Optimized Heat Interception for Cryogen Tank Support

We consider means for using the cooling available in boil-off gas to intercept heat conducted through the support structure of a cryogen tank. A one-dimensional model of the structure coupled to a gas stream gives an analytical expression for heat leak in terms of flow rate for temperature independent-properties and laminar flow. A numerical model has been developed for heat transfer on a thin cylindrical tube with an attached vent line. The model is used to determine the vent path layout that will minimize heat flow into the cryogen tank. The results are useful for a number of applications, but the one of interest in this study is the minimization of the boil-off in large cryopropellant tanks in low Earth and low lunar orbit

A novel approach for baseball pitch analysis using a full body motion analysis suit: A case series study

Biomechanical analysis of the baseball pitch has been used for many years to improve pitching accuracy. Common biomechanical analysis has relied on motion analysis cameras in a laboratory setting. The primary aim of this descriptive case series study was to utilize a novel method using a portable wearable 3D motion analysis suit to measure leg length/stride length ratio, foot placement, and pitch accuracy. Four National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III varsity baseball pitchers participated in this study. The XSens™ MVN motion analysis suit was worn by each participant to measure body kinematics and a high-speed camera was utilized to record pitching accuracy. The average leg length to stride length ratio results was determined to be 77%. This ratio could be utilized rather than the traditional stride length to body height due to the variations in leg length. The results from this motion analysis procedure with a wearable portable suit and a high-speed camera may help improve pitching accuracy by identifying optimal mechanics for each individual pitcher

Power Purchase Agreement Checklist for State and Local Governments

This fact sheet provides information and guidance on the solar photovoltaic (PV) power purchase agreement (PPA), which is a financing mechanism that state and local government entities can use to acquire clean, renewable energy. It addressed the financial, logistical, and legal questions relevant to implementing a PPA, but we do not examine the technical details?those can be discussed later with the developer/contractor. This fact sheet is written to support decision makers in U.S. state and local governments who are aware of solar PPAs and may have a cursory knowledge of their structure but they still require further information before committing to a particular project

Tourism stakeholder exclusion and conflict in a small island

Research in the Isle of Man, British Isles, reveals limited and dysfunctional collaboration between stakeholders, and in particular between public and private sector actors. Power and influence over tourism decision making is generally felt to be restricted to a small and opaque network. Moreover, different levels of interest in and support for tourism further divide stakeholders. Various negative consequences are shown to arise from this absence of collaboration, including a lack of shared vision or future strategy for local tourism, and high levels of mutual mistrust between stakeholders. Resulting conflict, wasted resources, lost enthusiasm and lack of strategic direction appear to undermine the current and future management of island tourism. Emphasised by research is the importance of stakeholder collaboration to sustainable tourism management and underlying factors which may enhance or undermine. Focus on dysfunctional collaboration and the small island setting makes a unique contribution to the existing literature

Identification, Motivation and Facilitation of Domestic Tourism in a Small Island

This paper presents a case concerning domestic tourism in the Isle of Man, British Isles; a small maritime nation with Norse heritage. Qualitative interviews find the existence of considerable domestic tourism activity conducted by island residents, including daytrips and overnight stays, and explore the motivational and facilitating factors which underpin this. Such behaviour is identified by residents as touristic and distinct from other leisure pursuits. Yet recognition of domestic tourism in small geographic spaces is currently almost entirely absent. This article attempts to highlight the issue and draw attention to attendant benefits of domestic tourism which include economic and social inputs. These may be relevant to a small island community, and in the case of the Isle of Man help to support an otherwise ailing tourism industry

Acute Fulminant Colitis Caused by Idiopathic Mesenteric Inflammatory Veno-Occlusive Disease

Mesenteric inflammatory veno-occlusive disease (MIVOD) is an uncommon but important cause of bowel inflammation. MIVOD is characterised by lymphocytic inflammation and non-thrombotic occlusion of the mesenteric venules and veins. We present the case of a young man who presented with acute fulminant colitis, requiring colectomy. The differential diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment are discussed. This case illustrates the rapid progression from ‘well’ to ‘colectomy’ that can occur with MIVOD. MIVOD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of colitis that does not respond to conventional medical treatment

THE INFLUENCE OF MUSCLE LOADINGS ON THE DENSITY DISTRIBUTION OF THE PROXIMAL FEMUR

ABSTRACT This paper presents an efficient method for simulating the bone remodeling procedure. This method is based on the trajectorial architecture theory of optimization and employs a truss-like model for bone. The truss was subjected to external loads including 5 point loads simulating the hip joint contact forces and 3 muscular forces at the attachment sites of the muscles to the bone. The strain in the links was calculated and the links with high strains were identified. The initial truss is modified by introducing new links wherever the strain exceeds a prescribed value; each link undergoing a high strain is replaced by several new links by adding new nodes around it using the Delaunay method. Introduction of these new links to the truss, which is conducted according to a weighted arithmetic mean formula, strengthens the structure and reduces the strain within the respective zone. This procedure was repeated for several steps. Convergence was achieved when there were no critical links remaining. This method was used to study the 2D shape of proximal femur in the frontal plane and provided results that are consistent with CT data. The proposed method exhibited capability similar to more complicated conventional nonlinear algorithms, however, with a much higher convergence rate and lower computation costs. INTRODUCTION Research regarding the relationship between mechanical environment and bone structure can be traced back to Wolff Remodeling theories try to define a basic mathematical relation between the loads on the bone and its structure. A wide range of approaches have been proposed in the literature to describe these relations and predict the optimal shape of the bones It is expected that the application of different boundary conditions to the Finite Element (FE) model will have an effec