6 research outputs found

    Savoirs locaux et agriculture durable au YĂ©men

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    RĂ©alisĂ© en partenariat avec le Centre YĂ©mĂ©nite de Ressources GĂ©nĂ©tiques, ce numĂ©ro des ‘Cahiers du CEFAS’, qui fait suite Ă  deux prĂ©cĂ©dents ‘Cahiers du CFEY’, rĂ©unit une sĂ©lection de 19 articles issus du sĂ©minaire Place des pratiques et des techniques anciennes dans l’agriculture yĂ©mĂ©nite d’aujourd’hui : problĂšmes et perspectives, qui s’était tenu en juin 2000 Ă  la FacultĂ© d’Agriculture de Sanaa et dans les locaux du CEFAS. Plus de trente anthropologues, archĂ©ologues, gĂ©ographes, historiens, agronomes et spĂ©cialistes du dĂ©veloppement, Ă©trangers et yĂ©mĂ©nites, ont pris la parole au cours de ces journĂ©es de rencontres et d’échanges.Loin d’un regard nostalgique sur l’image d’une agriculture yĂ©mĂ©nite immuable qui aurait Ă©chappĂ© Ă  toute modernisation ‘nĂ©faste’ de ses pratiques et de ses techniques, et bien loin d’un dĂ©bat remettant en question des avancĂ©es technologiques ‘excessives’ et leurs Ă©ventuels effets sur l’environnement et la qualitĂ© de l’alimentation, il fut davantage question ici de rĂ©flĂ©chir aux interventions en matiĂšre de dĂ©veloppement dans un pays principalement d’économie rurale et pour lequel toute politique de dĂ©veloppement doit s’appuyer en prioritĂ© sur le travail de sa population paysanne.This third publication of ‘Cahiers du CEFAS’ –previously named ‘Cahiers du CFEY’- results from a partnership with the Yemeni Genetic Resources Center (YGRC) and consists of 19 articles selected from the seminar The place of ancient agricultural practices and techniques in Yemen today : problems and perspectives, held in June 2000, at the Faculty of Agriculture of Sanaa University and in the CEFAS. More than 30 anthropologists, archaeologists, geographers, historians, agronomists and development specialists, from Yemen and abroad, participated in the meetings. Far from being a nostalgic point of view on a potentially ‘unchanging’ Yemeni agriculture, protected from any ‘harmful’ modernisation of its practices and techniques, and at the same time, far from discrediting ‘excessive’ technological improvements and their effects on environment or food quality, this seminar was clearly dedicated to sharing ideas related to development operations in this mainly rural country, where any development policy has to, in all cases, rely upon farmers’ labour

    Genetic associations at 53 loci highlight cell types and biological pathways relevant for kidney function

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    Reduced glomerular filtration rate defines chronic kidney disease and is associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), combining data across 133,413 individuals with replication in up to 42,166 individuals. We identify 24 new and confirm 29 previously identified loci. Of these 53 loci, 19 associate with eGFR among individuals with diabetes. Using bioinformatics, we show that identified genes at eGFR loci are enriched for expression in kidney tissues and in pathways relevant for kidney development and transmembrane transporter activity, kidney structure, and regulation of glucose metabolism. Chromatin state mapping and DNase I hypersensitivity analyses across adult tissues demonstrate preferential mapping of associated variants to regulatory regions in kidney but not extra-renal tissues. These findings suggest that genetic determinants of eGFR are mediated largely through direct effects within the kidney and highlight important cell types and biological pathways

    Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development

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