QSMSOR Iterative Method for the Solution of 2D Homogeneous Helmholtz Equations

In this paper, we consider the numerical solutions of homogeneous Helmholtz equations of the second order. The Quarter-Sweep Modified Successive Over-Relaxation (QSMSOR) iterative method is applied to solve linear systems generated form discretization of the second order homogeneous Helmholtz equations using quarter sweep finite difference (FD) scheme. The formulation and implementation of the method are also discussed. In addition, numerical results by solving several test problems are included and compared with the conventional iterative methods

Assessing the sustainability of the homestay industry for the East Coast of Malaysia using the Delphi approach

Homestay ecotourism in Malaysia has been extensively examined in terms of its concepts, approaches, activities, and community engagement. However, a comprehensive assessment of the sustainability factors pertaining to host families remains a critical area awaiting exploration. This is paramount for ensuring the long-term viability of homestays and fostering economic benefits within rural communities. The present study seeks to establish direct subjective measurements for evaluating the interplay between local communities, tourism, and resources in safeguarding sustainable homestays. Utilizing the Delphi approach, this research conducted interviews with 51 experts who were actively involved in six homestays located on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The objective was to identify key evaluation indicators pertinent to the homestay industry. The findings underscored the pivotal roles played by community resources and tourism in the sustainability of homestays. Additionally, environmental, economic, and social factors emerged as crucial components for maintaining the industry's sustainability. This innovative assessment methodology offers a valuable instrument for enhancing the sustainability of the homestay sector, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. By embracing this approach, homestay operators can fortify their sustainable management practices and prepare themselves for future pandemics. This study represents a significant contribution to the field of homestay ecotourism, emphasizing the imperative for continued research in this dynamic domain

Enzyme production from food wastes using a biorefinery concept

According to Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), one-third of food produced globally for human consumption (nearly 1.3 billion tonnes) is lost along the food supply chain. In many countries food waste is currently landfilled or incinerated together with other combustible municipal wastes for possible recovery of energy. However, these two options are facing more and more economic and environmental stresses. Due to its organic- and nutrient-rich nature, theoretically food waste can be converted to valuable products (e.g. bio-products such as methane, hydrogen, ethanol, enzymes, organic acids, chemicals and fuels) through various fermentation processes. Such conversion of food waste is potentially more profitable than its conversion to animal feed or transportation fuel. Food waste valorisation has therefore gained interest, with value added bio-products such as methane, hydrogen, ethanol, enzymes, organic acids, chemicals, and fuels. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide information on the food waste situation with emphasis on Asia–Pacific countries and the state of the art food waste processing technologies to produce enzymes

Biofortification of Zinc and Iron through Fortified Organics Along with NPK Levels on the Quality, Nutrient Uptake and Productivity of Brinjal in Coastal Saline Soil

To evaluate the response of zinc and iron fortified organic manure along with NPK levels on nutrient content, uptake and productivity of brinjal in coastal saline soil, a field experiment was conducted in farmer’s field at Ponnanthittu coastal village, near Chidambaram, Cuddalore District, Tamilnadu with brinjal var. Annamalai during August – December 2022. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with four levels of NPK (0, 100, 125, 150%) and three levels of micronutrients (Zn and Fe) fortified organics like 100% Zn Fortified Composted Coir pith (ZnFCCP), 100% Fe Fortified Composted Coir pith (FeFCCP) and 100% Zn + Fe Fortified Composted Coir pith (Zn+FeFCCP) @ 6.25 t ha-1 , respectively). The result showed that individual and combined application of 150 % of NPK along with 100% Zn + Fe Fortified Composted Coir pith (Zn+FeFCCP) @ 6.25 t ha-1 excelled over other treatments and recorded higher values on growth (plant height, number of branches plant-1, Dry matter production), yield (fruit and stover), nutrient content and uptake (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron and zinc) of brinjal in coastal saline soil

Toxicity of <i>Nerium indicum </i>Miller seed extract on bandicoot rat, <i>Bandicota bengalensis </i>Gray

1003-1006Crude extract (12.5 ml/kg) of N. indicum seed gave 100% mortality of B. bengalensis. Humanness assessment study revealed that this plant orgin chemical caused low pain and sufferings to the target pests