Warning time analysis for emergency response in Sakarya city, Turkey against possible Marmara earthquake

Sakarya, one of the biggest cities in the Marmara prefecture, with 835 thousand population has suffered severe damages due to the North Anatolian Fault System (NAFS) which is a major active right lateral-moving fault in northern Anatolia running along the tectonic boundary between the Eurasian Plate and the Anatolian Plate. One of the biggest disasters was on 17 August 1999 Izmit earthquake with Mw 7.4. The occurrence and the source information of huge events in the region indicate that an earthquake is expecting in near future from the underneath of the Marmara Sea. Therefore, this seismically vulnerable city needs urgent strong motion prediction and reliable Earthquake Early Warning System. The city is preparing now for further NAFS earthquakes and it is essential to inform society about the warning time of a possible imminent earthquake so that precautionary actions can be taken by the government officials, companies and individuals. This study highlights available warning time for the city. Warning time is calculated by considering the theoretic P- and S- wave velocities for Marmara region. Results indicate that Sakarya will have approximately 37.9 second in average with 7.4 second standard deviation before the arrival of strong shaking to the city

An unsupervised learning algorithm: application to the discrimination of seismic events and quarry blasts in the vicinity of Istanbul

The results of the application of an unsupervised learning (neural network) approach comprising a Self Organizing Map (SOM), to distinguish micro-earthquakes from quarry blasts in the vicinity of Istanbul, Turkey, are presented and discussed. The SOM is constructed as a neural classifier and complementary reliability estimator to distinguish seismic events, and was employed for varying map sizes. Input parameters consisting of frequency and time domain data (complexity, spectral ratio, S/P wave amplitude peak ratio and origin time of events) extracted from the vertical components of digital seismograms were estimated as discriminants for 179 (1.8 < <i>M</i><sub>d</sub> < 3.0) local events. The results show that complexity and amplitude peak ratio parameters of the observed velocity seismogram may suffice for a reliable discrimination, while origin time and spectral ratio were found to be fuzzy and misleading classifiers for this problem. The SOM discussed here achieved a discrimination reliability that could be employed routinely in observatory practice; however, about 6% of all events were classified as ambiguous cases. This approach was developed independently for this particular classification, but it could be applied to different earthquake regions

Sınıf okullarında meslek içi eğitim kursları için web tabanlı bir uzaktan eğitim sistemi(uzesweb)

M.S. - Master of Scienc

Information access to Turkish medical literature

Increasing amount of information has brought about agenda problems on the storage and access of information. The studying on the information access, has begun at the health science area because of the rapid and updated information needs and the majority of the publications in this area. At the end of the eighteenth century, growth of the scientific literature proved that the librariers are insufficient to access information itself. As a result, the earlier studies of medical literature in 1987s has begun at the Library of the Surgeon Genaral's Office which is called now as National Library of Medicine in the United States. However, the bibliographic sources were in puslished form at the begining of indexing studies, the computerized bibliographic databases has been developed in the mid 1960's. Unfortunately, it is too late to keep up with those studies for our country. Although the lack of a national medical index, the medical literature is still increasing rapidly and without any bibliographic control in Turkey. Medical scientists have to spend great effort to access the Turkish medical literature. So that reason, we established our studies on to verify "a national bibliographic information sources would enable the researchers of Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine to access bibliographic information of publications in their fields in a short time and comprehensive way" as our research hypothesis. In our study, it was researched that whether a scientist is in need of Turkish medical literature or not. If they do, how they access such literature and if they don't what the reasons are. The effect of bibliographic sources on this subject is also analyzed. We have applied a questionnaire that was formed of 1 1 questions to 157 researchers in Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine. According to our findings the majority of those researchers believe that it is beneficial to follow the Turkish medical literature. 95% of those, who follow the literature think that they don't access the whole bibliographic information. 86.8% of the others do not follow the Turkish medical literature because of the lack of such bibliographic sources which enables to access bibliographic information of publications easily and quickly. IV General findings stress that the construction of a national medical index for the Turkish medical literature, would enable the researchers a comprehensive and quick access to information. Also it would increase the percentage of reading the literature as well. The main proposal in that respect is that most related individuals and institutions should come together, organize a team which consists of experts and gather their studies which are insufficient and disorganized, and optimize their effort and time. The studies should be done under the responsibility of an institution or an organization

Ulusal Tıp ve Sağlık Bilimlerinde Dergi Adı Kısaltmaları: Bir Pilot Çalışma

The purpose of this study is to prepare a standardized list of abbreviations to be used in the abbreviation of headings in the medical and health periodicals published in Turkey. There is no standard for abbreviating the titles of journals referred to in the contents of journals that are printed or published in the electronic medium in Turkey. This situation leads to degrees of confusion in the publication of journals in Turkey. The elements introduced in this study may be used in the abbreviation of headings listed in national periodicals, particularly in those published in the field of medicine and the health sciences. It is hoped that these rules will be able to guide writers, journal editors, librarians and publishers in preparing a uniform set of abbreviations for journals referred to in footnotes, tables of contents and bibliographies

On the use of Stockwell transform in structural dynamic analysis

Time-frequency analysis of earthquake records using Fourier transform is a fundamental, reliable and useful tool in earthquake engineering and engineering seismology. It will be however no longer functional if the frequency variation is analysed in time domain. Short time Fourier transform is utilized for the same purpose but this has also its own limitations and restrictions. In this research, Stockwell transform (S-transform), is evaluated in investigating frequency content of signal in time domain. First, the effectiveness of S-transform was tested by a non-stationary synthetic signal series with a sum of various instantaneous time varying frequency functions. Then, transform was employed to three different earthquake waveforms of Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku earthquake (M-w 6.9, 2008); recorded in near, moderate and far sites. Finally, an application was demonstrated for determining dynamic response of three-story frame structure by using El Centro earthquake compiled with harmonic motion. Unlike widely used continuous wavelet transform, which provides temporal and spectral information simultaneously, S-transform is very straightforward and easy to manipulate for interpretations. All cases considered in this research showed that S- transform can be implemented for further research activities related with frequency-dependent strong motion analysis by practitioners and engineers. S-transform can distinguish abrupt frequency changes in structures effectively and accurately

Elektronik Sağlık Kayıt Sistemlerinin Kütüphanelerle Bütünleştirilmesi

The increase of volume and variety of information, which in turn has an important role in health services, reached to an explosive bulk, that can hardly be managable for the users. In order to meet users’ needs under these conditions, electronic health record systems were developed. Electronic health record systems integrated with electronic libraries allow clinicians, along with the patient information, also to access medical literature they would need for treatment. By comparing patient information with current information sources concerning relevant medical advances and thus performing evaluations being based on such comparisons help clinicians to save time and make fast and accurate decisions. On the other hand, the use of electronic health record systems require more active roles from medical libraries and their librarians within the framework of their parent organisation

Earthquake Preparedness Strategies for Telecom Backbone with Integration of Early Warning Systems and Optical WDM Networks (Invited Paper)

In this study, we explore three different strategies for such situation; 1) Extreme approach that reprovisions all connections in danger with full or degraded bandwidth, 2) relax approach that reprovisions only critical connections, and 3) careful approach that reprovisions some or all connections based on the alarm level. We compare these strategies for a case study, an earthquake on San Andreas Fault Line. We conduct numerical examples over a 24-node US-wide topology where the connections have heterogeneous bandwidth and availability requirements. The numerical examples show that careful approach provides a better solution than extreme and relax approaches, especially for heavy network loads in terms of expected penalty in case of an earthquake