Type of Deepbite in Orthodontic Treated Patients

Deep bite is a common malocclusion that can occur in both children and adults. It is defined as an excessive vertical overlap of the upper teeth on the labial surface of the lower teeth when the teeth are in centric occlusion. Deep bite can be classified according to its origin (dental or skeletal), function (true or pseudo), and extent (incomplete or complete). The aetiological factors of deep bite include inherent factors (tooth morphology, skeletal pattern, and malocclusion) and acquired factors (muscular habit, change in tooth position, loss of posterior supporting tooth, and lateral tongue thrusting habit). Deep bite is more common in some racial groupings than others, and it is associated with compromising periodontal health of maxillary anteriors and the palatal tissue. This study found that 58% of orthodontic patients had deep bite, and 71% of those had incomplete deep bite. Females were more likely to have deep bite than males

Non-Invasive Reproductive Hormone Monitoring in the Endangered Pygmy Hog (Porcula salvania)

The pygmy hog (Porcula salvania), until recently was classified as a critically endangered suid facing the threat of extinction due to habitat degradation. Efforts are being made to protect the pygmy hog from extinction and breed them in captivity under the Pygmy Hog Conservation Programme (PHCP). However, very little information is available on the reproductive physiology of pygmy hogs. Therefore, the present study aims to standardize enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for monitoring pregnancy and reproductive status using progesterone and testosterone metabolites. A total of 785 fecal samples were collected from five females and two males over a period of one year from the PHCP Research and Breeding Centre, Guwahati, Assam. High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed the presence of immunoreactive progesterone and testosterone metabolites in feces. Mating was observed in all five females, and four of them gave birth successfully. We were able to detect pregnancy using fecal progesterone metabolites. The mean gestation period, based on mating and parturition, was estimated to be 153.25 days from the four females studied. The breeding center recorded 172 births between 1996 and 2000 and found strong seasonal patterns in the birth rate, with most of the births occurring between May and June. In the males, fecal testosterone metabolites were significantly higher in the breeding season than in the non-breeding season. This is the first study on the subject and will help with future breeding programs in other captive breeding centers and with reproductive monitoring of reintroduced populations

Size Evolution of Protein-Protected Gold Clusters in Solution: A Combined SAXS-MS Investigation

We report a combined small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and mass spectrometric (MS) study of the growth of gold clusters within proteins, in the solution state. Two different proteins, namely, lysozyme (Lyz) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), were used for this study. SAXS study of clusters grown in Lyz shows the presence of a 0.8 nm gold core, which is in agreement with the Au-10 cluster observed in MS. Dynamic light scattering suggests the size of the cluster core to be 1.2 nm. For BSA, however, a bigger core size was observed, comparable to the Au-33 core obtained in MS. Concentration- and time-dependent data do not show much change in the core size in both SAXS and MS investigations. When metal-protein adducts were incubated for longer time in solution, nanoparticles were formed and protein size decreased, possibly due to the fragmentation of the latter during nanoparticle formation. The data are in agreement with dynamic light scattering studies. This work helps to directly visualize cluster growth within protein templates in solution

Isolation and Characterization of “Terrein” an Antimicrobial and Antitumor Compound from Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus terreus (JAS-2) Associated from Achyranthus aspera Varanasi, India

The present study aimed at characterizing biological potentials of endophyte Aspergillus terreus JAS-2 isolated from Achyranthus aspera. Crude extracted from endophytic fungus JAS-2 was purified and chemically characterized by chromatographic and spectroscopic studies respectively. Spectral assignment of NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) data, 1H proton and 13C carbon analysis along with FTIR data elucidated the structure of compound as 4,5-Dihydroxy-3-(1-propenyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-one. After purification and identification a set of experiment was conducted to explore efficacy of compound. Results revealed that on accessing the antifungal activity of compound, growth diameter of tested phytopathogenic fungi was reduced to 50% at higher concentration taken (10 μgμl−1). Compound exhibited in-vitro bacterial cell inhibition at 20 μgml−1 concentration along with moderate antioxidant behavior. Evaluation of anticancer activity against human lung cancer cell line (A-549) exhibited its IC50 value to be 121.9 ± 4.821 μgml−1. Further cell cycle phase distribution were analyzed on the basis of DNA content and evaluated by FACS (Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting) and it was revealed that at 150 μgml−1 of compound maximum cells were found in sub G1 phase which represents apoptotic dead cells. Terrein (4, 5-Dihydroxy-3-(1-propenyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-one) a multi-potential was isolated from endophytic fungus JAS-2, from well recognized medicinal herb A. aspera. To best of our knowledge, this is the first report of “Terrein” from endophytic derived fungus. This compound had also exhibited anticancer and antifungal activity against human lung cancer cell line A-549 and Bipolaris sorokiniana respectively which is causal organism of many plants disease. Hence endophytes are serving as alternative sources of drug molecules

Endoplasmic reticulum maintains ion homeostasis required for plasma membrane repair

International audienceOf the many crucial functions of the ER, homeostasis of physiological calcium increase is critical for signaling. Plasma membrane (PM) injury causes a pathological calcium influx. Here, we show that the ER helps clear this surge in cytoplasmic calcium through an ER-resident calcium pump, SERCA, and a calcium-activated ion channel, Anoctamin 5 (ANO5). SERCA imports calcium into the ER, and ANO5 supports this by maintaining electroneutrality of the ER lumen through anion import. Preventing either of these transporter activities causes cytosolic calcium overload and disrupts PM repair (PMR). ANO5 deficit in limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2L (LGMD2L) patient cells compromises their cytosolic and ER calcium homeostasis. By generating a mouse model of LGMD2L, we find that PM injury causes cytosolic calcium overload and compromises the ability of ANO5-deficient myofibers to repair. Addressing calcium overload in ANO5-deficient myofibers enables them to repair, supporting the requirement of the ER in calcium homeostasis in injured cells and facilitating PMR

Correction to “Size Evolution of Protein-Protected Gold Clusters in Solution: A Combined SAXS-MS Investigation”

Correction to “Size Evolution of Protein-Protected Gold Clusters in Solution: A Combined SAXS-MS Investigation