375 research outputs found
Learning an Approximate Model Predictive Controller with Guarantees
A supervised learning framework is proposed to approximate a model predictive
controller (MPC) with reduced computational complexity and guarantees on
stability and constraint satisfaction. The framework can be used for a wide
class of nonlinear systems. Any standard supervised learning technique (e.g.
neural networks) can be employed to approximate the MPC from samples. In order
to obtain closed-loop guarantees for the learned MPC, a robust MPC design is
combined with statistical learning bounds. The MPC design ensures robustness to
inaccurate inputs within given bounds, and Hoeffding's Inequality is used to
validate that the learned MPC satisfies these bounds with high confidence. The
result is a closed-loop statistical guarantee on stability and constraint
satisfaction for the learned MPC. The proposed learning-based MPC framework is
illustrated on a nonlinear benchmark problem, for which we learn a neural
network controller with guarantees.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, to appear in IEEE Control Systems Letter
Stability and performance in MPC using a finite-tail cost
In this paper, we provide a stability and performance analysis of model
predictive control (MPC) schemes based on finite-tail costs. We study the MPC
formulation originally proposed by Magni et al. (2001) wherein the standard
terminal penalty is replaced by a finite-horizon cost of some stabilizing
control law. In order to analyse the closed loop, we leverage the more recent
technical machinery developed for MPC without terminal ingredients. For a
specified set of initial conditions, we obtain sufficient conditions for
stability and a performance bound in dependence of the prediction horizon and
the extended horizon used for the terminal penalty. The main practical benefit
of the considered finite-tail cost MPC formulation is the simpler offline
design in combination with typically significantly less restrictive bounds on
the prediction horizon to ensure stability. We demonstrate the benefits of the
considered MPC formulation using the classical example of a four tank system
Detecting instruction effects. Deciding between covariance analytical and change-score approach
The article focuses on estimating effects in nonrandomized studies with two outcome measurement occasions and one predictor variable. Given such a design, the analysis approach can be to include the measurement at the previous time point as a predictor in the regression model (ANCOVA), or to predict the change-score of the outcome variable (CHANGE). Researchers demonstrated that both approaches can result in different conclusions regarding the reported effect. Current recommendations on when to apply which approach are, in part, contradictory. In addition, they lack direct reference to the educational and instructional research contexts, since they do not consider latent variable models in which variables are measured without measurement error. This contribution assists researchers in making decisions regarding their analysis model. Using an underlying hypothetical data-generating model, we identify for which kind of data-generating scenario (i.e., under which assumptions) the defined true effect equals the estimated regression coefficients of the ANCOVA and the CHANGE approach. We give empirical examples from instructional research and discuss which approach is more appropriate, respectively. (DIPF/Orig.
Robust adaptive MPC using control contraction metrics
We present a robust adaptive model predictive control (MPC) framework for
nonlinear continuous-time systems with bounded parametric uncertainty and
additive disturbance. We utilize general control contraction metrics (CCMs) to
parameterize a homothetic tube around a nominal prediction that contains all
uncertain trajectories. Furthermore, we incorporate model adaptation using
set-membership estimation. As a result, the proposed MPC formulation is
applicable to a large class of nonlinear systems, reduces conservatism during
online operation, and guarantees robust constraint satisfaction and convergence
to a neighborhood of the desired setpoint. One of the main technical
contributions is the derivation of corresponding tube dynamics based on CCMs
that account for the state and input dependent nature of the model mismatch.
Furthermore, we online optimize over the nominal parameter, which enables
general set-membership updates for the parametric uncertainty in the MPC.
Benefits of the proposed homothetic tube MPC and online adaptation are
demonstrated using a numerical example involving a planar quadrotor.Comment: This is the accepted version of the paper in Automatica, 202
Analysis and design of model predictive control frameworks for dynamic operation -- An overview
This article provides an overview of model predictive control (MPC)
frameworks for dynamic operation of nonlinear constrained systems. Dynamic
operation is often an integral part of the control objective, ranging from
tracking of reference signals to the general economic operation of a plant
under online changing time-varying operating conditions. We focus on the
particular challenges that arise when dealing with such more general control
goals and present methods that have emerged in the literature to address these
issues. The goal of this article is to present an overview of the
state-of-the-art techniques, providing a diverse toolkit to apply and further
develop MPC formulations that can handle the challenges intrinsic to dynamic
operation. We also critically assess the applicability of the different
research directions, discussing limitations and opportunities for further
researc
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