Separation of Q from carbon in CR meteorites during stepped combustion

Introduction: The nature of the planetary noble gas carrier (Q) in meteorites remains uncertain. It is known that it is likely to be carbonaceous, but represents only a small fraction of the total macromolecular material. Q is oxidisible with nitric and other oxidizing acids. It seems to be partly destroyed with pyridine and may have an organic structure. Previously, we have shown that during parent body thermal metamorphism Q is less affected than the majority of other carbonaceous materials. If organic matter is graphitized, as has happened in the enstatite chondrite parent bodies, Q remains unaffected. In the present study we have found that Q is also separable from the majority of carbon in type 2 and 3 CR chondrites during stepped combustion. It is possible that this is because Q has become encased within the matrix, in contrast to other carbon phases, during parent body metamorphism

THE MECHANISMS INHIBITING PYRUVATE- AND OXOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEXES IN MUSSELS

Activity of purified pyruvate dehydrogenase and 2 - oksoglutarate dehydrogenase multienzyme complexes was studied and a quantity of free SH-groups in them being influenced by chlorides of cadmium, copper and lead was determined. The conducted research proved a considerable activity impairment of dehydrogenases of oxoacids and of the free SH – groups level

Differential technique for the covariant orbital angular momentum operators

The orbital angular momentum operator expansion turns to be a powerful tool to construct the fully covariant partial wave amplitudes of hadron decay reactions and hadron photo- and electroproduction processes. In this paper we consider a useful development of the orbital angular momentum operator expansion method. We present the differential technique allowing the direct calculation of convolutions of two orbital angular momentum operators with an arbitrary number of open Lorentz indices. This differential technique greatly simplifies calculations when the reaction subject to the partial wave analysis involves high spin particles in the initial and/or final states. We also present a useful generalization of the orbital angular momentum operators.Comment: 14 page

Эталон для измерения относительных величин структур позвоночника взрослых

The paper proposes a method for using the relative values of linear dimensions for spine structures, which are necessary to compare the results obtained from digital and conventional radiographs having different scales.The purpose of the study: to develop a method for quantifying the spine structures of adult patients in relative units of measurement.Materials and methods. Using digital spine radiographs of 141 patients (from 21 to 88 years old), with careful observance of the same magnification, it is shown that the metric length of the segment tangent to the image of the vertebral body CI lower contour – the órel standard – has no age trend.Results and discussion. The ratio of segment tangent to the image of sacrum upper contour (segment s) and órel standard dimension also does not depend on age and is on average equal to 2.1. So the segment can be approximately calculated as órel = s/2.1. A group of 64 patients, from 21 to 88 years old, taken from the general cohort is divided into four age subgroups according to the WHO classification. It is shown that relative vertical spine size decreases with age. The difference in average relative vertical spine size for the first and the fourth age subgroups was 3.75 órels. The relative contribution of each spine part to the decrease is also demonstrated.Conclusion. The proposed relative unit of measurement “órel” can be used as a universal measure of length, independent of the scale and method of obtaining an X-ray image for measuring and comparing the structures of the spine in adults at any age.В работе предложен метод измерения относительных величин линейных размеров структур позвоночника, которые необходимы для сравнения результатов, полученных с цифровых и обычных рентгенограмм, имеющих разный масштаб.Цель исследования: разработать метод количественной оценки величины структур позвоночника взрослых пациентов в относительных единицах измерения.Материал и методы. На примере группы из 141 пациента (от 21 до 88 лет) при тщательном соблюдении одинакового увеличения цифровых рентгенограмм было показано, что метрическая длина отрезка касательной к изображению нижнего контура тела позвонка CI – эталон óрел – не имеет возрастного тренда.Результаты и обсуждение. Выявлено, что соотношение размеров эталона óрел (отрезка orel) и отрезка касательной к изображению верхнего контура крестца (отрезка s) не зависит от возраста и в среднем равно 2,1, и может быть приблизительно вычислено по формуле orel = s/2,1. На примере группы 64 пациентов, взятых из той же когорты обследованных, (от 21 до 88 лет), разделенной на 4 возрастные подгруппы в соответствии с классификацией ВОЗ, показано, что относительный вертикальный размер позвоночника, уменьшается с возрастом. Разница средних относительных значений вертикального размера позвоночника в первой и в четвертой возрастной подгруппе составила 3,75 óрела. Также продемонстрирован относительный вклад каждого отдела позвоночника в это уменьшение.Заключение. Предлагаемая относительная единица измерения “óрел” может быть использована в качестве универсальной меры длины, независимой от масштаба и способа получения рентгеновского изображения для измерения и сравнения структур позвоночника у взрослых в любом возрасте

Factors influencingmicrobial transmission in a meat processing plant

The review paper examines the main risk factors for microbial contamination of meat at different stages of its processing. Particular emphasis has been placed on primary animal processing being the most hazardous in terms of microbial contamination of meat. Carcass cross-contamination most frequently occurs during skinning and evisceration since hides and the digestive tract are the primary sources of microbial pathogens. It is necessary to observe stringent sanitary and hygienic rules when performing these operations. Continuous cold chain management along all following stages of meat processing and control of the sanitary status of cold chambers during meat storage are of extreme importance. An increase in the microbial counts due to the high number of manual operations was observed during meat cutting, boning, and trimming. Subsequent stages of meat processing, including mincing, curing, the addition of spices, also promote significant microbial growth. Strict control regarding detection of dangerous pathogens, especially L. monocytogenes, is needed at this stage. In general, to minimize problems linked with meat and meat product safety, it is necessary to take timely measures on sanitary treatment of meat processing facilities, including the prevention of biofilm formation

Ultrafast response of tunnel injected quantum dot based semiconductor optical amplifiers in the 1300 nm range

The ultrafast gain and refractive index dynamics of tunnel injected quantum dot based semiconductor optical amplifiers in the 1300 nm range are investigated using a heterodyne pump probe technique. In the gain regime, ground state wavelengths exhibit full gain recovery in less than 10 ps up to 3 times transparency, attributed to enhanced carrier refilling via the injector layer. The effect of the injector can also been seen in unusual phase dynamics at excited state wavelengths at this injection level. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. (doi:10.1063/1.3686901

Experimental Demonstration of Nanolaser with sub-μ\muA Threshold Current

We demonstrate a photonic crystal nanolaser exhibiting an ultra-low threshold of 730 nA at telecom wavelengths. The laser can be directly modulated at 3 GHz at an energy cost of 1 fJ/bit. This is the lowest threshold reported for any laser operating at room temperature and facilitates low-energy on-chip links.Comment: 3 pages with 2 figure

Tensor analyzing power Ayy in deuteron inclusive breakup at large Pt and spin structure of deuteron at short internucleonic distances

The Ayy data for deuteron inclusive breakup off hydrogen and carbon at a deuteron momentum of 9.0 GeV/c and large Pt of emitted protons are presented. The large values of Ayy independent of the target mass reflect the sensitivity of the data to the deuteron spin structure. The data obtained at fixed $x$ and plotted versus Pt clearly demonstrate the dependence of the deuteron spin structure at short internucleonic distances on two variables. The data are compared with the calculations using Paris, CD-Bonn and Karmanov's deuteron wave functions.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, talk given at the SPIN2004 Conf., 10-16 Oct. 2004, Triest, Ital