Udział szlaku sygnałowego cAMP/PKA w hamującym wpływie melatoniny na wydzielanie oksytocyny i wazopresyny z układu podwzgórze–część nerwowa przysadki szczura

Introduction: Melatonin was found to inhibit forskolin-stimulated oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP) release in vitro. The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the contribution of the cyclic 3’,5’-adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) signalling pathway in melatonin-dependent inhibition of OT and VP secretion from the rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial (H-NH) system in vitro. Material and methods: The H-NH explants were placed in 1 ml of normal Krebs-Ringer (nK-R) buffer and first preincubated for 30 min in control buffer or in the presence of PKA inhibitor, i.e. cAMPS-Rp or H-89. Next, they were incubated in nK-R buffer {fluid F1} and then in buffer as F1 enriched with melatonin (10–9 M or 10–7 M) and/or PKA activator, i.e. cAMP analogue (8-Br-cAMP), or their vehicles {fluid F2}. After 20 min of incubation in fluid F1 and then F2, the media were collected and frozen, to be assayed for OT and VP by the RIA. Results: 8-Br-cAMP increased OT and VP secretion when the H-NH explants were preincubated in control medium, while PKA inhibitors eliminated its stimulatory effect on OT and VP release. Melatonin (10–7 M) diminished basal OT and VP output from the H-NH system, and inhibited (at both concentrations studied) the cAMP analogue-stimulated release of both neurohormones under control conditions. The effect of melatonin on OT and VP release was completely blocked when cAMPS-Rp, but not H-89, was used to disrupt the cAMP/ /PKA pathway. Conclusions: Melatonin employs the cAMP/PKA signalling pathway to inhibit OT and VP secretion from the rat H-NH system; nonethe­less, other cAMP-mediated mechanisms are not excluded

Record of the landslide processes in annual growth of Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) roots : example from the Carpathian Foothills

Celem badań było rozpoznanie czasowej i przestrzennej aktywności procesów osuwiskowych z zastosowaniem analizy zmian anatomicznych w korzeniach jodły pospolitej (Abies alba Mill). Ponadto określono zależności między warunkami opadowymi a odnotowanym procesem osuwania. Badania wykonano na niewielkim osuwisku o powierzchni 0,14 ha zlokalizowanym na terenie Pogórza Wiśnickiego, w obrębie płaszczowiny podśląskiej zbudowanej z fliszu karpackiego. Analizie poddano pionowo rosnące korzenie odsłonięte na krawędzi skarpy osuwiskowej. Pomiary anatomiczne drewna były wykonywane w programie WinCELL Pro (Regent). Stwierdzono przydatność w analizach procesów osuwiskowych zastosowania różnych wskaźników zmian anatomicznych. Wykazano zależność aktywności osuwiska z różnymi typami opadów w latach 1970, 1974, 1989, 1997 i 2010.The aim of the research was to detect the landslide activity by means of analysis of wood anatomy of exposed silver fir roots. Additionally we analysed relation between precipitation and landslide activity. The research was carried out on a small landslide (0.14 ha) located in the Wiślickie Foothills within the Podślaska Nappe built of flysch rocks. Vertical roots exposed on the edge of landslide niche were taken under consideration. Wood anatomy changes were analyzed in WinCELL Pro software (Regent). It was concluded that spatial activity of landslides require analysis of different wood anatomy indicators. The relation between the landslide activity and different type of precipitation was revealed for 1970, 1974, 1989, 1997 and 2010

Two-year follow-up of infant and maternal outcomes after planned early delivery or expectant management for late preterm pre-eclampsia (PHOENIX): a randomised controlled trial

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the best time to initiate delivery in late preterm pre-eclampsia in order to optimise long-term infant and maternal outcomes. DESIGN: Parallel-group, non-masked, randomised controlled trial SETTING: 46 UK maternity units POPULATION: Women with pre-eclampsia between 34+0 and 36+6 weeks' gestation, without severe disease, were randomised to planned delivery or expectant management. PRIMARY LONG-TERM OUTCOME: Infant neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years of age, using the PARCA-R (Parent Report of Children's Abilities-Revised) composite score. RESULTS: Between Sept 29, 2014, and Dec 10, 2018, 901 women were enrolled in the trial, with 450 allocated to planned delivery and 451 to expectant management. At 2-year follow-up, the intention-to-treat analysis population included 276 women (290 infants) allocated to planned delivery and 251 women (256 infants) to expectant management. The mean composite standardised PARCA-R scores were 89.5 (standard deviation (SD) 18.2) in the planned delivery group and 91.9 (SD 18.4) in the expectant management group, with an adjusted mean difference of -2.4 (95% CI -5.4 to 0.5) points. CONCLUSION: In infants of women with late preterm pre-eclampsia, average neurodevelopmental assessment at 2 years lies within the normal range, regardless of whether planned delivery or expectant management is pursued. Because of lower than anticipated follow-up, there was limited power to demonstrate these scores were not different, but the small between-group difference in PARCA-R scores is unlikely to be clinically important

Influence of Constant Magnetic Field on Electrodeposition of CoW/Cu/CoW Composite

Magnetic field influences the process of electrolytic deposition of materials, including metal composites. Numerous studies have shown that the magnetic field interferes in the rate of deposition, surface morphology, corrosion resistance, and hardness of the obtained coatings. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of a constant magnetic field on the processes of electrodeposition of the gradient metallic composite CoW/ Cu/CoW, and to compare the morphology of the surface of the composite obtained in and without the involvement of a constant magnetic field. Another step to achieve the objectives was to study the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) phenomenon, involving a change in the material resistance occurring im gradient metallic composites exposed to an external magnetic field. The percentage changes of resistance in constant magnetic field of magnetic induction B = 1T were estimated for CoW/Cu/CoW composite as well as for a reference composite Fe/Cr/Fe, known from the literature.This work was supported by the University of Lodz

The role of de-excitation in the final-state interactions of protons in neutrino-nucleus interactions

Present and next generation of long-baseline accelerator experiments are bringing the measurement of neutrino oscillations into the precision era with ever-increasing statistics. One of the most challenging aspects of achieving such measurements is developing relevant systematic uncertainties in the modeling of nuclear effects in neutrino-nucleus interactions. To address this problem, state-of-the-art detectors are being developed to extract detailed information about all particles produced in neutrino interactions. To fully profit from these experimental advancements, it is essential to have reliable models of propagation of the outgoing hadrons through nuclear matter able to predict how the energy is distributed between all the final-state observed particles. In this article, we investigate the role of nuclear de-excitation in neutrino-nucleus scattering using two Monte Carlo cascade models: NuWro and INCL coupled with the de-excitation code ABLA. The ablation model ABLA is used here for the first time to model de-excitation in neutrino interactions. As input to ABLA, we develop a consistent simulation of nuclear excitation energy tuned to electron-scattering data. The paper includes the characterization of the leading proton kinematics and of the nuclear cluster production during cascade and de-excitation. The observability of nuclear clusters as vertex activity and their role in a precise neutrino energy reconstruction is quantified.Comment: 14 pages, 13 figure

Troska o zdrowie w aspekcie społecznym. Cz. 1

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