Oceanic eddy‑induced modifications to air–sea heat and CO2 fluxes in the Brazil‑Malvinas Confluence

Sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies caused by a warm core eddy (WCE) in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SWA) rendered a crucial influence on modifying the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL). During the first cruise to support the Antarctic Modeling and Observation System (ATMOS) project, a WCE that was shed from the Brazil Current was sampled. Apart from traditional meteorological measurements, we used the Eddy Covariance method to directly measure the ocean–atmosphere sensible heat, latent heat, momentum, and carbon dioxide ( CO2) fluxes. The mechanisms of pressure adjustment and vertical mixing that can make the MABL unstable were both identified. The WCE also acted to increase the surface winds and heat fluxes from the ocean to the atmosphere. Oceanic regions at middle and high latitudes are expected to absorb atmospheric CO2, and are thereby considered as sinks, due to their cold waters. Instead, the presence of this WCE in midlatitudes, surrounded by predominantly cold waters, caused the ocean to locally act as a CO2 source. The contribution to the atmosphere was estimated as 0.3 ± 0.04 mmol m− 2 day− 1, averaged over the sampling period. The CO2 transfer velocity coefficient (K) was determined using a quadratic fit and showed an adequate representation of ocean–atmosphere fluxes. The ocean–atmosphere CO2, momentum, and heat fluxes were each closely correlated with the SST. The increase of SST inside the WCE clearly resulted in larger magnitudes of all of the ocean–atmosphere fluxes studied here. This study adds to our understanding of how oceanic mesoscale structures, such as this WCE, affect the overlying atmosphere

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Analise sazonal dos fluxos radiativos no oceano Atlantico Tropical

This work seeks analyze the radiative flux in the tropical Atlantic from Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set. The flux analyzed are solar radiation, outgoing long radiation, net surface heat flux, sensible and latente flux. It was done a harmonic analysis to know the seasonal variability with objective to identifield the areas with largest amplitudes and variances. The harmonic analysis shows that solar radiation and net surface heat flux have a behaviour out of phase in -10\ub0-30\ub0, 10\ub0-30\ub0 and at west Atlantic. Next Guinea Gulf the semi-annual harmonic explicated the 90% of variance. The analysis of maximus and minimus of net surface heat flux and solar radiation not is coincident with maximus and minimus of sea surface temperature, showing the strong influence of heat carry of oceanic currents. RESUMO: A partir dos dados provenientes do Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set é feita uma análise dos fluxos radiativos (Radiação Solar, Saldo de Radiação de Ondas Longas, Fluxo de Calor Sensível e Latente e do saldo do fluxo de calor a superfície), com o objetivo de conhecer suas variabilidades sazonais e possíveis implicações no comportamento da temperatura da superfície do mar. A análise harmônica mostrou um comportamento de fase entre a radiação solar incidente e o saldo do fluxo de calor a superfície fora da zona equatorial e na parte oeste da bacia. Junto ao Golfo da Guiné o harmônico anual não explica a variabilidade dos dados mostrando a forte influência do ciclo semi-anual. A observação entre os máximos e mínimos do saldo do fluxo de calor a superfície e da radiação incidente não é coincidente com os máximos e mínimos da temperatura superfície do mar, ilustrando a forte influência do entranhamento e do calor transportado pelas correntes oceânicas como moduladora da temperatura superfície do mar.Pages: 2787-279

Programa de monitoramento de queimadas e prevencao de controle de incendios florestais no arco do desflorestamento na Amazonia

O Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE do Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia e o Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e Recursos Naturais Renováveis- IBAMA do Ministério do Meio Ambiente, dos Recursos Hídricos e Amazônia Legal implantaram em maio de 1998 um sistema para detecção e controle de queimadas e incêndios florestais na região do Arco do Desflorestamento da Amazônia. Diariamente imagens do satélite NOAA 12 e 14 são processadas pela Divisão de Satélites Ambientais do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, que extrai os focos de calor e respectivas coordenadas geográficas. Adicionalmente, o sistema incorpora as informações meteorológicas observadas e previstas produzidas pelo Centro de Previsão de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos - CPTEC do INPE. As informações meteorológicas também são integradas a um Sistema de Informações Geográficas -SIG, junto com os dados de sensoriamento remoto em divisões políticas municipal e estadual, rede de drenagem e malha rodoviária. A observação da distribuição espacial dos focos de calor mostrou um comportamento em fase com o período de estiagem, onde a maior incidência foi observada no Brasil central com um número total de aproximadamente 90000 focos.Pages: 647-65

Estimativa de evapotranspiração a partir da radiação global estimada por satélite no Nordeste do Brasil

Um grande número de métodos empíricos, físicos e meteorológicos foram desenvolvidos para estimar a evapotranspiração. Dentre estes métodos atualmente um dos mais usados para as estimativas da evapotranspiração potencial diária (Etp) é o desenvolvido por Penman-Monteith. Baseado neste método, e com o uso da radiação solar estimada a partir de imagens de satélite calculou-se a Etp, para a região nordeste do Brasil se estendendo entre 0-20°S, 34-49°W. Durante o período estudado, observou-se que a região norte da Bahia e oeste dos estados da Paraiba e Rio Grande do Norte apresentaram os maiores valores de Etp. Os menores valores de ETp foram norte dos estados do Maranhão, Piauí e Ceará

The influence of oceanic basins on drought and ecosystem dynamics in Northeast Brazil

The 2012 drought in Northeast Brazil was the harshest in decades, with potentially significant impacts on the vegetation of the unique semi-arid caatinga biome and on local livelihoods. Here, we use a coupled climate–vegetation model (CCM3-IBIS) to: (1) investigate the role of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans in the 2012 drought, and; (2) evaluate the response of the caatinga vegetation to the 2012 climate extreme. Our results indicate that anomalous sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the Atlantic Ocean were the primary factor forcing the 2012 drought, with Pacific Ocean SST having a larger role in sustaining typical climatic conditions in the region. The drought strongly influenced net primary production in the caatinga, causing a reduction in annual net ecosystem exchange indicating a reduction in amount of CO _2 released to the atmosphere

The AgMIP Coordinated Climate-Crop Modeling Project (C3MP) : Methods and Protocols

peer reviewedClimate effects on agriculture are of increasing concern in both the scientific and policy communities because of the growing population and the greater uncertainty in the weather during growing seasons. Changes in production are directly linked to variations in temperature and precipitation during the growing season and often to the offseason changes in weather because of soil water storage to replenish the soil profile. This is not an isolated problem but one of worldwide interest because each country has concerns about their food security. The Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) was developed to evaluate agricultural models and intercompare their ability to predict climate impacts. In sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, South America and East Asia, AgMIP regional research teams (RRTs) are conducting integrated assessments to improve understanding of agricultural impacts of climate change (including biophysical and economic impacts) at national and regional scales. Other AgMIP initiatives include global gridded modeling, data and information technology (IT) tool development, simulation of crop pests and diseases, site-based crop-climate sensitivity studies, and aggregation and scaling