Variability, correlation and path coefficient analysis in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- graecum L.) under water limited conditions

Genetic variability, character association and path analysis between yield and its component traits were carried out in 48 genotypes of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) at Udaipur (Rajasthan). Highly significant differences between genotypes were recorded for all the characters studied. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation coupled with high heritability and high genetic advance was observed for seed yield plot-1, biological yield plot-1, harvest index and pods plant-1 indicating the importance of additive gene effects for these traits. Biological yield plot-1 and harvest index exhibited positive and significant correlation with seed yield while days to 50% flowering exhibited negative and significant association with seed yield. Path coefficient analysis revealed that biological yield plot-1 had highest positive direct effect on seed yield followed by branches plant-1, pod length and test weight. It was concluded that improvement in the seed yield of fenugreek is possible through selection for biological yield plot-1, harvest index, branches plant-1, pod length and test weight. &nbsp

Variability, correlation and path coefficient analysis in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- graecum L.) under water limited conditions

Genetic variability, character association and path analysis between yield and its component traits were carried out in 48 genotypes of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) at Udaipur (Rajasthan). Highly significant differences between genotypes were recorded for all the characters studied. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation coupled with high heritability and high genetic advance was observed for seed yield plot-1, biological yield plot-1, harvest index and pods plant-1 indicating the importance of additive gene effects for these traits. Biological yield plot-1 and harvest index exhibited positive and significant correlation with seed yield while days to 50% flowering exhibited negative and significant association with seed yield. Path coefficient analysis revealed that biological yield plot-1 had highest positive direct effect on seed yield followed by branches plant-1, pod length and test weight. It was concluded that improvement in the seed yield of fenugreek is possible through selection for biological yield plot-1, harvest index, branches plant-1, pod length and test weight. &nbsp

Comparative evaluation of different reference evapotranspiration models

The study was carried out to select best alternative method for the estimation of reference evapotranspi-ration (ET0). Accurate estimation of potential evapotranspiration is a necessary step in water resource management. Recently, the FAO-56 version of Penman-Monteith equation has been established as a standard for calculating ref-erence evapotranspiration (ET0) which requires measurement of a number of meteorological parameters namely, air temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, and wind speed which may not be available in most of the meteoro-logical stations. Still there are different approaches (requiring less data) which estimate ET0 closely to Penman- Monteith (P-M) method for different climatological conditions. The present study is based on analysis of long term of 13 years (2000 to 2012) climatic data to calculate monthly reference evapotranspiration for Capsicum production (September–March) and also to compare the performance of evapotranspiration equations for Jhalawar district of Rajasthan with the standard FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method on the basis of the least root mean square error (RMSE) analysis. Hargreaves method and Pan evaporation (E-Pan) method overestimated the values of ETo when compared with FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method. On the basis of lowest value of RMSE, Pan evaporation method is found best alternative method to FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method in the study area

Introducing algorithm portfolios to a class of vehicle routing and scheduling problem

The paper presents a comprehensive foundation and implementation of Algorithm Portfolios to solve Theater Distribution Vehicle Routing and Scheduling Problems (TDVRSP). In order to evaluate the performance of proposed approach, it has been applied to varying dimensions of theater distribution problem. In particular, eight random search metaheuristics embedded in four processors, packed to form different portfolios. Four basic algorithms- Genetic Algorithm (GA), Simulated Annealing (SA), Tabu Search (TS) and Artificial Immune System (AIS), as well as their group theoretic counterparts have been utilized. The proposed approach also takes care of platform dependence and helps evolving a robust solution pack. The portfolio concept is shown to be computationally advantageous and qualitatively competitive over the benchmark set of problems. The paper does not only provide modeling to TDVRSP, but also aids in developing a generic solution framework for other problems of its kind

Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care (JBDS-IP) Clinical Guideline Inpatient care of the frail older adult with diabetes: an Executive Summary

We present an Executive Summary of a guideline produced by a Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care Writing Group for managing frail older inpatients with diabetes. This represents a multidisciplinary stakeholder consensus document providing more than 100 recommendations in eight areas: functional assessment and detection of frailty; preventative care: assessing risk factors and avoiding hospital admissions; general inpatient management principles; managing therapy choices for the frail older inpatient with diabetes; managing associated comorbidities and concerns; pre-operative assessment and care; discharge planning and principles of follow-up; and end of life care. The document is intended to guide effective clinical decision-making in an inpatient setting and is supported by four appendices: Appendix 1, STOPPFRAIL criteria; Appendix 2, Acute care toolkit 3-Royal College of Physicians; Appendix 3, a description of physical performance and frailty measures for routine NHS application; and Appendix 4, Inpatient Frailty Care Pathway-template. This document is expected to enhance clinical outcomes and overall health status for this vulnerable inpatient population of older people with diabetes. The full version of the guideline, including the appendices, can be found at https://abcd.care/sites/abcd.care/files/resources/Inpatient_Care_of_the_Frail_Older_Adult.pdf

Variablity, correlation and path analysis in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)

Forty eight collections of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) showed significant variability for days to flowering, plant height, branches per plant, umbels per plant, umbellets per umbel, grains per umbel, 1000 seed weight, yield per plant and yield per plot at Jobner, India. The broad sense heritability was high for 1000 seed weight, umbels per plant and grain yield per plant while genetic advance was· high for umbels per plant, yield per plant and yield per plot. Grain yield per plot was significant and positively associated with yield per plant, grains per umbel and umbels per plant. Branches per plant showed a high positive, direct effect on yield per plot followed by grains per umbel and plant height. &nbsp

Managing hyperglycaemia during antenatal steroid administration, labour and birth in pregnant women with diabetes

Optimal glycaemic control before and during pregnancy improves both maternal and fetal outcomes. This article summarizes the recently published guidelines on the management of glycaemic control in pregnant women with diabetes on obstetric wards and delivery units produced by the Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care and available in full at www.diabetes.org.uk/joint-british-diabetes-society and https://abcd.care/joint-british-diabetes-societies-jbds-inpatient-care-group. Hyperglycaemia following steroid administration can be managed by variable rate intravenous insulin infusion (VRIII) or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in women who are willing and able to safely self‐manage insulin dose adjustment. All women with diabetes should have capillary blood glucose (CBG) measured hourly once they are in established labour. Those who are found to be higher than 7 mmol/l on two consecutive occasions should be started on VRIII. If general anaesthesia is used, CBG should be monitored every 30 min in the theatre. Both the VRIII and CSII rate should be reduced by at least 50% once the placenta is delivered. The insulin dose needed after delivery in insulin‐treated Type 2 and Type 1 diabetes is usually 25% less than the doses needed at the end of first trimester. Additional snacks may be needed after delivery especially if breastfeeding. Stop all anti‐diabetes medications after delivery in gestational diabetes. Continue to monitor CBG before and 1 h after meals for up to 24 h after delivery to pick up any pre‐existing diabetes or new‐onset diabetes in pregnancy. Women with Type 2 diabetes on oral treatment can continue to take metformin after birth

Varietal diallel analysis for yield and yield related traits in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)

A half diallel of ni ne genetica lly diverse va rieties was made and resulting 36 Fl populations along with the parents were evaluated during rabi 1997-98. The analysis of variance indicated that heterosis was s ignificant for all the characters, except for branches per plant. The heterosis components were also significant for most of the traits studied. Specific heterosis component accounted for more than 50% of the overall heterosis, indicating complex type of inheritance for seed yield and its component traits. The crosses UP (M)-1 x UF-134, RF-125 x JP-29 and UF-90 x HF-7J exhibited significant and positive heterobeltiosis for seed yield per plant. &nbsp

Assessment of genetic variability, correlation and path analysis for yield and its components in ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.)

Genetic variability, heritability, correlation and path analysis were estimated among 28 germplasm for 10 characters in Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.). Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the germplasm lines for number of secondary branches plant-1, number of umbels plant-1, number of umbellets umbel-1, seed yield plant-1, harvest index and oil content, suggesting sufficient amount of variability in the experimental material. The estimates of genotypic coefficient variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient variation (PCV) indicated the existence of fairly high degree of variability for seed yield plant-1, oil content, number of umbels plant-1 and harvest index. Lower values of GCV and PCV were recorded in number of umbellets umbel-1 indicating the important role of environment in the expression of the characters. High heritability associated with moderate genetic advance was recorded in traits like harvest index and seed yield plant-1. The association study among characters revealed that seed yield was positively and significantly correlated with number of umbellets plant-1. Path coefficient analysis revealed that number of umbellets plant-1 had maximum positive direct effect on seed yield plant-1. &nbsp

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ORAL FLOATABLE IN-SITU GEL OF RANITEDINE HYDROCHLORIDE

Objective: The present investigation deals with the formulation, optimization and evaluation of sodium alginate based floating oral In situ gel of Ranitedine HCl. Sodium alginate used as a polymer and CaCO3 was used as a cross-linking agent. In-situ forming polymeric formulation drug delivery systems is in sol form before administration in the body, but once administered, undergoes gelation in-situ to form a gel. The formulation of gel depends upon factors like temperature modulation, pH changes, presence of ions and ultraviolet irradiation from which drug gets released in sustained and controlled manner. Methods: The objective of this study was to develop a novel in- situ gel system for sustained drug delivery using natural biodegradable polymers. The system utilizes polymers that exhibit sol-to-gel phase transition due to change in specific physicochemical parameters. Results: In-situ gel was formed at a gastric pH from designed set of experiments, it was evident that formulation containing 2 % of sodium alginate control the release of drug for longer duration. The in-situ gel exhibited the expected, viscosity, drug content, pH, in vitro gelling capacity, in vitro floating ability and sustained drug release. Conclusion: The formulated in situ gel for Ranitedine Hydrochloride was found to be stable in situ gel. It was found to have better floating efficacy and in vitro release profile characteristics. Better efficiency and results of batch F-6 gives newer alternative use of natural biodegradable polymers in situ gel formulation. Key Words: Oral In-situ gel, Sustained Release. Sodium alginate, Calcium Carbonate, Ranitedine HCl