A case of locked twins in uterus bicornis unicollis

A case of a twin pregnancy in a uterus bicornis unicollis with a fetus in each horn presenting by the vertex, is described. Fetal distress supervened and the labour failed to progress because the head of the second twin locked between the neck and shoulder of the leading twin. Delivery, therefore, was by lower segment Caesarean section. The literature on this type of case is reviewed.S. Afr. Med. J., 48, 1461 (1974)

Behaviour of the Cervix and the Presenting Vertex in Labour in Blacks and Indians of Natal

The mean durations of the first stage of labour for Black and Indian primiparas and multiparas have been ascertained. These figures are similar to those which have been reported. The upper limits of normal for the duration of the first stage :of labour for primiparas and multiparas have baen ascertained· These figures differ from those which havebeen reported in that the duration is much shorter. Interpolated time- and cervix-based graphs showing the rate of cervical dilatation have been constructed. The curves obtained differ from those reported in that theyare not sigmoid in shape and have no distinct phases. Interpolated time-based graphs depicting the rate of descent of the presenting vertex have been constructed. The graphs constructed show the upper and lower limits of normal. They can be used to detect any deviation from normal very early on. The graphs and figures obtained confirm the reliabilityof Crichton's principles which have been used as a guide in our unit for the past 15 years in assessing the progress of labour; but recordings of the rate of cervical dilatation, descent of the head, and fetal heart rate, ona graph, so as to compare these with the established norm in each case, is likely to be advantageous.S. Afr. Med. J., 48, 791 (1974)

Spontaneous postpartum subcapsular haematoma of the liver

A case of spontaneous postpartum subcapsular haematoma of the liver is presented. Thus far there have been 54 reported cases in the literature and this is the 17th survivor. Our case is unusual in that the diagnosis was made pre-operatively, because of the classical presentation with signs of pre-eclampsia, shock, haemoperitoneum and a mass in the upper quadrant of the abdomen.S. Afr. Med. J., 48, 1997 (1974

What is a Virus?

About our Book Hi everyone! Hannah here. As college students, my friend Emily and I are studying from home. We realized you probably are working from home too, and might not quite know why. So we put together this book to try and explain viruses- the annoying buggers behind the coronavirus and even the common cold. We hope you enjoy it and learn some new things about science too! Copyright © 2020 Hannah Margolis This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Permission is granted to distribute this publication in its entirety, without change and without charge.Otherwise, however, all rights reserved and no part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the author, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law.ISBN: 978-1-7923-4213-

MR Spectroscopic Imaging of Peripheral Zone in Prostate Cancer Using a 3T MRI Scanner: Endorectal versus External Phased Array Coils.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) detects alterations in major prostate metabolites, such as citrate (Cit), creatine (Cr), and choline (Ch). We evaluated the sensitivity and accuracy of three-dimensional MRSI of prostate using an endorectal compared to an external phased array "receive" coil on a 3T MRI scanner. Eighteen patients with prostate cancer (PCa) who underwent endorectal MR imaging and proton (1H) MRSI were included in this study. Immediately after the endorectal MRSI scan, the PCa patients were scanned with the external phased array coil. The endorectal coil-detected metabolite ratio [(Ch+Cr)/Cit] was significantly higher in cancer locations (1.667 ± 0.663) compared to non-cancer locations (0.978 ± 0.420) (P < 0.001). Similarly, for the external phased array, the ratio was significantly higher in cancer locations (1.070 ± 0.525) compared to non-cancer locations (0.521 ± 0.310) (P < 0.001). The sensitivity and accuracy of cancer detection were 81% and 78% using the endorectal 'receive' coil, and 69% and 75%, respectively using the external phased array 'receive' coil

Framing Expectations in Early HIV Cure Research

Language used to describe clinical research represents a powerful opportunity to educate volunteers. In the case of HIV cure research there is an emerging need to manage expectations by using the term ‘experiment’. Cure experiments are proof-of-concept studies designed to evaluate novel paradigms to reduce persistent HIV-1 reservoirs, without any expectation of medical benefit

Spatio-temporal patterns in a mechanical model for mesenchymal morphogenesis

We present an in-depth study of spatio-temporal patterns in a simplified version of a mechanical model for pattern formation in mesenchymal morphogenesis. We briefly motivate the derivation of the model and show how to choose realistic boundary conditions to make the system well-posed. We firstly consider one-dimensional patterns and carry out a nonlinear perturbation analysis for the case where the uniform steady state is linearly unstable to a single mode. In two-dimensions, we show that if the displacement field in the model is represented as a sum of orthogonal parts, then the model can be decomposed into two sub-models, only one of which is capable of generating pattern. We thus focus on this particular sub-model. We present a nonlinear analysis of spatio-temporal patterns exhibited by the sub-model on a square domain and discuss mode interaction. Our analysis shows that when a two-dimensional mode number admits two or more degenerate mode pairs, the solution of the full nonlinear system of partial differential equations is a mixed mode solution in which all the degenerate mode pairs are represented in a frequency locked oscillation

MODIS Tree Cover Validation for the Circumpolar Taiga-Tundra Transition Zone

A validation of the 2005 500m MODIS vegetation continuous fields (VCF) tree cover product in the circumpolar taiga-tundra ecotone was performed using high resolution Quickbird imagery. Assessing the VCF's performance near the northern limits of the boreal forest can help quantify the accuracy of the product within this vegetation transition area. The circumpolar region was divided into longitudinal zones and validation sites were selected in areas of varying tree cover where Quickbird imagery is available in Google Earth. Each site was linked to the corresponding VCF pixel and overlaid with a regular dot grid within the VCF pixel's boundary to estimate percent tree crown cover in the area. Percent tree crown cover was estimated using Quickbird imagery for 396 sites throughout the circumpolar region and related to the VCF's estimates of canopy cover for 2000-2005. Regression results of VCF inter-annual comparisons (2000-2005) and VCF-Quickbird image-interpreted estimates indicate that: (1) Pixel-level, inter-annual comparisons of VCF estimates of percent canopy cover were linearly related (mean R(sup 2) = 0.77) and exhibited an average root mean square error (RMSE) of 10.1 % and an average root mean square difference (RMSD) of 7.3%. (2) A comparison of image-interpreted percent tree crown cover estimates based on dot counts on Quickbird color images by two different interpreters were more variable (R(sup 2) = 0.73, RMSE = 14.8%, RMSD = 18.7%) than VCF inter-annual comparisons. (3) Across the circumpolar boreal region, 2005 VCF-Quickbird comparisons were linearly related, with an R(sup 2) = 0.57, a RMSE = 13.4% and a RMSD = 21.3%, with a tendency to over-estimate areas of low percent tree cover and anomalous VCF results in Scandinavia. The relationship of the VCF estimates and ground reference indicate to potential users that the VCF's tree cover values for individual pixels, particularly those below 20% tree cover, may not be precise enough to monitor 500m pixel-level tree cover in the taiga-tundra transition zone