Boundaries of the Turkish Diaspora

This article briefly investigates the evolution of Turkish diaspora over the course of history and pays particular attention to major diaspora formation approaches. Then, it focuses on the Turkish Diaspora within which, before all else, emigration and changing borders are considered major components for diaspora formation. This paper also demonstrates that the history of Turkish emigrant communities began in the 19th century during the Ottoman era and dramatically increased after WWII, during the Turkish Republic era. This study, in particular, focuses on autochthonous aspects of the Turkish diaspora, which came into existence as a result of the Ottoman State’s territorial losses

Physical and chemical properties of recently deposited sediments in the reservoir of the Borcka Dam in Artvin, Turkey

This study was supported by the Department of Scientific Research Projects of Artvin Coruh University (Project Number: 2013.F12.02.03).Large dams produce important changes in flow regime and sediment deposition and distribution in rivers. When inundation starts with the building of dams, water surface area increases, flow rate decreases, and sediment carried by the river is deposited in the reservoir. However, there is a lack of research on the physical and chemical properties of recently deposited sediment in reservoirs of large dams. We aimed to fill this gap in the literature by providing valuable data on the initial formation of sediment deposition areas in reservoirs. Therefore, the aim of this study conducted within the Borcka Dam reservoir was to estimate some physical and chemical properties of deposited sediment, including grain size distribution, penetration resistance, water-stable aggregate, moisture content, organic matter content, and pH at two depths (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm). Another objective was to analyze the distribution of these properties across the sampling site. For this purpose, one of the aforementioned sediment deposition areas, approximately 3.6 ha, was designated as the study site; the study site was further divided into intersecting transects of 10 x 50 m. The penetration resistance values were determined in the field and 182 sediment samples were taken at 91 intersection points of transects, both from the surface (0-10 cm) and subsurface (10-20 cm) layers for laboratory analysis. Data gathered were evaluated using descriptive statistics and ANOVA, while geostatistical analyses were used for calculating spatial variability in the data. Results indicated that the most common texture classes were loam in the surface layer and silty loam in the subsurface layer. Moreover, the penetration resistance values, sand content, and water-stable aggregate values in the surface layer were significantly (P < 0.01) higher than in the subsurface layer, and moisture content, clay and silt content, pH, and organic matter were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in the subsurface layer than in the surface layer. Geostatistical analyses showed that all properties were described by the isotropic variogram and the ranges were lower in the subsurface layer than in the surface layer. This study revealed that the analyzed physical and chemical properties of the recently deposited sediments showed significant differences between the layers

Mathematical Model and Stochastic Multi-Criteria Acceptability Analysis for Facility Location Problem

This paper studies a real-life public sector facility location problem. The problem fundamentally originated from the idea of downsizing the number of service centres. However, opening of new facilities is also considered in case the current facilities fail to fulfil general management demands. Two operation research methodologies are used to solve the problem and the obtained results are compared. First, a mathematical programming model is introduced to determine where the new facilities will be located, and which districts get service from which facilities, as if there were currently no existing facilities. Second, the Stochastic Multi-criteria Acceptability Analysis-TRI (SMAA-TRI) method is used to select the best suitable places for service centres among the existing facilities. It is noted that the application of mathematical programming model and SMAA-TRI integration approach on facility location problem is the first study in literature. Compression of outcomes shows that mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model tries to open facilities in districts which are favoured by SMAA-TRI solution.</span

Mathematical Model and Stochastic Multi-Criteria Acceptability Analysis for Facility Location Problem

This paper studies a real-life public sector facility location problem. The problem fundamentally originated from the idea of downsizing the number of service centres. However, opening of new facilities is also considered in case the current facilities fail to fulfil general management demands. Two operation research methodologies are used to solve the problem and the obtained results are compared. First, a mathematical programming model is introduced to determine where the new facilities will be located, and which districts get service from which facilities, as if there were currently no existing facilities. Second, the Stochastic Multi-criteria Acceptability Analysis-TRI (SMAA-TRI) method is used to select the best suitable places for service centres among the existing facilities. It is noted that the application of mathematical programming model and SMAA-TRI integration approach on facility location problem is the first study in literature. Compression of outcomes shows that mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model tries to open facilities in districts which are favoured by SMAA-TRI solution.</span

Management of cervical cancer during pregnancy

WOS: 000373739200023PubMed ID: 26467977Cervical cancer (CC) is the most common gynaecological cancer during pregnancy. The rarity of the disease and lack of randomised control studies have prevented the establishment of treatment guidelines. The management of CC mainly follows the guidelines for the non-pregnant disease state, expert opinions and limited case reports. Although the management of CC diagnosed during pregnancy appears to be a significant dilemma for the patients and specialists, the prognosis of CC is not influenced by pregnancy. The treatment decision should be made collaboratively with a multidisciplinary team consisting of an obstetrician, gynaecologist, oncologist and paediatrician. The concerns of the patient should be taken into account

Determination of Caregiver Burden and Social Support Levels among Caregivers Providing Care for Patients Hospitalized in Palliative Care Clinics

Providing care to someone with a chronic disease requires being physically, emotionally, and mentally energetic. In particular, the presence of a patient with a disease that requires palliative care changes daily activities and routines, increases responsibilities of those who take the responsibility for patient’s care and changes the roles in the family. The objective of this study was to determine the care burden and social support levels among the caregivers providing care for patients hospitalized in palliative care clinics. Materials and Methods: The population of this descriptive and correlational study consisted of caregivers taking care of patients treated at the Palliative Care Clinic of Training and Research Hospital between May and October 2018; the sample consisted of 73 caregivers who volunteered to join the study and were open to communication. Data were collected by questioning patients and their caregivers about their sociodemographic characteristics, using the Caregiver Burden Scale and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Data analysis included percentages, the Kruskal-Wallis test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and the Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient. Results: The average caregivers’ age was 45.44±13.76 years; 75.3% of caregivers were females, 30.1% of caregivers were literate or had primary school degrees. Caregiver’s gender and educational levels were found not to affect caregiving and social support levels; however, the economic status affected caregiving and social support levels. There was a reverse correlation between the caregiver burden and their social support levels. Conclusions: With increased caregiver burden, their social support level decreased. Nurses caring for patients in palliative care clinics will benefit from educating and supporting caregivers about clinic and home care; it will result in a positive level of social support for both caregivers and patients receiving care

YAPAY SİNİR AĞLARI YÖNTEMİ İLE GÖKSU NEHRİ’NİN AKIM TAHMİNİ

Günümüzde kuraklık ve küresel ısınma hissedilir derecede arttığı için, su kaynaklarının kullanımı ve işletilmesi gibi konular oldukça önem kazanmaktadır. Akarsularda akım, ilgili kurumların akarsuyun belirli noktalarına kurdukları ölçüm istasyonları ile belirlenmektedir. Ancak, çeşitli sebeplerle veri alınamaması ve istasyonlarda arıza olması gibi durumlarda bu istasyonların işletilmesi zor olmaktadır. Bu gibi durumlarda eksik veriyi tamamlayabilmek için, son yıllarda su kaynakları mühendisliğinde geniş kullanım alanı bulan yapay sinir ağları (YSA) yöntemi ile Göksu Nehri’nin akım tahmini yapılmıştır. Göksu Nehri’nde bulunan Karahacılı (1714), Kırkkavak (1719) ve Hamam (1720) akım gözlem istasyonlarından alınan 1990–2010 yılları arasında bulunan günlük akım değerleri kullanılarak YSA modelleri geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen modellerin performansları değerlendirilirken, belirginlik katsayısı ve ortalama mutlak hata değerleri kullanılmıştır. Modellerin performansları değerlendirildiğinde, YSA yönteminin akım tahmininde kullanılabilir olduğu görülmüştür

Prognostic Importance of Lymph-Vascular Space Involvement in Stage I Endometrioid Type Endometrial Cancer

Objective:The study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI) in patients with stage I endometrioid-type endometrial carcinoma (EC) and to determine its impact on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS).Methods:Medical records of 611 patients with stage I endometrioid-type EC who underwent surgery at our Ankara Dr. Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Training and Research Hospital Gynecology Clinic were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of LVSI. The primary outcome measures were DFS and OS, and the prognostic significance of LVSI was assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses.Results:We identified 52 LVSI-positive patients among 611 patients with stage I endometrioid EC during the study period; 489 (80%) were classified as stage IA and 122 (20%) as stage IB. The total number of recurrences was 26 (4.3%). LVSI was observed in only 4 patients with recurrence (15.3%). For the LVSI positive patients, the 5-year DFS was 88.7%, whereas the 5-year OS rate was 91.6%. Age >60 years [hazard ratio (HR) 4.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.57-10.59; p=0.004] and tumor size >2.8 cm (HR 2.48, 95%, CI 1.001-6.148; p=0.05) were found to be independent prognostic factors of decreased OS.Conclusion:We found that LVSI in stage I endometrioid-type EC was not a significant predictor of DFS and OS. Patient’s age and tumor size were independent prognostic factors of crude survival. These results suggest that LVSI may not be a useful prognostic marker in this patient population and that further studies are needed to identify more reliable predictors of survival in EC

İlköğretime erişimin mekansal bir analizi

Geographic information systems (GIS) have started to be used in developing information to be used for national and regional development in many areas; however, the use of this system for educational planning has been under-researched. Adopting the case study design, this study evaluated the current locations of primary schools in Afyonkarahisar and offered alternative locations in order to improve access to primary education for the schoolaged population using heuristic location-allocation modelling approaches. An intelligent areal interpolation approach was performed to generate the population surface. The demand surface was used as input to a location-allocation analysis, and alternative locations were suggested. With the current distribution of primary schools, the primary school-aged population would have to travel an average distance of 1466.81m to access primary education. The results show that alternative primary school locations decreased the average travel distance by 339.69m, improving overall accessibility to primary schools. The results suggest that geospatial methods can be used to provide documentary evidence to support education planners and policymakers.Coğrafi bilgi sistemleri (CBS) birçok alanda ulusal ve bölgesel kalkınma için kullanılacak bilgilerin geliştirilmesinde kullanılmaya başlanmış; ancak bu sistemin eğitim planlaması için kullanımı yeterince araştırılmamıştır. Durum çalışması deseni kullanılarak bu çalışmada, Afyonkarahisar merkez ilçesinde yer alan ilkokulların mevcut konumları değerlendirilmiş ve buluşsal konum tahsis modelleme yaklaşımlarını kullanarak okul çağındaki nüfusun ilköğretime erişimini iyileştirmek için alternatif konumlar sunulmuştur. İlköğretim çağındaki nüfusun dağılışını oluşturmak için mekânsal enterpolasyon yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Okullara olan talep yüzeyi, yeni bir yer tahsisi analizinde girdi olarak kullanılmış ve yeni okullar için alternatif lokasyonlar önerilmiştir. İlkokulların mevcut konumuna göre, ilköğretim çağındaki öğrencilerin okullarına erişmek için ortalama 1466,81m mesafe kat etmesi gerekmektedir. Uygulanan konum tahsis model sonuçları, alternatif ilkokul lokasyonlarının ortalama erişim mesafesini 339,69m azalttığını ve okullara genel erişilebilirliği iyileştirdiğini göstermektedir. Elde edilen bulgular, jeo-uzamsal yöntemlerin eğitim planlayıcıları ve politika yapıcıları desteklemek için belgesel kanıt niteliğinde kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir

Influence of Preoperative Pain Duration on Microsurgical Varicocelectomy Outcomes

Objective. To investigate the question of whether duration of pain before surgery ultimately affects sperm parameters after varicocelectomy. Methods. Fifty patients with painful grade-3 varicocele were investigated prospectively. The patients were divided into two groups according to their symptom period. The patients having had grade-3 varicocele for less than 1 year were included in Group-1 (Ge, n=25). Twenty-five patients who had painful grade-3 varicocele for more than 1 year (Gs, n=25) were classified in Group-2. Semen analysis was performed after 3 days of sexual abstinence twice a month. Total sperm concentration (TSC), rapidly progressive motility (SPa), and slow or sluggish motility (SPb) rates were noted. Pain was evaluated by using 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS). Results. Postoperative TSC and %SPb were significantly higher in both groups (P=0.01). There was no difference between two groups for preoperative and postoperative TSC, %SPa, % and SPb values. VAS significantly declined in both groups (P=0.005). This postoperative decline was not significant for intergroup comparison. Conclusions. Our results show that increase in semen quality and decrease in the pain after microsurgery varicocelectomy do not depend on the duration of the preoperative pain