144 research outputs found
ИНФЕКЦИОННЫЕ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ У ДЕТЕЙ: РОЛЬ В ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИИ СОМАТИЧЕСКОЙ ПАТОЛОГИИ
The article examines the relationship of infectious diseases, especially opportunistic and viral infections, with the formation of chronic and physical illness. Scientific meta-analysis of the effect of infections on the start of autoimmune disease, chronic diseases of broncho-pulmonary and cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, urinary and other systems is carried out. Special attention is given to the role of fetal viral infection in the development of congenital malformations and intrauterine pathology. The article discusses the prevention measures taken for controlling certain somatic diseases.В статье рассматривается связь инфекционной патологии, прежде всего оппортунистических и вирусных инфекций, с формированием хронических заболеваний и соматической патологии. Представлен научный мета-анализ влияния инфекций с началом аутоиммунных заболеваний, хронической патологии бронхолегочной и сердечно-сосудистой систем, желудочно-кишечного тракта, мочевой системы и других. Особое внимание уделяется значению внутриутробной вирусной инфекции в формировании врожденных пороков развития и внутриутробной патологии. Излагаются принятые меры инфекционной профилактики для контроля за некоторыми соматическими заболеваниями
Abelian Sandpile Model on the Honeycomb Lattice
We check the universality properties of the two-dimensional Abelian sandpile
model by computing some of its properties on the honeycomb lattice. Exact
expressions for unit height correlation functions in presence of boundaries and
for different boundary conditions are derived. Also, we study the statistics of
the boundaries of avalanche waves by using the theory of SLE and suggest that
these curves are conformally invariant and described by SLE2.Comment: 24 pages, 5 figure
Non-perturbative dynamics of hot non-Abelian gauge fields: beyond leading log approximation
Many aspects of high-temperature gauge theories, such as the electroweak
baryon number violation rate, color conductivity, and the hard gluon damping
rate, have previously been understood only at leading logarithmic order (that
is, neglecting effects suppressed only by an inverse logarithm of the gauge
coupling). We discuss how to systematically go beyond leading logarithmic order
in the analysis of physical quantities. Specifically, we extend to
next-to-leading-log order (NLLO) the simple leading-log effective theory due to
Bodeker that describes non-perturbative color physics in hot non-Abelian
plasmas. A suitable scaling analysis is used to show that no new operators
enter the effective theory at next-to-leading-log order. However, a NLLO
calculation of the color conductivity is required, and we report the resulting
value. Our NLLO result for the color conductivity can be trivially combined
with previous numerical work by G. Moore to yield a NLLO result for the hot
electroweak baryon number violation rate.Comment: 20 pages, 1 figur
Epigenetic evolution and lineage histories of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Genetic and epigenetic intra-tumoral heterogeneity cooperate to shape the evolutionary course of cancer1. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a highly informative model for cancer evolution as it undergoes substantial genetic diversification and evolution after therapy2,3. The CLL epigenome is also an important disease-defining feature4,5, and growing populations of cells in CLL diversify by stochastic changes in DNA methylation known as epimutations6. However, previous studies using bulk sequencing methods to analyse the patterns of DNA methylation were unable to determine whether epimutations affect CLL populations homogeneously. Here, to measure the epimutation rate at single-cell resolution, we applied multiplexed single-cell reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing to B cells from healthy donors and patients with CLL. We observed that the common clonal origin of CLL results in a consistently increased epimutation rate, with low variability in the cell-to-cell epimutation rate. By contrast, variable epimutation rates across healthy B cells reflect diverse evolutionary ages across the trajectory of B cell differentiation, consistent with epimutations serving as a molecular clock. Heritable epimutation information allowed us to reconstruct lineages at high-resolution with single-cell data, and to apply this directly to patient samples. The CLL lineage tree shape revealed earlier branching and longer branch lengths than in normal B cells, reflecting rapid drift after the initial malignant transformation and a greater proliferative history. Integration of single-cell bisulfite sequencing analysis with single-cell transcriptomes and genotyping confirmed that genetic subclones mapped to distinct clades, as inferred solely on the basis of epimutation information. Finally, to examine potential lineage biases during therapy, we profiled serial samples during ibrutinib-associated lymphocytosis, and identified clades of cells that were preferentially expelled from the lymph node after treatment, marked by distinct transcriptional profiles. The single-cell integration of genetic, epigenetic and transcriptional information thus charts the lineage history of CLL and its evolution with therapy
Lattice Chern-Simons Number Without Ultraviolet Problems
We develop a topological method of measuring Chern-Simons number change in
the real time evolution of classical lattice SU(2) and SU(2) Higgs theory. We
find that the Chern-Simons number diffusion rate per physical 4-volume is very
heavily suppressed in the broken phase, and that it decreases with lattice
spacing in pure Yang-Mills theory, although not as quickly as predicted by
Arnold, Son, and Yaffe.Comment: 26 pages including 6 figures, uses psfig. Corrected for an algebra
error in the original draft of hep-lat/9610013; minor rewriting and more
analysi
Dimebon Does Not Ameliorate Pathological Changes Caused by Expression of Truncated (1–120) Human Alpha-Synuclein in Dopaminergic Neurons of Transgenic Mice
Background: Recent clinical studies have demonstrated that dimebon, a drug originally designed and used as a non-selective antihistamine, ameliorates symptoms and delays progress of mild to moderate forms of Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s diseases. Although the mechanism of dimebon action on pathological processes in degenerating brain is elusive, results of studies carried out in cell cultures and animal models suggested that this drug might affect the process of pathological accumulation and aggregation of various proteins involved in the pathogenesis of proteinopathies. However, the effect of this drug on the pathology caused by overexpression and aggregation of alpha-synuclein, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), has not been assessed. Objective: To test if dimebon affected alpha-synuclein-induced pathology using a transgenic animal model. Methods: We studied the effects of chronic dimebon treatment on transgenic mice expressing the C-terminally truncated (1–120) form of human alpha-synuclein in dopaminergic neurons, a mouse model that recapitulates several biochemical, histopathological and behavioral characteristics of the early stage of PD. Results: Dimebon did not improve balance and coordination of aging transgenic animals or increase the level of striatal dopamine, nor did it prevent accumulation of alpha-synuclein in cell bodies of dopaminergic neurons. Conclusion: Our observations suggest that in the studied model of alpha-synucleinopathy dimebon has very limited effect on certain pathological alterations typical of PD and related diseases
Specific heat and heat conductivity of the BaTiO3 polycrystalline films with the thickness in the range 20 - 1100 nm
Thermal properties - specific heat and heat conductivity coefficient - of
polycrystalline BaTiO3 films on massive substrates were studied as a function
of the temperature and the film thickness by ac-hot probe method. The anomalies
of specific heat with decreasing of the film thickness from 1100 to 20 nm
revealed the reducing of critical temperature (Tc) and excess entropy of the
ferroelectric phase transition, which becomes diffused. The critical thickness
of the film at which Tc = 0 estimated as 2.5 nm.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, 450kb; submitted to J.Phys.:Cond.Mat
Measuring the Broken Phase Sphaleron Rate Nonperturbatively
We present details for a method to compute the broken phase sphaleron rate
(rate of hot baryon number violation below the electroweak phase transition)
nonperturbatively, using a combination of multicanonical and real time lattice
techniques. The calculation includes the ``dynamical prefactor,'' which
accounts for prompt recrossings of the sphaleron barrier. The prefactor depends
on the hard thermal loops, getting smaller with increasing Debye mass; but for
realistic Debye masses the effect is not large. The baryon number erasure rate
in the broken phase is slower than a perturbative estimate by about exp(-3.6).
Assuming the electroweak phase transition has enough latent heat to reheat the
universe to the equilibrium temperature, baryon number is preserved after the
phase transition if the ratio of (``dimensionally reduced'' thermal) scalar to
gauge couplings (lambda / g^2) is less than .037.Comment: 41 pages, 13 figures included with psfig. Some wordings clarified,
nothing substantial change
Proton irradiation of CVD diamond detectors for high-luminosity experiments at the LHC
CVD diamond shows promising properties for use as a position sensitive detector for experiments in the highest radiation areas at the Large Hadron Collider. In order to study the radiation hardn ess of diamond we exposed CVD diamond detector samples to 24~GeV/ and 500~MeV protons up to a fluence of . We measured the charge collection distance, the ave rage distance electron hole pairs move apart in an external electric field, and leakage currents before, during, and after irradiation. The charge collection distance remains unchanged up to and decreases by 40~\% at . Leakage currents of diamond samples were below 1~pA before and after irradiation. The particle indu ced currents during irradiation correlate well with the proton flux. In contrast to diamond, a silicon diode, which was irradiated for comparison, shows the known large increase in leakage curren t. We conclude that CVD diamond detectors are radiation hard to 24~GeV/ and 500~MeV protons up to at least without signal loss
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