Reliability and Concurrent and Construct Validity of a Food Frequency Questionnaire for Pregnant Women at High Risk to Develop Fetal Growth Restriction

Accuracy of dietary assessment instruments such as food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) is crucial in the evaluation of diet-disease relationships. Test-retest reliability and concurrent and construct validity of a FFQ were evaluated in 150 pregnant women at high risk to develop fetal growth restriction randomly selected from those included in the improving mothers for better prenatal care trial Barcelona (IMPACT BCN). The FFQ and dietary records were performed at baseline and 34-36 weeks of gestation. Test-retest reliability of the FFQ for 12 food groups and 17 nutrients was moderate (ICC = 0.55) and good (ICC = 0.60), respectively. Concurrent validity between food, nutrients and a composite Mediterranean diet score (MedDiet score) and food records was fair for foods and nutrients (ρ average = 0.38 and 0.32, respectively) and moderate (r = 0.46) for the MedDiet score. Validation with biological markers ranged from poor (r = 0.07) for olives to moderate (r = 0.41) for nuts. A fair concordance between methods were found for nutrients (weighted κ = 0.22) and foods (weighted κ = 0.27). The FFQ-derived MedDiet score correlated in anticipated directions with intakes of nutrients and foods derived by food records. The FFQ showed a moderate test-retest reliability and reasonable validity to rank women according to their food and nutrient consumption and adherence to the Mediterranean diet

Child behavior, feeding practices, and health in the context of obesity

Programa de Doctorat en Alimentació i Nutrició[eng] Childhood obesity is a global public health problem with aggravating consequences during adulthood, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders, and some types of cancers. The reason is that obesity is a complex disease with multiple risk factors at play, at the individual, family, and community levels. The objectives of the thesis were to study several obesity-related factors including children’s diet, sedentary behaviors, physical activity, and health-related quality of life as well as maternal diet, education, parental feeding practices and perception of child´s weight. This thesis regrouped a prospective and a cross-sectional study. The POIBC prospective study was carried out in children aged 8 to 10 and the PERCEPS cross-sectional study was conducted in children aged 5 to 9. Findings from the POIBC prospective study showed that maternal diet and TV time was positively associated with child´s diet and TV viewing. On the other hand, maternal physical activity was not predictive of children´s physical activity. Low maternal education was associated with higher consumption of baked goods, sweets and fast-food and predicted longer screen time in children. Children´s adherence to the Mediterranean diet was positively associated with children´s health-related quality of life. From the PERCEPS cross-sectional study, we observed that children perceived as underweight were applied more pressure-to-eat whereas children with overweight perceived as such or as normal weight experienced less pressure-to-eat. Children accurately identified as overweight presented higher restriction scores. Monitoring and restriction were positively associated with higher BMI z-scores in children while pressure-to-eat presented the inverse association. However, monitoring was positively associated with child’s adherence to the Mediterranean diet whereas restriction and pressure-to-eat were negatively associated. Results from this thesis provide evidence on the impact of several lifestyle factors on childhood obesity. This evidence was drawn from observational studies and therefore lacks causality

Child behavior, feeding practices, and health in the context of obesity

[eng] Childhood obesity is a global public health problem with aggravating consequences during adulthood, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders, and some types of cancers. The reason is that obesity is a complex disease with multiple risk factors at play, at the individual, family, and community levels. The objectives of the thesis were to study several obesity-related factors including children’s diet, sedentary behaviors, physical activity, and health-related quality of life as well as maternal diet, education, parental feeding practices and perception of child´s weight. This thesis regrouped a prospective and a cross-sectional study. The POIBC prospective study was carried out in children aged 8 to 10 and the PERCEPS cross-sectional study was conducted in children aged 5 to 9. Findings from the POIBC prospective study showed that maternal diet and TV time was positively associated with child´s diet and TV viewing. On the other hand, maternal physical activity was not predictive of children´s physical activity. Low maternal education was associated with higher consumption of baked goods, sweets and fast-food and predicted longer screen time in children. Children´s adherence to the Mediterranean diet was positively associated with children´s health-related quality of life. From the PERCEPS cross-sectional study, we observed that children perceived as underweight were applied more pressure-to-eat whereas children with overweight perceived as such or as normal weight experienced less pressure-to-eat. Children accurately identified as overweight presented higher restriction scores. Monitoring and restriction were positively associated with higher BMI z-scores in children while pressure-to-eat presented the inverse association. However, monitoring was positively associated with child’s adherence to the Mediterranean diet whereas restriction and pressure-to-eat were negatively associated. Results from this thesis provide evidence on the impact of several lifestyle factors on childhood obesity. This evidence was drawn from observational studies and therefore lacks causality

Mise au point d'un nouveau système de blanchiment

Afin de mieux répondre aux attentes des praticiens et des patients, le professeur François DURET a eu l'idée d'une nouvelle technique de blanchiment externe, alliant blanchiment traditionnel et méthode électrophorétique, appelée chromophorèse. L'objectif de ce travail est de décrire le processus qui a permis le développement du procédé actuel et sa mise en place au Centre de Soins et de Recherches Dentaires du CHU de Montpellier dans Je cadre d'une étude clinique. Avant cela, nous allons définir la notion de couleur de la dent naturelle et décrire les différentes dyschromies que nous pouvons rencontrer lors de notre pratique quotidienne. De brefs rappels sur le principe de fonctionnement du blanchiment et sur l'évolution des techniques au fauteuil seront également faitsMONTPELLIER-BU Médecine UPM (341722108) / SudocSudocFranceF

Prospective Association between Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Health-Related Quality of Life in Spanish Children

Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) is gaining attention in children and adolescents because it is an important outcome of their health status and well-being. Therefore, it is important to identify determinants for HRQoL. Currently, there is scarce and mainly cross-sectional evidence on the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and HRQoL in children and adolescents. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to assess the prospective association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and HRQoL in Spanish children. The study was carried out in 1371 children aged 8 to 10 from different Catalan elementary schools with a medium follow-up of 15 months. The KidMed and KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaires were used to assess the relationship between diet and HRQoL, respectively. The KidMed score at baseline was positively associated with HRQoL (β = 0.320; 95% CI 0.101–0.540) after adjusting for confounders. Additionally, the logistic regression analysis showed positive associations between baseline consumption of fruit, vegetables, pulses, and high adherence to the Mediterranean diet and HRQoL at follow-up (p < 0.05 for all) while the consumption of fast-food, pasta or rice, baked good or pastries, and sweets were negatively correlated (p < 0.05 for all) with HRQoL at follow-up. In conclusion, adherence of the Mediterranean diet was predictive for HRQoL in Spanish children, but further prospective studies are needed to confirm this result

Association between meal frequency and weight status in Spanish children: a prospective cohort study

Childhood obesity is a major international problem, and unhealthy eating habits remain widespread. Increasing the frequency of meals of nutritious food can help children to regulate their appetite and maintain a healthy weight. However, there is scarce prospective evidence on the relationship between the meal frequency and weight outcomes. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the prospective association between the meal frequency, body mass index, and waist circumference in Spanish children. Additionally, we analyzed the impact of the meal frequency on the incidence of excessive weight and abdominal obesity. The study included 1400 children with a mean (SD) age of 10.1 (0.6) and an average follow-up of 15 months. Anthropometric measurements, including the body weight, height, and waist circumference, were measured by trained personnel, and children were asked about whether they usually had the following meals: breakfast, a mid-morning snack, lunch, an afternoon snack, and dinner. Multiple linear regression models revealed a significant (p < 0.05) inverse association between the meal frequency with a standardized BMI (zBMI) and the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) after adjusting for sex, age, allocation to an intervention group, school, maternal education, physical activity, diet quality, and for the corresponding outcome variable at the baseline. Furthermore, the odds of developing abdominal obesity or excessive weight during the follow-up significantly decreased with an increase in the meal frequency after controlling for the same confounders. In conclusion, a higher meal frequency at the baseline was predictive for a lower zBMI, WHtR, and odds of the incidence of excessive weight and abdominal obesity

Association between Meal Frequency and Weight Status in Spanish Children: A Prospective Cohort Study

Childhood obesity is a major international problem, and unhealthy eating habits remain widespread. Increasing the frequency of meals of nutritious food can help children to regulate their appetite and maintain a healthy weight. However, there is scarce prospective evidence on the relationship between the meal frequency and weight outcomes. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the prospective association between the meal frequency, body mass index, and waist circumference in Spanish children. Additionally, we analyzed the impact of the meal frequency on the incidence of excessive weight and abdominal obesity. The study included 1400 children with a mean (SD) age of 10.1 (0.6) and an average follow-up of 15 months. Anthropometric measurements, including the body weight, height, and waist circumference, were measured by trained personnel, and children were asked about whether they usually had the following meals: breakfast, a mid-morning snack, lunch, an afternoon snack, and dinner. Multiple linear regression models revealed a significant (p &lt; 0.05) inverse association between the meal frequency with a standardized BMI (zBMI) and the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) after adjusting for sex, age, allocation to an intervention group, school, maternal education, physical activity, diet quality, and for the corresponding outcome variable at the baseline. Furthermore, the odds of developing abdominal obesity or excessive weight during the follow-up significantly decreased with an increase in the meal frequency after controlling for the same confounders. In conclusion, a higher meal frequency at the baseline was predictive for a lower zBMI, WHtR, and odds of the incidence of excessive weight and abdominal obesity

Prospective Association of Maternal Educational Level with Child's Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Diet Quality

Evidence has identified unhealthy lifestyle behaviors as the main contributors to obesity in children, so it is essential to identify factors that could influence children's lifestyles. The objective of the present study was to analyze the association of baseline maternal educational level with child's physical activity, screen time, and dietary habits at follow-up. This community-based cohort study was carried out between 2012 and 2014 and included 1405 children aged 8 to 10 years old. Maternal educational level was used as an indicator of child's socioeconomic status. Physical activity, screen time, and dietary habits were assessed by validated questionnaires. The odds of having commercially baked goods for breakfast [OR 1.47 (95% CI 1.03 to 2.10)], going more than once a week to a fast-food restaurant [OR 1.64 (95% CI 1.20 to 2.26)], and taking sweets and candys several times a day [OR 3.23 (95% CI 2.14 to 4.87) were significantly higher among children whose mothers had a lower educational level compared to their peers whose mothers had a higher level. These associations held for taking sweets and candy several times a day after additional adjustment for the corresponding dietary behavior at baseline. Maternal educational level was inversely associated (p < 0.001) with child's screen time at follow up and being in the lowest maternal educational category was associated with an increased odds of surpassing the maximum recommended time of screen time of 120 min per day (OR (95% CI) 1.43 (1.07 to 1.90), p = 0.016). Maternal education is a predictor for unhealthy dietary habits and high screen time in children.This work was supported by a grant from Instituto de Salud Carlos III FEDER, (PI11/01900).Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP) is an initiativeof the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) of Spain, which is financed by the European RegionalDevelopment Fund (ERDF), “A way to make Europe”/“Investing in your future” (CB06/03). Itis supported by the official funding agency for biomedical research of the Spanish government,ISCIII, Spain

Prospective association of maternal educational level with childs physical activity, screen time, and diet quality

Evidence has identified unhealthy lifestyle behaviors as the main contributors to obesity in children, so it is essential to identify factors that could influence children's lifestyles. The objective of the present study was to analyze the association of baseline maternal educational level with child's physical activity, screen time, and dietary habits at follow-up. This community-based cohort study was carried out between 2012 and 2014 and included 1405 children aged 8 to 10 years old. Maternal educational level was used as an indicator of child's socioeconomic status. Physical activity, screen time, and dietary habits were assessed by validated questionnaires. The odds of having commercially baked goods for breakfast [OR 1.47 (95% CI 1.03 to 2.10)], going more than once a week to a fast-food restaurant [OR 1.64 (95% CI 1.20 to 2.26)], and taking sweets and candys several times a day [OR 3.23 (95% CI 2.14 to 4.87) were significantly higher among children whose mothers had a lower educational level compared to their peers whose mothers had a higher level. These associations held for taking sweets and candy several times a day after additional adjustment for the corresponding dietary behavior at baseline. Maternal educational level was inversely associated (p < 0.001) with child's screen time at follow up and being in the lowest maternal educational category was associated with an increased odds of surpassing the maximum recommended time of screen time of 120 min per day (OR (95% CI) 1.43 (1.07 to 1.90), p = 0.016). Maternal education is a predictor for unhealthy dietary habits and high screen time in children

Prospective association of maternal educational level with child's physical activity, screen time, and diet quality

Evidence has identified unhealthy lifestyle behaviors as the main contributors to obesity in children, so it is essential to identify factors that could influence children's lifestyles. The objective of the present study was to analyze the association of baseline maternal educational level with child's physical activity, screen time, and dietary habits at follow-up. This community-based cohort study was carried out between 2012 and 2014 and included 1405 children aged 8 to 10 years old. Maternal educational level was used as an indicator of child's socioeconomic status. Physical activity, screen time, and dietary habits were assessed by validated questionnaires. The odds of having commercially baked goods for breakfast [OR 1.47 (95% CI 1.03 to 2.10)], going more than once a week to a fast-food restaurant [OR 1.64 (95% CI 1.20 to 2.26)], and taking sweets and candys several times a day [OR 3.23 (95% CI 2.14 to 4.87) were significantly higher among children whose mothers had a lower educational level compared to their peers whose mothers had a higher level. These associations held for taking sweets and candy several times a day after additional adjustment for the corresponding dietary behavior at baseline. Maternal educational level was inversely associated (p < 0.001) with child's screen time at follow up and being in the lowest maternal educational category was associated with an increased odds of surpassing the maximum recommended time of screen time of 120 min per day (OR (95% CI) 1.43 (1.07 to 1.90), p = 0.016). Maternal education is a predictor for unhealthy dietary habits and high screen time in children