The impact of educational attainment on household poverty in South Africa: A case study of Limpopo province

Poverty is a phenomenon that is multidimensional in nature and its meaning varies from one individual to another (Alkire and Foster 2011; Batana 2013; Bossert, Chakravarty, and D'Ambrosio 2013; Jansen et al. 2015). It can be seen as a failure to attain certain capabilities, absolute or relative,2 or a lack of income to meet a certain standard of living in a given society (Jansen et al. 2015). It can be chronic or temporary3, is often linked with underdevelopment, economic exclusion and vulnerabilities, and sometimes closely correlated with inequality (Mbuli 2008; Van der Berg 2008; Jansen et al. 2015). The definition of poverty employed determines its measurement

Frequency and effect of spur gene on metric parameters in the Nigerian local chicken in Niger state

A study on the frequency and effect of spur gene (sI) on some metric parameters in the Nigerian local chicken was conducted on 750 adult free range indigenous chickens brought to the market for sale in the three administrative zones of Niger state, Nigeria. The parameters measured were body weight (BL), body length (BL), body girth (BG), wing length (WL), shank length (SL) and shank thickness (ST). The result shows that the calculated gene frequencies of 0.87, 0.89 and 0.90 were significantly (P<0.05) higher than the expected Mendelian frequency of 0.75 for dominant alleles. Spurred (sI) birds in zone C were significantly (P<0.01) heavier (2.19kg) than those in zone A (1.58kg) and zone B (1.50kg). Spurred birds from zone C were also significantly (P<0.01) longer (43.8cm), had better body girth (26.1cm), wing length (24.5cm), shank length (11.7cm) and shank thickness (1.23cm) respectively. It was concluded that spurred (sI) birds in zone C performed relatively better in most of the parameters measured.Keywords: Spur, metric parameters, Nigerian local chicken, frequency

Outcome of Caesarean Section in a Sub-Urban Secondary Health Care Facility in Nigeria

During a five-year period between 1st January 1997 and 31st December 2001, one thousand, two hundred and fifty four caesarean sections were performed at General Hospital Mokwa in Niger State of Nigeria. There were a total of 6,768 deliveries giving caesarean section incidence of 18.5% one thousand one hundred and thirty two (924.2%) were emergency caesarean section while 70(5.8%) were elective. Two hundred and seventy three (22.7%) of the patients were teenager. The common indication of the procedure included cephalopelvic disproportion/obstructed labour 506 (42.1%), antepartum haemorrhage 182 (15.1%) and fetal distress 167 (13.9%). Sepsis was the commonest postoperative complication. The maternal mortality rate was 831.9/100,000 and perinatal mortality rate was 228.1/1,000. The high incidence of caesarean section in this study is in keeping with the trend worldwide. To reduce the high maternal and perinatal mortalities associated with the procedure, continous retraining of medical staff should be a priority. The socio-economic condition of the populace should also be improved. Key word: Outcome, Caesarean Section, Sub-urban, Secondary Health Care Facility, Nigeria. Nigerian Medical Practitioner Vol.46(4) 2004: 77-7

IFRA Special Research Issue Vol. 1

I lie French Institute for Research in Africa /IFRA). Ibadan. a foundation of the French govemment, is a non-profit institute set up to promote research in the social sciences and humanities. as well as enhance collaborative work between scholars in France and West Africa. It was established in 1990 and operates from the University of Ibadan. Nigeria, where it is housed by the Institute of African Studies. IFRA mandate includes subsiding research programs. granting research allowances to academics and scholars. publishing research results. and holding workshops. seminars and symposia. Over the past few years. the research orientation of IFRA Ibadan has revolved around problems of démocratie transition, urban violence and security, and religious networks in West Africa. The Institute also runs a library and publishes a Newsletter