32,935 research outputs found
Pion production within the hybrid relativistic plane wave impulse approximation model at MiniBooNE and MINERvA kinematics
The hybrid model for electroweak single-pion production (SPP) off the
nucleon, presented in [Gonz\'alez-Jim\'enez et al., Phys. Rev. D 95, 113007
(2017)], is extended here to the case of incoherent pion-production on the
nucleus. Combining a low-energy model with a Regge approach, this model
provides valid predictions in the entire energy region of interest for current
and future accelerator-based neutrino-oscillation experiments. The Relativistic
Mean-Field model is used for the description of the bound nucleons while the
outgoing hadrons are considered as plane waves. This approach, known as
Relativistic Plane-Wave Impulse Approximation (RPWIA), is a first step towards
the development of more sophisticated models, it is also a test of our current
understanding of the elementary reaction. We focus on the charged-current
()-nucleus interaction at MiniBooNE and MINERvA kinematics. The
effect on the cross sections of the final-state interactions, which affect the
outgoing hadrons on their way out of the nucleus, is judged by comparing our
results with those from the NuWro Monte Carlo event generator. We find that the
hybrid-RPWIA predictions largely underestimate the MiniBooNE data. In the case
of MINERvA, our results fall below the -induced 1 production data,
while a better agreement is found for -induced 1 and
-induced 1 production.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figure
Shot-noise anomalies in nondegenerate elastic diffusive conductors
We present a theoretical investigation of shot-noise properties in
nondegenerate elastic diffusive conductors. Both Monte Carlo simulations and
analytical approaches are used. Two new phenomena are found: (i) the display of
enhanced shot noise for given energy dependences of the scattering time, and
(ii) the recovery of full shot noise for asymptotic high applied bias. The
first phenomenon is associated with the onset of negative differential
conductivity in energy space that drives the system towards a dynamical
electrical instability in excellent agreement with analytical predictions. The
enhancement is found to be strongly amplified when the dimensionality in
momentum space is lowered from 3 to 2 dimensions. The second phenomenon is due
to the suppression of the effects of long range Coulomb correlations that takes
place when the transit time becomes the shortest time scale in the system, and
is common to both elastic and inelastic nondegenerate diffusive conductors.
These phenomena shed new light in the understanding of the anomalous behavior
of shot noise in mesoscopic conductors, which is a signature of correlations
among different current pulses.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures. Final version to appear in Phys. Rev.
The effect of divorce laws on divorce rates in Europe
This paper analyzes a panel of 18 European countries spanning from 1950 to 2003 to examine the extent to which the legal reforms leading to “easier divorce” that took place during the second half of the 20th century have contributed to the increase in divorce rates across Europe. We use a quasi-experimental set-up and exploit the different timing of the reforms in divorce laws across countries. We account for unobserved country-specific factors by introducing country fixed effects, and we include country-specific trends to control for time-varying factors at the country level that may be correlated with divorce rates and divorce laws, such as changing social norms or slow moving demographic trends. We find that the reforms were followed by significant increases in divorce rates. Overall, we estimate that the introduction of no-fault, unilateral divorce increased the divorce rate by about 1, a sizeable effect given the average rate of 4.2 divorces per 1,000 married people in 2002.Divorce rates, legislation
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