458 research outputs found
A Relative Unit Labor Cost: Case of Accession Countries
In this paper, framework of the relative labor cost has been used in order to analyze relative competitiveness of the economic agents in the Croatia and five accession countries. Therefore, unit labor costs have been calculated for the Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia. All of the analyzed countries are transition countries, on the similar level of GDP per capita, and are or will be in the near future EU members. Therefore, it is more than obvious that all of the analyzed countries will be direct competitors in the common European markets. Our findings suggest that relative unit costs (competitiveness) of Croatia vis a vis analyzed countries increased since 1996.competitiveness, relative unit labor costs, productivity, wages, employment
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN ADVERTISING - MISUSE OF WOMEN
Advertisements are absolutely everywhere. They do exist in a huge quantity everywhere around us and many people do not notice them at all. Mut, It is very imortant to research them because they are very indicative and they represent, in a way, system in which we live. They have and influence on the construction of our identities but also on the notion of social roles and on the difference between women and men. In this context, it is interesting to watch advertisements in terms of gender stereotypes as well as the use of women\u27s bodies in the advertising industry. The aim of the analysis of advertising content to determine the extent to which a woman\u27s body used in advertising but also the violation of a law on gender equality in advertising content
GLOBALNA KRIZA, OPORAVAK I SVIJET KOJI SE MIJENJA
The global economic crisis that lasted mostly during the years 2008 and 2009 has been the worst since the Great depression. Although statisti-cally the crisis seems to be over in most regions, the way to recovery rea-ching the pre-crisis levels will be long, painful and uncertain. It has to be pointed out that in some countries around the globe not even by the year 2010 the crisis was not over. On the overall the rebound had been weak and globally uneven. There seems to be under way a strong shift of economic activities towards Asian countries. This is more than evident in the case of China and India. In order to evaluate the process of global development well, an under-standing of this process prior to the crisis, the sources of the crisis, the effects of the crisis and the recovery path should be analyzed. In this paper the focus is on some of those issues.In the fi rst chapter of the paper the global situation prior to the crisis and the effects of the crisis since its outbreak are examined. The scope are the main regions of the world and signifi cant countries underlining the dif-ferences in development approaches, main factors of growth and the broad levels of global linkages facing them. The following chapter focuses on the aspects and implicit polarization outcomes. In a world in which inequalities of income distribution and poverty are as it seems on the rise and have been aggravated by the crisis, invite for the reexamination of the basic theories at hand. This is being presented it the third chapter. The theories and espe-cially the neo-liberal approach are being confronted by the facts offered by economic reality. The concluding remarks of the last chapter of the paper provide further questions on global federalism, the constraints and possibi-lities under the implicit assumption that they might develop without drastic confrontations and radical nationalistic outbursts.Globalna ekonomska kriza koja je bila oÄitija tijekom godine 2008. i godine 2009. bila je najteža od Velike svjetske krize. Iako statistiÄki izgleda da je najteže razdoblje krize proÅ”lo, put oporavka iz krize na razine iz predkriznih vremena po svemu sudeÄi biti Äe dugotrajan, bolan i neizvjestan. Pri tome valja istaknuti da neke države svijeta nisu izaÅ”le iz krize niti u godini 2010. Promatrano u cjelini dosadaÅ”nji globalni oporavak bio je slab i neujednaÄen. Diferencijacija globalnog ekonomskog rasta ukazuje da se odvija snažan pomak gospodarskih aktivnosti u pravcu zemalja Azije. To je najoÄitije kada se promatraju države poput Kine i Indije.Da bi se donio sud o procesu globalnog razvitka, potrebno je razumjeti procese razvitka u razdoblju prije krize, utvrditi bitna izvoriÅ”ta krize kao i procijeniti uÄinke krize te razmotriti mjere izlaska iz krize. Ovaj rad usredotoÄio se je na neka od ovih pitanja. U prvom se dijelu rada razmatraju prilike prije izbijanja krize kao i uÄinci krize po njenom izbijanju. Promatraju se glavne ekonomske regije svijeta kao i kljuÄne države sa ciljem da se ukaže na razlike u pristupu razvitku, na glavne Äimbenike rasta i bitne razine globalnih odnosa koji su uspostavljeni. U drugom poglavlju rada se razmatra pojavu globalne polarizacije i njene uÄinke. U svijetu u kojem dohodovne nejednakosti i siromaÅ”tvo Äine konstantu, s pojavom krize i njenim posljedicama ove su se najednakosti samo pogorÅ”ale. Takvo je stanje izazov za preispitivanje prevladavajuÄih razvojnih teorija, o Äemu se razmatra u treÄem dijelu rada. U tom se dijelu neo-liberalna teorija suÄeljava sa Äinjenicama iz ekonomske stvarnosti te se ukazuje na potrebu i naÄine revizije takvog pristupa. ZakljuÄni dio razmatra neke ideje s pogledom unaprijed u kojem se traži drugaÄiji pristup razvojnoj teoriji kao i jasniji odnos države odnosno nacije u njenom Å”irem okruženju. MoguÄe rjeÅ”enje vidi se u globalnom federalizmu u svjetlu ograniÄenja i moguÄnosti koje se mogu pojaviti na tom putu, a da se pri tom izbjegnu drastiÄne konfrontacije i radikalne nacionalistiÄke tendencije
RELATIVNI JEDINIÄNI TROÅ KOVI RADA: SLUÄAJ NOVOPRIDRUŽENIH ZEMALJA
In this paper, framework of the relative unit labor cost has been used in order to analyze relative competitiveness of the economic agents in Croatia and five new member countries. Unit labor costs have been calculated for Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia. The cointegration tests and VAR methodology was used in order to estimate importance of relative unit labor costs vis-Ć -vis accession countries on industrial production in Croatia. Our findings suggest that relative unit labor costs (RULC-competitiveness) increased quite modestly (within the margin of error) during the observed period and that movements of RULC can explain
short run movements in industrial production of Croatia.Konkurentnost Hrvatske i pet novopridruženih Älanica EU analizirana je u ovome radu u okviru teorije relativnih jediniÄnih troÅ”kova rada. JediniÄni troÅ”kovi rada izraÄunani su za ÄeÅ”ku, Hrvatsku, MaÄarsku, Poljsku, SlovaÄku i Sloveniju. Testovi kointegracije i
VAR metodologija je primijenjena u procjenjivanju utjecaja relativnih jediniÄnih troÅ”kova rada na industrijsku proizvodnju. Rezultati naÅ”ih istraživanja su ukazali na Äinjenicu da su relativni jediniÄni troÅ”kovi rada (konkurentnost) neznatno porasli tijekom promatranog
razdoblja i da njihovo kretanje može objasniti kratkoroÄna kretanja industrijske proizvodnje u Hrvatskoj
QUO VADIS CROATIA - Neke karakteristike momenta razvoja u svijetlu turbulentnih dogaÄanja u zemlji i svijetu - Kako dalje? - Hrvatska na putu u Europsku uniju -
Hrvatska je u predtranzicijskom razdoblju imala jedno od najrazvijenijih gospodarstava. U tranzicijskom razdoblju njen sporiji razvoj u odnosu na veÄinu ostalih tranzicijskih zemalja posljedica je rata i atipiÄnog modela privreÄivanja. AtipiÄni model privreÄivanja stvorio je makroekonomsko okruženje u kojem su domaÄi proizvodi izgubili, ili nisu mogli steÄi konkurentsku prednost. Jeftinija strana roba i jeftini strani krediti rezultirali su veÄom potroÅ”njom od proizvodnje, Å”to je Hrvatsku dovelo u položaj visoko zadužene zemlje. Visoki vanjski dug je glavna prepreka daljnjem razvoju
Hrvatske. RjeÅ”avanje te prepreke nalazi se u usklaÄivanju makroekonomske politike s industrijskom politikom i politikom ravnomjernog regionalnog razvoja. Ove politike trebaju stvoriti uvjete u kojima Äe se isplatiti raditi, proizvoditi i izvoziti. Uvjeti koji potiÄu masovno poduzetniÅ”tvo, kao temelj tržiÅ”ne ekonomije, uz obrazovanje za nove tehnologije i oÄuvanje okoliÅ”a uvjeti su za dugoroÄni gospodarski rast i druÅ”tveni razvoj Hrvatske
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