A Word from Turkish Cuisine: Güllaç

Güllaç which is an important representative of Turkish culinary culture, draws attention linguistically as much as it does from the point of cultural history. In many Turkish grammar books, one of the phonetic changes studied under phonetics is contraction. Some examples for this phonetic change include words such as “niçin”, “ayol”, “cumartesi”, “sütlaç”. Besides these words, one of the examples given for contraction is the word “güllaç”. In the aforementioned sources it is undestood that the word “güllaç” has been used among the examples as an analogy for “sütlaç” and it is disassembled incorrectly as “gül+lü aş”. However, rstly in Turkish dictionaries, and also in Ottoman Turkish dictionaries, Persian dictionaries as well as in etyimology dictionaries it is indicated that the origin of this word is Persian and it is “gulāc”. In this study, the origin and morphology of the word güllaç are discussed and it is argued that the word can not be related with the root word “gül”, and this word is not a suitable example for this phonetic change, contraction. With the obtained results, it has been proved that the word “güllaç” should not be given as an example for contraction in grammar books and scientic publications.

Comparison of Five Different Serological Assays for Determination of Antibody Levels Against Herpes Virus Type 1 and 2

To aid in the diagnosis of certain clinical types of Herpes virus infections, we evaluated and compared five serological methods for measuring Herpes virus antibody. The five tests we compared are complement fixation test (CF), indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay (IFA), anticomplementary immunofluorescent assay (ACIF), enzyme linked immunoassay test (ELISA), and the latex agglutination test (LA). The main objective of this study was to establish which of the currently available serologic tests was best suited for clinical laboratory use and which may then replace the complement fixation test. In the comparative testing, one hundred twenty serum samples were divided into four groups which were based on their complement fixation test results. The groups were negative, low positive, high positive and blind samples. A commercial indirect fluorescent antibody test was compared and was found to be easy to perform and cost effective. The problems with the IFA test is that it has low specificity and high false-positive predictability. A third test compared was a commercially available ELISA kit, which was shown to be rapid and sensitive. This test appeared to have a high false-positive rate based upon results obtained from cell culture control beads. The ACIF test was also included. It eliminated the false positive problems observed with the IFA. The final test method was a commercial latex agglutination kit, which performed similarly with the other tests. In our hands we have found the latex agglutination test to be most ideal

Modelling of streamflow series using wavelet transform technique

Çalışmada işaret işleme sahasında kullanılan dalgacık dönüşümü tekniği hidrolojik akım serilerinin tahmininde kullanılmıştır. İlk olarak sürekli dalgacık dönüşümü ve global spektrum yardımı ile ölçüm serileri analiz edilmiştir. İki ayrı ölçüm istasyonuna ait akarsu akım serileri ayrık dalgacık dönüşümü uygulanarak bileşenlerine ayrılmıştır. Elde edilen bileşenler geliştirilen regresyon tipi bir model yardımı modellenmiştir. Modelde tahmin eden ve tahmin ettirici değişkenler yerine akım serilerinin ayrık dalgacık dönüşümü bileşenleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar farklı hata kriterleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Modelleme sonuçlarında bölgenin iklim karakteristiğine uygun bileşenler arasında kurulan modellerin diğer modellere göre bir çok hata kriteri bakımından daha başarılı olduğu görülmüştür. Anahtar Kelimeler: Akarsu akım serilerinin modellenmesi, dalgacık dönüşümü.   Even though earth science phenomena have nonstationary characteristics, they actually include many different secret periodic events occurred in different time periods. Wavelet transform gives better results than former techniques for analyzing these phenomena. In this study, a new modelling technique using discrete wavelet transform, which is a special type of wavelet transform, is presented to increase prediction performance of streamflow time series modelling as an earth science phenomena and to provide physical interpretation. Different periodic components of a streamflow series are always obtained using discrete wavelet transform. The present study differs in that discrete wavelet transform is firstly presented as a modelling technique with application on streamflow process. Instead of response and explanatory measured streamflow series in a linear regression model, discrete wavelet components of such series are used in this study. First of all, discrete wavelet components of streamflow series are analysed by continuous wavelet transform and global wavelet spectrum. Secondly, energy variation of each component of both measured series is calculated. If appropriate components obtained by discrete wavelet transform are used, the performance of streamflow models can be increased. This technique is applied to regression models, because they are simple and widely used in practical applications. Energy variation, correlation coefficients and error values of the constituted models are compared with each other. This new technique offers good advantage in streamflow modelling. Keywords: Modelling of streamflow series, wavelet transform.

Performance comparison of plate heat exchangers designed using Taguchi method and computational fluid dynamics

In this study, thermal and hydraulic performances of cross flow plate heat exchangers, designed using Taguchi method and Computational Fluid Dynamics, in a small capacity (50-200 m(3)/h) air to air heat recovery device were compared. The plate heat exchangers, which are designed to have high flow effectiveness and sensible effectiveness, number of sub-channel, channel height, average air velocity and sheet material variables were determined. The equations for flow effectiveness and recovered thermal power, including variables and second order interactions of variables, were derived by multiple regression analysis for flow effective and thermally effective plate heat exchangers. The performances of 3-dimensional plate heat exchangers using finite volume based ANSYS/Fluent were compared in different volumetric flow rates. The channel height and average air velocity were determined as the most influential variables in the design of plate heat exchanger. It was found that on average 50% more heat was recovered and thermal effectiveness was on average 35% higher in the thermal effective model, while pressure drop was on average 2.5 times less and flow effectiveness was on average 10% higher in the flow effective model When the recovered thermal power at the fresh side and flow effectiveness are evaluated together, the optimum average flow velocities for both models was determined to be range of 1.5-2 m/s (similar to 90 divided by similar to 110 m(3)/h)

Modelling of streamflow series using wavelet transform technique

Çalışmada işaret işleme sahasında kullanılan dalgacık dönüşümü tekniği hidrolojik akım serilerinin tahmininde kullanılmıştır. İlk olarak sürekli dalgacık dönüşümü ve global spektrum yardımı ile ölçüm serileri analiz edilmiştir. İki ayrı ölçüm istasyonuna ait akarsu akım serileri ayrık dalgacık dönüşümü uygulanarak bileşenlerine ayrılmıştır. Elde edilen bileşenler geliştirilen regresyon tipi bir model yardımı modellenmiştir. Modelde tahmin eden ve tahmin ettirici değişkenler yerine akım serilerinin ayrık dalgacık dönüşümü bileşenleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar farklı hata kriterleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Modelleme sonuçlarında bölgenin iklim karakteristiğine uygun bileşenler arasında kurulan modellerin diğer modellere göre bir çok hata kriteri bakımından daha başarılı olduğu görülmüştür. Anahtar Kelimeler: Akarsu akım serilerinin modellenmesi, dalgacık dönüşümü.   Even though earth science phenomena have nonstationary characteristics, they actually include many different secret periodic events occurred in different time periods. Wavelet transform gives better results than former techniques for analyzing these phenomena. In this study, a new modelling technique using discrete wavelet transform, which is a special type of wavelet transform, is presented to increase prediction performance of streamflow time series modelling as an earth science phenomena and to provide physical interpretation. Different periodic components of a streamflow series are always obtained using discrete wavelet transform. The present study differs in that discrete wavelet transform is firstly presented as a modelling technique with application on streamflow process. Instead of response and explanatory measured streamflow series in a linear regression model, discrete wavelet components of such series are used in this study. First of all, discrete wavelet components of streamflow series are analysed by continuous wavelet transform and global wavelet spectrum. Secondly, energy variation of each component of both measured series is calculated. If appropriate components obtained by discrete wavelet transform are used, the performance of streamflow models can be increased. This technique is applied to regression models, because they are simple and widely used in practical applications. Energy variation, correlation coefficients and error values of the constituted models are compared with each other. This new technique offers good advantage in streamflow modelling. Keywords: Modelling of streamflow series, wavelet transform.

Relationships between site index and some edaphic and physographic factors of pure oriental spruce (picea orientalis link.) in Artvin Genya Mountain

Bu araştırma Artvin Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü, Artvin Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü, Merkez İşletme Şefliği sınırları içerisindeki Genya Dağı bölgesinde yayılış gösteren saf Doğu Ladini meşcerelerinde bonitet endeksi ile bazı edafik ve fizyografik özellikler arasındaki ilişkilerin saptanabilmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla Genya Dağı bölgesinde saf olarak yayılış gösteren Doğu Ladini meşcerelerinden 50 tane deneme alanı seçilmiş, her bir deneme alanına ilişkin fizyografik ve edafik özellikler belirlenmiştir. Toprağa ilişkin özelliklerin belirlenebilmesi için toprak profilleri açılmış ve örnekler alınmıştır. Ayrıca her bir deneme alanında meşcerelerin bonitet endeksi (100 yaşındaki üst boy) belirlenmiştir. Meşcere bonitet endeksi ile edafik ve fizyografik faktörler arasındaki ilişkiler korelasyon analizi ile sorgulanmıştır. Bu ekolojik etmenlerden eğim, fizyolojik toprak derinliği, mutlak toprak derinliği, Ah ve B horizonundaki kil ve kum miktarıları (%) ile bonitet endeksi arasında önemli ve anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuşturThe aim of this study is to explain relationships between site index and some edaphic and physiographic factors of pure oriental spruce (Picea orientalis Link.) in Genya mountain located in central Management district in Artvin State Forest Enterprise. In order to do this study, the fifty sample plots were selected from oriental pure spruce stands in Genya Mountain. Edaphic and physiographic factors in each sample plots were determined. The soil profiles were digged to determine some attributes relating to soil. Also site index of each plots were determined using average height of dominant and co-dominant trees at reference age at 100. The relationships between site index and edaphic and physiographic factors were investigated using correlation analysis Among these ecological factors; slope, physical soil depth, absolute soil depth, the amount of silt and clay in Ah and B Stratus shows significant relations with site index

Relationships between site index and some edaphic and physographic factors of pure oriental spruce (picea orientalis link.) in Artvin Genya Mountain

Bu araştırma Artvin Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü, Artvin Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü, Merkez İşletme Şefliği sınırları içerisindeki Genya Dağı bölgesinde yayılış gösteren saf Doğu Ladini meşcerelerinde bonitet endeksi ile bazı edafik ve fizyografik özellikler arasındaki ilişkilerin saptanabilmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla Genya Dağı bölgesinde saf olarak yayılış gösteren Doğu Ladini meşcerelerinden 50 tane deneme alanı seçilmiş, her bir deneme alanına ilişkin fizyografik ve edafik özellikler belirlenmiştir. Toprağa ilişkin özelliklerin belirlenebilmesi için toprak profilleri açılmış ve örnekler alınmıştır. Ayrıca her bir deneme alanında meşcerelerin bonitet endeksi (100 yaşındaki üst boy) belirlenmiştir. Meşcere bonitet endeksi ile edafik ve fizyografik faktörler arasındaki ilişkiler korelasyon analizi ile sorgulanmıştır. Bu ekolojik etmenlerden eğim, fizyolojik toprak derinliği, mutlak toprak derinliği, Ah ve B horizonundaki kil ve kum miktarıları (%) ile bonitet endeksi arasında önemli ve anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuşturThe aim of this study is to explain relationships between site index and some edaphic and physiographic factors of pure oriental spruce (Picea orientalis Link.) in Genya mountain located in central Management district in Artvin State Forest Enterprise. In order to do this study, the fifty sample plots were selected from oriental pure spruce stands in Genya Mountain. Edaphic and physiographic factors in each sample plots were determined. The soil profiles were digged to determine some attributes relating to soil. Also site index of each plots were determined using average height of dominant and co-dominant trees at reference age at 100. The relationships between site index and edaphic and physiographic factors were investigated using correlation analysis Among these ecological factors; slope, physical soil depth, absolute soil depth, the amount of silt and clay in Ah and B Stratus shows significant relations with site index

Soil respiration and root biomass responses to burning in calabrian pine (Pinus brutia) stands in Edirne,Turkey

In this study, soil properties and root biomass responses to prescribed fire were investigated in 25-30 year-old calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) stands in Edirne, Turkey. The stands were established by planting and were subjected to prescribed burning in July, 2005. Soil respiration rates were determined every two monthsusing the soda-lime method over a two-year period. Fine (>2 mmdiameter) and small root (>2-5 mm diameter) biomass were sampled approximately bimonthly using the sequential coring method. Soil respiration rates in burned sites were significantly higher than in control sites during the summer season but there was no significant difference in the other seasons. Soil respiration rates were correlated significantly with soil moisture and soil temperature. Fine and small root biomasswere significantly lower in burned sites than in control sites. Mean fine root biomass values were 3204 kg ha-1 for burned and 3772 kg ha-1 for control sites.Annual soil CO releases totaled 515 g C m-2 for burned and 418 g C m-2 for control sites. Our results indicate that, depending on site conditions, fire could be used successfully as a tool in the management of calabrian pine stands in the study area

Relationships between the permanents of a certain type of k-tridiagonal symmetric Toeplitz matrix and the Chebyshev polynomials

In this study, the recursive relations between the permanents of a certain type of the k-tridiagonal symmetric Toeplitz matrix with complex entries and the Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind are presented

YAT MOBİLYASI İMALATI VE İŞLETMELERİN KARŞILAŞTIKLARI SORUNLAR ÜZERİNE ALAN ARAŞTIRMASI

Bu çalışmayla, Gemi İnşa Sanayii’nin alt kolu olan yat inşasında, mobilya imalatı yapan firmalar incelenmiştir. Küçük ve lüks olmayan yatların iç mekan tasarımı ve mobilya imalatı genellikle mikro ölçekteki işletmeler tarafından yapıldığı için çalışmanın evreni 12m ve üzeri boya sahip lüks yat üreticileri olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma, Marmara bölgesindeki firmalarla yüz yüze görüşme yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmadaki yat inşa eden tersane ve mobilya ve dekorasyon imalatı yapan firmaların belirlenmesinde ilgili illerin Sanayi Odaları, Deniz Ticaret Odası, Gemi İnşa Sanayicileri Birliği, Yat ve Tekne Endüstrisi Federasyonu gibi kurum ve kuruluşların kayıtlarına ilaveten fuar broşürleri de kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen işletme bilgileri; Tersane, iç mekan tasarımı ve mobilya ve dekorasyon imali şeklinde 3 farklı gruba ayrılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda işletmelerin faaliyet sorunları belirlenip bunlara ilişkin değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır