Testing embedded system through optimal mining technique (OMT) based on multi-input domain

Testing embedded systems must be done carefully particularly in the significant regions of the embedded systems. Inputs from an embedded system can happen in multiple order and many relationships can exist among the input sequences. Consideration of the sequences and the relationships among the sequences is one of the most important considerations that must be tested to find the expected behavior of the embedded systems. On the other hand combinatorial approaches help determining fewer test cases that are quite enough to test the embedded systems exhaustively. In this paper, an Optimal Mining Technique that considers multi-input domain which is based on built-in combinatorial approaches has been presented. The method exploits multi-input sequences and the relationships that exist among multi-input vectors. The technique has been used for testing an embedded system that monitors and controls the temperature within the Nuclear reactors

Index Codes with Minimum Locality for Three Receiver Unicast Problems

An index code for a broadcast channel with receiver side information is locally decodable if every receiver can decode its demand using only a subset of the codeword symbols transmitted by the sender instead of observing the entire codeword. Local decodability in index coding improves the error performance when used in wireless broadcast channels, reduces the receiver complexity and improves privacy in index coding. The locality of an index code is the ratio of the number of codeword symbols used by each receiver to the number message symbols demanded by the receiver. Prior work on locality in index coding have considered only single unicast and singleuniprior problems, and the optimal trade-off between broadcast rate and locality is known only for a few cases. In this paper we identify the optimal broadcast rate (including among non-linear codes) for all three receiver unicast problems when the locality is equal to the minimum possible value, i.e., equal to one. The index code that achieves this optimal rate is based on a clique covering technique and is well known. The main contribution of this paper is in providing tight converse results by relating locality to broadcast rate, and showing that this known index coding scheme is optimal when locality is equal to one. Towards this we derive several structural properties of the side information graphs of three receiver unicast problems, and combine them with information theoretic arguments to arrive at a converse

Schwannoma arising from hypoglossal nerve in the submandibular triangle: a case report

Hypoglossal schwannomas usually develop in the intracranial portion of the brain. The incidence of hypoglossal schwannomas of the submandibular region is extremely rare. Here we report a case of schwannoma arising from the extracranial hypoglossal nerve in the left submandibular region

Propagation of pure fetal and maternal mesenchymal stromal cells from terminal chorionic villi of human term placenta

Long term propagation of human fetal Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSC) in vitro has proven elusive due to limited availability of fetal tissue sources and lack of appropriate methodologies. Here, we have demonstrated the presence of fetal and maternal cells within the tips of Terminal Chorionic Villi (TCV) of normal human term placenta and we have exploited inherent differences in the adhesive and migratory properties of maternal vs. fetal cells, to establish pure MSC cultures of both cell types. The origin and purity of each culture was confirmed by X-Y chromosome-specific Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) and Short Tandem Repeat (STR) genotyping. This is the first demonstration of fetal and maternal cells in the TCV of human term placenta and also of deriving pure fetal MSC cultures from them. The concomitant availability of pure cultures of adult and fetal MSC from one tissue provides a good system to compare genetic and epigenetic differences between adult and fetal MSCs and also to generate new models of cell based therapies in regenerative medicine

Simulation of unsteady natural convection flow of a Casson viscoplastic fluid in a square enclosure utilizing a MAC algorithm

Non-Newtonian fluids are increasingly being deployed in energy systems and materials processing. Motivated by these developments, in the current study, a numerical simulation is performed on two-dimensional, unsteady buoyancy-driven flow in a square cavity filled with non-Newtonian fluid (Casson liquid). The enclosure geometry features vertical isothermal walls (with one at higher temperature than the other) and thermally insulated horizontal walls. The conservation equations for mass, momentum and energy are normalized via appropriate transformations and the resulting dimensionless partial differential boundary value problem is solved computationally with a Marker and Cell (MAC) algorithm which features a finite difference scheme along with a staggered grid system. The projection method is employed to evaluate the pressure term. Extensive visualizations of the impact of emerging physical parameters (Rayleigh number and Casson viscoplastic parameter) on streamline and isotherm distributions in the cavity are presented for fixed Prandtl number. Nusselt number i.e. heat transfer rate is increased with rising values of the Casson viscoplastic fluid parameter for any value of Rayleigh number. The density of streamlines increases with increasing values of Casson viscoplastic fluid parameter up to 1. Overall the Casson fluid parameter plays a vital role in controlling the convective heat transfer within the enclosure. The computations are relevant to hybrid solar collectors, materials fabrication (polymer melts) etc

Controlling of Home Appliances Using Internet of Things

In this new millennium of modern technology, everything is getting automated. Manual work is replaced by machines which reduced the burden on human beings. Nowadays humans have made internet an integral part of their everyday life without which they are helpless. Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of networks in which each object is identified by a unique identity that allows devices to connect, sensed and controlled remotely across a network infrastructure. In this paper we focus on controlling of home appliances by using internet of things. The devices connected to the cloud server are controlled by admin by giving commands. The controlling can be done by using Arduino. This whole system using Internet of Things (IoT) will be used to control home appliances from anywhere in the world by using internet connection. The system designed is economical and can be expanded as it allows connection and controlling of a number of different devices. Internet of Things (IoT) is an emergingtechnology that is making our world a global village. An IoT based Home automation is also one of such examples. In IoT based home automation various things such as lighting, home appliances, computers etc., all are connected to the Internet and allowing user to monitor and control things regardless of time and location constraint. This paper uses ThingSpeak IoT Platform for controlling home appliances through internet. The proposed system presented in this paper is used for controlling of home appliances through Internet of Things(IoT)

Genetic variability for grain yield and water use efficiency in blackgram genotypes

Transpiration efficiency (TE, g biomass kg-1 water transpired) is the preferred measure for examining po- tential genetic variation in crop water use efficiency (WUE). TE was assessed gravimetrically from sowing to grain harvest in fifteen blackgram accessions, two checks and two local varieties under well-watered conditions during kharif season. TEbiomass varied from 2.87 - 5.27 g kg-1 and TEseed varied from 1.10 - 2.03 g kg-1 among genotypes. High coefficient of variability was observed for seed yield and TEseed.Total biomass, TEbiomass, HI and water transpired recorded medium coefficient of variability. High heritability in broad sense was observed for seed yield, TEseed and total biomass. High genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for seed yield, TEseed, total biomass and TEbiomass. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for seed yield, total biomass and TEseed.TEseed is significantly positively correlated with TEbiomass (0.883**), seed yield/ plant (0.805**), HI (0.757**) and biomass (0.572*). TEbiomass, seed yield per plant, total biomass and HI were the important components of TEseed as revealed by correlation studies.D2 analysis partitioned the nineteen genotypes in to five clusters. The maximum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster II and V (24.94) and III and IV (22.6). Genotypes IC436665, IC343952 and Local II (Cluster III) had high mean values for TEbiomass and TEseed along with total biomass and seed yield. These genotypes should be useful in future breeding programs for higher water use efficiency

Exploring the Natural Preservation Potential of Aqueous Guava Leaf Extracts on Pangasius Pangasius: An Experimental Study

Fish, being a significant biological indicator in water, serves as a valuable food source once harvested. However, the high protein content in fish makes it an ideal medium for microorganisms, which can lead to spoilage. In areas without access to freezers or ice, preserving fish becomes a challenge. The objective of this study is to investigate the efficacy of Psidium guajava (guava) leaves as a natural preservation method for Pangasius pangasius fish. Key parameters, including gills, eye, texture, odor, and mucilage, were used to evaluate fish quality. Leaf methanolic extract was applied at doses of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. Data were collected between 1 and 3 days after storage. Results showed that fish quality declined and began to deteriorate after 2 days of storage, particularly in the control treatment (0% extract). However, the fish samples treated with doses of 60% and 80% experienced relatively good quality over the course of 2 days. Although some spoilage occurred in these samples, they remained suitable for consumption. In contrast, fish samples treated with other doses exhibited complete spoilage and were no longer consumable. In conclusion, guava leaf extracts offer a promising alternative for fish preservation