And the first shall be the last

This study analyzes the puzzle of Hungarian economic drifting in a long run perspective. The underlying puzzle for the investigation is why bad policies are invariably popular and good policies unpopular, thus why political and economic rationality never overlap. The first part of the article summarizes in eight points the basic features of the postwar period. Then six lessons are offered, which might be useful for other countries in transition or for students of comparative economics and politics, lessons that can be generalized on the basis of the individual country experience

Possible substrates for Acetone-Butanol and Ethanol fermentation based on organic by-products

An assessment study was carried out on available biomass by-products in Hungary, and also several fruit juice wastes were evaluated for their accessibility to enzymatic hydrolysis. Among the fruit juice residue samples examined the best results were obtained with apple, peach, apricot and tomato. It can be shown that using intensive stirring, higher conversions can be reached. Highest conversion of 98 % - based on carbohydrate content - was obtained with frozen and thawed apple residues. ABE fermentation of apple pulp hydrolysate supplemented with glucose yielded high solvent concentrations up to 22.5 gil. For growth and solvent production supplementation by additional nutrients was not essential, however, this accelerated the process. Ethanol fermentation by baker's yeast was carried out on apple pulp hydrolysate supplemented with glucose. This also gave reasonable yields of about 90 % - based on glucose consumption

2006: Real-time, cooperative enterprises: requirements and solution approaches

Abstract: In addition of the four main R&D directions, i.e., adaptive manufacturing, digital manufacturing, knowledge-based manufacturing, and networked manufacturing, emphasised by the European initiative Manufuture, two additional requirements, i.e., the real-timeness and cooperativeness of production structures are also outlined in the paper, which are of high and increasing importance. The paper highlights the main results of a national R&D project in Hungary on Digital Enterprises, Production Networks, and the main concept of a new, just started

Towards the realization of Digital Enterprises

Today’s complex manufacturing systems operate in a changing environment rife with uncertainty. The performance of manufacturing companies ultimately hinges on their ability to rapidly adapt their production to current internal and external circumstances. Partly based on a running national research project on digital enterprises and production networks, the paper illustrates how the concepts of intelligent manufacturing systems and digital enterprises can contribute to the solution of the above problems. Keywords: Digital Enterprises, Production Networks, Intelligent Manufacturin