(2-Benzoyl­phen­yl)(2-meth­oxy-1-naphth­yl)methanone

In the title compound C25H18O3, the central benzene ring forms dihedral angles of 87.4 (5) and 85.4 (4)° with the phenyl ring and the naphthalene ring system, respectively. The carbonyl O atoms deviate significantly from the phenyl ring and the meth­oxy-substituted naphthalene ring system [by 0.508 (1) and 0.821 (1) Å, respectively]. The crystal packing is stabilized by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which generate C(6) chains, and C—H⋯π inter­actions

[2-(2-Meth­oxy-1-naphtho­yl)phen­yl](1-naphth­yl)methanone

The title compound, C29H20O3, adopts an ‘S’ conformation with a dihedral angle of 68.5 (2)° beween the two acetone planes. The central phenyl ring forms dihedral angles of 83.8 (4) and 84.5 (4)° with the naphthalene and meth­oxy-substituted naphthalene mean planes, respectively. Both carbonyl-group O atoms deviate significantly from the naphthalene moiety and the meth­oxy-substituted naphthalene moiety [0.574 (1) and −1.053 (1) Å, respectively]. The crystal packing is stabilized by C—H⋯O inter­molecular inter­actions, generating C(7) chain and R 2 2(10) graph-set motifs

(2-Benzoyl­phen­yl)(3,4-dimethyl­phen­yl)methanone

In the title compound, C22H18O2, the central benzene ring forms dihedral angles of 76.0 (1) and 73.1 (1)° with the phenyl ring and dimethyl-substituted benzene ring, respectively. The carbonyl-group O atoms deviate significantly from the phenyl ring and the dimethyl-substituted benzene ring [−0.582 (12) and 0.546 (12) Å, respectively]. The crystal packing is stabilized by C—H⋯π inter­actions

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON FLEXURAL BEHAVIOUR AND DURABILITY PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE BY USING ARTIFICIAL AGGREGATES

granulated blast furnace slag. In this floor hardening powder to be used in artificial aggregates prepared by pelletization method to increase the strength of artificial aggregates. The properties of the materials were studied and compared with natural aggregate for a durability property. Artificial aggregates were prepared for the ratio of 1:2. Then the strength properties like specific gravity, water absorption test, sieve analysis, impact test, abrasion test, aggregate crushing test of the prepared artificial aggregates is tested. In for upcoming phase the ratio, proportion of concrete varies 20%, 40%, 60%, 60%, 80%, 100% to choose an optimum level of aggregate percentage using of casting for beam. The conventional aggregate concrete mix has been designed for M30 grade of concrete using IS method. Finally the normal aggregate is compared with artificial aggregate where flexural strength and durability properties are determined. Then the results are numerically analyzed

Co-fumigation with phosphine and sulfuryl fluoride: Potential for managing strongly phosphine-resistant rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens): Presentation

Populations of rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, have developed a very high level of resistance (1300×) to the fumigant phosphine (PH3) in Australia. Resistant insects triggered control failures, threatening the country’s annual grain market worth AU$8 billion. Although PH3 protocols were amended to manage this new resistance, fumigation requires lengthy exposure periods which has practical difficulties. While there is no suitable replacement for PH3, the current study explores potential approaches to enhance the efficacy of this fumigant. One possibility is co-fumigation of PH3 with another complementary fumigant, sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2 or SF), with the dual goals: enhanced efficacy and minimise use of both fumigants. A cohort of mixed age eggs and adults of PH3-resistant C. ferrugineus was fumigated with PH3 and SF individually, as well as in combination inside desiccators at 25°C and 60$8 billion. Although PH3 protocols were amended to manage this new resistance, fumigation requires lengthy exposure periods which has practical difficulties. While there is no suitable replacement for PH3, the current study explores potential approaches to enhance the efficacy of this fumigant. One possibility is co-fumigation of PH3 with another complementary fumigant, sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2 or SF), with the dual goals: enhanced efficacy and minimise use of both fumigants. A cohort of mixed age eggs and adults of PH3-resistant C. ferrugineus was fumigated with PH3 and SF individually, as well as in combination inside desiccators at 25°C and 60%RH for 168 h. Two doses below the maximal registered rates for SF (8.9 mg L- 1, equivalent to 1500 g hm-3) and PH3 (1.0 mg L-1) were tested. Co-fumigation was performed simultaneously for 168 h. Our results revealed that, the mixture of 1.1 mg L-1 or 2.2 mg L-1 of SF and 0.5 mg L-1 of PH3 over 168 h achieved complete control against resistant C. ferrugineus eggs and adults, whereas each of the tested doses failed individually. Our study confirms that SF and PH3 enhance the efficacy of each other when used in combination, which holds great potential for managing resistant C. ferrugineus

Ethyl 7-oxo-3,5-diphenyl-1,4-diazepane-2-carboxyl­ate

The title compound, C20H22N2O3, crystallizes with two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. In both mol­ecules, the diazepane rings adopt chair conformations. The mean planes of the diazepane rings in the two molecules form dihedral angles of 71.6 (4)/40.3 (5) and 75.9 (5)/58.6 (7)° with the neighbouring benzene rings. The carbonyl-group O atoms deviate significantly from the diazepane rings, by 0.685 (14) and 0.498 (13) Å. The eth­oxy­carbonyl groups show conformational difference between two mol­ecules, as reflected in the orientation of the carbonyl O atoms and the C—C—O—C torsion angle of −179.0 (2)° in one mol­ecule and 73.2 (2)° in the other. In one molecule there is a short N—H⋯O contact that generates an S(5) ring motif. In the crystal, N—H⋯O inter­actions generate R 2 2(8) graph-set motifs and C—H⋯O inter­actions generate R 2 2(10) and R 2 2(14) graph-set motifs. C—H⋯π inter­actions also occur

The problem of programming language concurrency semantics

Despite decades of research, we do not have a satisfactory concurrency semantics for any general-purpose programming language that aims to support concurrent systems code. The Java Memory Model has been shown to be unsound with respect to standard compiler optimisations, while the C/C++11 model is too weak, admitting undesirable thin-air executions. Our goal in this paper is to articulate this major open problem as clearly as is currently possible, showing how it arises from the combination of multiprocessor relaxed-memory behaviour and the desire to accommodate current compiler optimisations. We make several novel contributions that each shed some light on the problem, constraining the possible solutions and identifying new difficulties. First we give a positive result, proving in HOL4 that the existing axiomatic model for C/C++11 guarantees sequentially consistent semantics for simple race-free programs that do not use low-level atomics (DRF-SC, one of the core design goals). We then describe the thin-air problem and show that it cannot be solved, without restricting current compiler optimisations, using any per-candidate-execution condition in the style of the C/C++11 model. Thin-air executions were thought to be confined to programs using relaxed atomics, but we further show that they recur when one attempts to integrate the concurrency model with more of C, mixing atomic and nonatomic accesses, and that also breaks the DRF-SC result. We then describe a semantics based on an explicit operational construction of out-of-order execution, giving the desired behaviour for thin-air examples but exposing further difficulties with accommodating existing compiler optimisations. Finally, we show that there are major difficulties integrating concurrency semantics with the C/C++ notion of undefined behaviour. We hope thereby to stimulate and enable research on this key issue

Relative tolerance and expression of resistance to phosphine in life stages of the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus

Cryptolestes ferrugineus is a serious cosmopolitan pest of stored products. Frequent and indiscriminate usage of phosphine has caused the development of high levels of resistance to this fumigant. As there are few alternatives, it is imperative that resistance to phosphine is managed. Effective management requires knowledge of key factors driving the rate of selection. One of the most important factors is the response of each resistance genotype to phosphine, especially heterozygotes. Moreover, it is important to understand the expression of resistance in all life stages as all stages are subjected to selection during fumigation. We determined the relative tolerance and resistance levels to phosphine in all life stages of homozygous parental strains (susceptible and resistant) and their F1 progeny (heterozygous) and estimated relative dominance of resistance within life stages over 48 h. In susceptible insects, relative tolerance was highest in eggs followed by pupae, then adults which had about the same tolerance as larvae. In homozygous resistant insects, the order of tolerance was adult = egg > pupae > larvae and in heterozygotes larvae > eggs > pupae > adults. All life stages expressed resistance with resistance ratios highest in adults > pupae > larvae > eggs. At LC50, resistance was incompletely recessive in eggs, pupae and adults and incompletely dominant in larvae. Eggs and adults were also incompletely recessive at LC95, but larvae were completely dominant and pupae were incompletely dominant. Our data showed that a proportion of heterozygotes in all life stages, the major carriers of resistance in the field, will survive at very high concentrations, particularly in the egg stage, forming a nucleus for reinfestation or dispersal of resistance