An evaluation of the depth of similarity between linear and non-linear wave theories

An evaluation of the wave behavior and the effects of kinematics and dynamic properties of wave particles on the submerged members of a jacket platform have been accomplished. The Stokes fifthorder and Airy wave theories have been employed to evaluate the kinematics and dynamic properties of wave particles. SAP2000 software was used to determine and evaluate the wave properties. The aim of this study is to model both theories and determining a depth of water, in which both theories indicate the same behavior. The study has found that the non-linear fifth-order theory shows similar behavior with the linear Airy wave theory from 10 meters below the SWL toward the sea floor with 99% of similarity

Isolasi dan Uji Kemampuan Rizobakteri Indigenous sebagai Agensia Pengendali Hayati Penyakit pada Tanaman Cabai

. Sejumlah cendawan patogen merupakan penyebab berbagai penyakit pada tanaman cabai (Capsicum annuum L.). Oleh karena fungisida sintetik berpengaruh negatif terhadap lingkungan, akhir-akhir ini penggunaan mikroorganisme antagonis sebagai agensia alternatif pengendali berbagai jenis patogen tanaman semakin banyak diteliti dan dikembangkan. Jenis mikroorganisme tersebut ialah bakteri rizosfir nonpatogenik yang mengolonisasi perakaran tanaman, dikenal sebagai plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Berbagai jenis rizobakteri telah banyak digunakan untuk mengendalikan penyakit, di samping untuk memacu pertumbuhan tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ialah mengisolasi rizobakteri indigenous Sulawesi Tenggara dari perakaran tanaman cabai yang dieksplorasi dari Kabupaten Konawe, Konawe Selatan, Kendari, Muna, dan Buton serta menguji kemampuan isolat tersebut untuk menghambat pertumbuhan koloni cendawan patogen (Colletotrichum capsici dan Fusarium oxysporum) di laboratorium. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh 20 isolat rizobakteri indigenous potensial (masing-masing 14 isolat P. fluorescens, dua isolat Serratia spp., dan empat isolat Bacillus spp.). Ke-20 isolat tersebut memiliki kemampuan menghambat pertumbuhan koloni patogen target (C. capsici dan F. oxysporum) dan berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai agensia hayati pada tanaman cabai

Preparation of Sonocatalyst Fe2O3/ZnO using Sol-gel/precipitation method: characterization and removal of acid orange 7 in aqueous solution / Nur Fadzeelah A. K. and Nor Aimi Abdul Wahab

Fe2O3/ZnO composite catalyst was synthesized using a solgel/precipitation method. The synthesized samples were characterized by Xray diffraction (XRD), scanning elctron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X-tray spectroscopy (EDX) and Brunauer−Emmet−Teller (BET) method. The feasibility of Fe2O3/ZnO composite catalyst on the removal of Acid Orange 7 (AO7) solution was examined under an ultrasonic irradiation. The removal percentage of AO7 solution was monitored by UVvis spectrophotometer. The characterization results exhibited that the Fe2O3/ZnO composite catalyst was successfully prepared using the solgel/precipitation method. The loading of Fe2O3 particles on the surface of ZnO particles resulted in high surface area compared to ZnO catalyst. Performance wise, the highest removal percentage of AO7 solution for sonocatalytic activity (at 120 min) showed only 8.05% and 9.12% for ZnO catalyst and Fe2O3/ZnO composite catalyst, respectively. Thus, the poor removal of AO7 solution in sonocatalytic experiment using this composite catalyst indicating this catalyst is not a good potential as sonocatalyst in treatment of azo dyes. In addition, this study has revealed that Fe2O3/ZnO composite catalyst was superior to the adsorption activity in removing of AO7 from aqueous solution due to adsorption ability of Fe2O3

Context-based FISH localization of genomic rearrangements within chromosome 15q11.2q13 duplicons

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Segmental duplicons (SDs) predispose to an increased frequency of chromosomal rearrangements. These rearrangements can cause a diverse range of phenotypes due to haploinsufficiency, in <it>cis </it>positional effects or gene interruption. Genomic microarray analysis has revealed gene dosage changes adjacent to duplicons, but the high degree of similarity between duplicon sequences has confounded unequivocal assignment of chromosome breakpoints within these intervals. In this study, we localize rearrangements within duplicon-enriched regions of Angelman/Prader-Willi (AS/PWS) syndrome chromosomal deletions with fluorescence <it>in situ </it>hybridization (FISH).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Breakage intervals in AS deletions were localized recursively with short, coordinate-defined, single copy (SC) and low copy (LC) genomic FISH probes. These probes were initially coincident with duplicons and regions of previously reported breakage in AS/PWS. Subsequently, probes developed from adjacent genomic intervals more precisely delineated deletion breakage intervals involving genes, pseudogenes and duplicons in 15q11.2q13. The observed variability in the deletion boundaries within previously described Class I and Class II deletion AS samples is related to the local genomic architecture in this chromosomal region.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Chromosome 15 abnormalities associated with SDs were precisely delineated at a resolution equivalent to genomic Southern analysis. This context-dependent approach can define the boundaries of chromosome rearrangements for other genomic disorders associated with SDs.</p

Opioid prescribing habits of physicians in Kwara State, Nigeria

Objective: Although opioid analgesics are effective in the treatment of moderate to severe acute, cancer and chronic non-malignant pains, they are under-prescribed in Nigeria. The objective of this study was to assess the prescription pattern of opioids among physicians in a north central State, Nigeria..Design: This was a descriptive cross sectional studySetting: The study was conducted at the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP)-sponsored workshops on pain and palliative care at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria.Participants: These were physicians at the monthly workshops organized by the Pain and Palliative Care Unit of the hospital between August 2011 and July, 2012. Interventions: Pre-tested semi-structured questionnaires were used to obtain responses to questions on pain management including opioids utilization in the various hospitals of the 114 participants.Main outcome measures: The main outcome measure was opioid prescription by the participants.Results: Out of the 114 questionnaires distributed, 113 were returned with complete information giving a response rate of 99.1%. The mean age of the respondents was 42.0±10.8 years. Although 97.3% of the respondents reported that pain was a frequent complaint in their practice, 69.5% of those who reported seeing patients with moderate to severe pain on a daily basis rarely or never prescribed opioid analgesics. The reasons given for poor opioid prescription were fear of respiratory depression (86.8%), fear of addiction (85.1%) and non-availability (28.9%).Conclusion: Opioid prescription rate for patients with moderate-severe pain is low possibly due to myths and misconceptions about their adverse effects.Funding: International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) Initiative for Improving Pain Education Grant awarded to Dr. K.W. Wahab in 2011.Keywords: Opioid analgesics, prescribing habits, physicians, Nigeri

Localized, Non-Random Differences in Chromatin Accessibility Between Homologous Metaphase Chromosomes

BACKGROUND: Condensation differences along the lengths of homologous, mitotic metaphase chromosomes are well known. This study reports molecular cytogenetic data showing quantifiable localized differences in condensation between homologs that are related to differences in accessibility (DA) of associated DNA probe targets. Reproducible DA was observed for ~10% of locus-specific, short (1.5-5 kb) single copy DNA probes used in fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Fourteen probes (from chromosomes 1, 5, 9, 11, 15, 17, 22) targeting genic and intergenic regions were developed and hybridized to cells from 10 individuals with cytogenetically-distinguishable homologs. Differences in hybridization between homologs were non-random for 8 genomic regions (RGS7, CACNA1B, GABRA5, SNRPN, HERC2, PMP22:IVS3, ADORA2B:IVS1, ACR) and were not unique to known imprinted domains or specific chromosomes. DNA probes within CCNB1, C9orf66, ADORA2B:Promoter-Ex1, PMP22:IVS4-Ex 5, and intergenic region 1p36.3 showed no DA (equivalent accessibility), while OPCML showed unbiased DA. To pinpoint probe locations, we performed 3D-structured illumination microscopy (3D-SIM). This showed that genomic regions with DA had 3.3-fold greater volumetric, integrated probe intensities and broad distributions of probe depths along axial and lateral axes of the 2 homologs, compared to a low copy probe target (NOMO1) with equivalent accessibility. Genomic regions with equivalent accessibility were also enriched for epigenetic marks of open interphase chromatin (DNase I HS, H3K27Ac, H3K4me1) to a greater extent than regions with DA. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that DA is non-random and reproducible; it is locus specific, but not unique to known imprinted regions or specific chromosomes. Non-random DA was also shown to be heritable within a 2 generation family. DNA probe volume and depth measurements of hybridized metaphase chromosomes further show locus-specific chromatin accessibility differences by super-resolution 3D-SIM. Based on these data and the analysis of interphase epigenetic marks of genomic intervals with DA, we conclude that there are localized differences in compaction of homologs during mitotic metaphase and that these differences may arise during or preceding metaphase chromosome compaction. Our results suggest new directions for locus-specific structural analysis of metaphase chromosomes, motivated by the potential relationship of these findings to underlying epigenetic changes established during interphase