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’Ρƒ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΈΡ… интСрСса ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ… Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ ΡšΠΈΡ…ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ спољнС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅, односу ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’Ρƒ ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ спољнС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½Π΅ бСзбСдности, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΎ војним, Скономским, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΈΠΌ, дипломатским ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»Π½ΠΈΠΌ инструмСнтима који ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ˜Π΅ Π½Π° Ρ€Π°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡšΡƒ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΌ Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π°ΠΌΠ° Ρƒ процСсу ΠΊΡ€Π΅ΠΈΡ€Π°ΡšΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ спољнС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ њСнС Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅, односно њСнС спроводивости Ρƒ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΡ’Π΅, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡƒΡˆΠ°Ρ›Π΅ΠΌΠΎ Π΄Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡšΠ΅ Π΄Π° Π»ΠΈ јС Ρ‚Π°Ρ‡Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅Π·Π° ΠΎΠ΄Ρ€Π΅Ρ’Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π°Ρ€Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ… односа ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Π΄Π° само Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ силС ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ˜Ρƒ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ™Π½ΠΎ рСсурса Π½Π° Ρ€Π°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡšΡƒ Π΄Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ³Ρƒ Π΄Π° ΠΊΡ€Π΅ΠΈΡ€Π°Ρ˜Ρƒ Π΄ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‡Π½Π΅ ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ спољнС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅, Ρ‚Π΅ Π½Π° Ρ‚Π°Ρ˜ Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ Π΄ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎ ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ˜Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π° Π·Π°Ρ†Ρ€Ρ‚Π°Π½ΠΈΡ… Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΈΡ… интСрСса, Π΄ΠΎΠΊ су, с Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³Π΅ странС, ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ˜ΡƒΡ›ΠΈ Ρƒ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρƒ ограничСност рСсурса Ρƒ војном, Скономском, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈ дипломатском смислу, ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅ Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡ€Π°Π½Π΅ Π΄Π° Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ΡƒΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Ρƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ»Π°Π³ΠΎΡ’Π°Π²Π°Ρ˜Ρƒ својС ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ спољнС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ околностима, Ρ‚Π΅ Π΄Π° самим Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌ располаТу искључиво ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡšΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜Π°ΠΌΠ° спољнС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅. Π˜ΡΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎ, Π±ΠΈΡ›Π΅ прСдстављСна ΠΊΠΎΡ€Π΅Π»Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’Ρƒ ΡƒΠ½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΡˆΡšΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ° Ρƒ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΌ Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π°ΠΌΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ° Ρƒ Π Π΅ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΡ†ΠΈ МакСдонији, ΠΈ њСнС ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ спољнС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅, односно ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈΡ†Π°Ρ˜ ΡƒΠ½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΡˆΡšΠΈΡ… Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈ Π½Π° процСс Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ спољнополитичких Ρ†ΠΈΡ™Π΅Π²Π°. На ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρƒ Π Π΅ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ МакСдонијС, ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ˜ΡƒΡ›ΠΈ Ρƒ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρƒ свС ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅ који ΡΠ²Ρ€ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π°Ρ˜Ρƒ ΠΎΠ²Ρƒ Π·Π΅ΠΌΡ™Ρƒ Ρƒ Ρ€Π΅Π΄ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ… ΡΡƒΠ±Ρ˜Π΅ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ… односа, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡƒΡˆΠ°Ρ›Π΅ΠΌΠΎ Π΄Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡšΠ΅ ΠΎ нССфСктивности њСнС ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ спољнС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ која, ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ‡Π΅, Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ˜ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ†Π°ΡšΠ° нСзависности ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅ Π΄ΠΎ данас. Π‘Π»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ˜ Π Π΅ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ МакСдонијС послуТићС Π½Π°ΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΡ˜ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ Π΄Π° саглСдамо свС прСдности ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π½Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ… Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π° Ρƒ ΡΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ˜Ρƒ посСдовања, односно нСдостатка ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ спољнС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Ρƒ саврСмСним ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ односима. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€Π°Ρ˜ΡƒΡ›ΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½Π΅ интСрСсС ΠΈ спољнополитичкС Ρ†ΠΈΡ™Π΅Π²Π΅ Π Π΅ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ МакСдонијС Ρƒ контСксту Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ˜Π°ΡšΠ° ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ спољнС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡƒΡˆΠ°Ρ›Π΅ΠΌΠΎ Π΄Π° прСдставимо Π½ΠΈΠ²ΠΎ нССфикасности ΠΈ нССфСктивности спољнополитичког ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°, Ρ‚Π΅ Π΄Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡšΠ΅ Π΄Π° Π»ΠΈ јС ΠΊΡ™ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΈ ΡƒΠ·Ρ€ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΎΡΡ‚Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ° спољнополитичких Ρ†ΠΈΡ™Π΅Π²Π° ΡƒΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎ Ρƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡˆΡ‚Π°ΡšΡƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ руководства Ρ‚Π΅ Π·Π΅ΠΌΡ™Π΅ Π΄Π° ΡƒΡΠ²ΠΎΡ˜ΠΈ спољнополитички ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅ΡˆΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚. НапослСтку, Ρƒ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Ρ€Π°Π΄Ρƒ, Π½Π° Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΡ˜ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρƒ Π Π΅ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ МакСдонијС, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ›Π΅ΠΌΠΎ свСобухватну Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Ρƒ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅ Π΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡˆΡƒ Π½Π° спољнополитичком ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Ρƒ Ρƒ саврСмСним ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ односима, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ којС су ΠΊΡ™ΡƒΡ‡Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΊΡˆΠ°Π²Π°Ρ˜ΡƒΡ›Π΅, Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΆΠ°Π²Π°Ρ˜ΡƒΡ›Π΅ околности ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ Ρƒ процСсу ΠΊΡ€Π΅ΠΈΡ€Π°ΡšΠ° ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ спољнополитичкС ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜Π΅, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΈ Ρƒ могућностима Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ спољнополитичких Ρ†ΠΈΡ™Π΅Π²Π°, Π° самим Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ™Π°Π²Π°ΡšΠ° Π·Π°Ρ†Ρ€Ρ‚Π°Π½ΠΈΡ… Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΈΡ… интСрСса.The foreign policy strategy of small states is still an open concept that has been practiced for more than fifty years by the most prominent scholars in the field of international relations in order to provide a comprehensive answer to questions such as: Do small states have the capacity to have a foreign policy strategy?; How do small states manage to create a foreign policy strategy that is adapted to their sovereign capacities and resources available to them as independent states in modern international relations?; To what extent are the foreign policy strategies of small states determined by the foreign policy strategies of the countries in their environment, as well as regional and large powers?; Does the foreign policy strategy of small states primarily depend on regional and international circumstances, as well as international and regional actors, or is it possible to create such a document and achieve full effectiveness in case based solely on the national interests of small states and their limited resources? This paper will present a theoretical debate on the concept of foreign policy strategy of small states, the correlation between the national interests of small states and their foreign policy strategy, the relationship between foreign policy strategy and national security strategy, as well as military, economic, political, diplomatic and real instruments which are available to small states in the process of creating a foreign policy strategy document and its implementation in practice. We will also try to answer the question of whether the thesis of certain international relations theorists that only the great powers have sufficient resources to create long-term foreign policy strategies, and thus stand behind the set national interests in the long run, while on the other hand, given the limited resources in military, economic, political, and diplomatic terms, it forces small categories of countries to continuously adapt their foreign policy strategies to regional and international circumstances, and thus to be able to have at their disposal only short-term and medium-term foreign policy strategies. At the same time, the correlation between the internal situation in small countries, more specifically in the Republic of Macedonia, and its foreign policy strategy, respectively the influence of internal determinants on the process of realization of foreign policy goals, will be presented. On the example of the Republic of Macedonia, taking into account all the parameters that classify this country as a small subject of international relations, we will try to answer the question of the ineffectiveness of its foreign policy strategy, which has not existed as a formal legal document since gaining independence. The case of the Republic of Macedonia will serve as an empirical example to see all the advantages and disadvantages of small countries in the case of possession of foreign policy strategy, or lack thereof, in modern international relations. Analyzing the national interests and foreign policy goals of the Republic of Macedonia in the context of the lack of foreign policy strategy as an official document of this country, we will try to present the level of inefficiency and ineffΠ΅ctiveness of the foreign policy mechanism and answer the question whether the key reason for not achieving foreign policy goals is precisely in missing the opportunity of the state leadership of that country to adopt a foreign policy strategic document. Finally, in this paper, on the empirical example of the Republic of Macedonia, we will present a comprehensive analysis of how small countries function in foreign policy field in modern international relations, as well as which are key mitigating but aggravating circumstances in the process of creating and implementing foreign policy strategy, the possibilities of realizing foreign policy goals, and thus satisfying the set national interests
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