Normalized solutions for the Schr\"{o}dinger equation with combined Hartree type and power nonlinearities

We investigate normalized solutions for the Schr\"{o}dinger equation with combined Hartree type and power nonlinearities, namely \begin{equation*} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} -\Delta u+\lambda u=\gamma (I_{\alpha }\ast \left\vert u\right\vert ^{p})|u|^{p-2}u+\mu |u|^{q-2}u & \quad \text{in}\quad \mathbb{R}^{N}, \\ \int_{\mathbb{R}^{N}}|u|^{2}dx=c, & \end{array}% \right. \end{equation*} where $N\geq 2$ and $c>0$ is a given real number. Under different assumptions on $\gamma ,\mu ,p$ and $q$, we prove several nonexistence, existence and multiplicity results. In particular, we are more interested in the cases when the competing effect of Hartree type and power nonlinearities happens, i.e. $\gamma \mu <0,$ including the cases $\gamma 0$ and Due to the different "strength" of two types of nonlinearities, we find some differences in results and in the geometry of the corresponding functionals between these two cases

The nestin-expressing and non-expressing neurons in rat basal forebrain display different electrophysiological properties and project to hippocampus

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Nestin-immunoreactive (nestin-ir) neurons have been identified in the medial septal/diagonal band complex (MS/DBB) of adult rat and human, but the significance of nestin expression in functional neurons is not clear. This study investigated electrophysiological properties and neurochemical phenotypes of nestin-expressing (nestin+) neurons using whole-cell recording combined with single-cell RT-PCR to explore the significance of nestin expression in functional MS/DBB neurons. The retrograde labelling and immunofluorescence were used to investigate the nestin+ neuron related circuit in the septo-hippocampal pathway.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The results of single-cell RT-PCR showed that 87.5% (35/40) of nestin+ cells expressed choline acetyltransferase mRNA (ChAT+), only 44.3% (35/79) of ChAT+ cells expressed nestin mRNA. Furthermore, none of the nestin+ cells expressed glutamic acid decarboxylases 67 (GAD₆₇) or vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUT) mRNA. All of the recorded nestin+ cells were excitable and demonstrated slow-firing properties, which were distinctive from those of GAD₆₇or VGLUT mRNA-positive neurons. These results show that the MS/DBB cholinergic neurons could be divided into nestin-expressing cholinergic neurons (NEChs) and nestin non-expressing cholinergic neurons (NNChs). Interestingly, NEChs had higher excitability and received stronger spontaneous excitatory synaptic inputs than NNChs. Retrograde labelling combined with choline acetyltransferase and nestin immunofluorescence showed that both of the NEChs and NNChs projected to hippocampus.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results suggest that there are two parallel cholinergic septo-hippocampal pathways that may have different functions. The significance of nestin expressing in functional neurons has been discussed.</p

Trajectories of Self-compassion and Psychological Symptoms in Newly Diagnosed Cancer Patients

Objectives More self-compassion has been related to a better psychological functioning in cancer patients, but little is known about the course of self-compassion over time in the trajectory of illness and cancer treatment. This longitudinal study aimed to examine subgroups of cancer patients with differential trajectories of self-compassion and associations of these trajectories with the course of psychological symptoms. Methods A total of 153 cancer patients participated in this longitudinal study. Self-reported questionnaires were used to measure self-compassion (i.e., overall self-compassion and, separately, positive self-compassion, and negative self-compassion), and depressive and anxiety symptoms. These assessments were taken directly after cancer diagnosis (T1), and at the start (T2) and the end (T3) of medical treatment. Latent class growth modelling and repeated measures ANOVA were applied to examine the research questions. Results We identified three trajectories of overall self-compassion ("stable low" 82.2%, "late increase" 11.8%, and "late decrease" 6.0%), four trajectories of positive self-compassion ("late decline" 57.2%, "early decline" 22.4%, "large increase" 15.1%, and "large decline" 5.3%), and four trajectories of negative self-compassion ("late decline" 42.1%, "stable negative self-compassion" 40.8%, "large fluctuation" 9.9%, and "large increase" 7.2%). Only the negative self-compassion trajectories were significantly related to the course of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Conclusions Our findings suggest that subgroups of cancer patients exist that show distinct trajectories of self-compassion over time. We identified a small group of patients at a higher risk of losing self-compassion throughout the cancer trajectory and experiencing psychological symptoms

Sources and formation of nucleation mode particles in remote tropical marine atmospheres over the South China Sea and the Northwest Paci fic Ocean

Peer reviewe

Self-Compassion and Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety in Chinese Cancer Patients:the Mediating Role of Illness Perceptions

Objectives An adaptive role of self-compassion for psychological functioning in cancer patients has been highlighted, yet less is known about the underlying mechanisms. This study aimed to examine the mediating role of cancer patients' illness perceptions in the relations between self-compassion and psychological symptoms. Methods This cross-sectional study focused on 301 people with heterogeneous types of cancer. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect participants' levels of self-compassion, illness perceptions, and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Parallel mediation analyses were performed to examine the research questions. Results The relation between self-compassion and depressive symptoms was mediated by perceived consequences and a timeline cyclical of cancer. Perceived consequences also mediated the relation between self-compassion and symptoms of anxiety, with an additional mediating role of personal control. Conclusions These findings suggest that both self-compassion and illness perceptions were closely linked with cancer patients' psychological symptoms. Particularly, cancer patients who feel more self-compassionate perceive fewer negative consequences of cancer, a less timeline cyclical, and more personal control over their life and report fewer psychological symptoms

Efficient Silicon Metasurfaces for Visible Light

Dielectric metasurfaces require high refractive index contrast materials for optimum performance. This requirement imposes a severe restraint; either devices have been demonstrated at wavelengths of 700 nm and above using high-index semiconductors such as silicon, or they use lower index dielectric materials such as TiO2 or Si3N4 and operate in the visible wavelength regime. Here, we show that the high refractive index of silicon can be exploited at wavelengths as short as 532 nm by demonstrating a crystalline silicon metasurface with a transmission efficiency of 71% at this wavelength and a diffraction efficiency of 95% into the desired diffraction order. The metasurfaces consist of a graded array of silicon posts arranged in a square lattice on a quartz substrate. We show full 2π phase control, and we experimentally demonstrate polarization-independent beam deflection at 532 nm wavelength. Our results open a new way for realizing efficient metasurfaces based on silicon for the technologically all-important display applications

Patterns of unmet supportive needs and relationship to quality of life in Chinese cancer patients

ObjectiveThis study aimed to (1) identify distinct patterns of unmet needs in Chinese cancer patients; (2) examine whether sociodemographic and medical characteristics distinguished these patterns; and (3) examine whether people with distinct patterns reported differential quality of life (QoL). MethodsThis cross-sectional study recruited 301 cancer patients from 2 hospitals in China. The 34-item Supportive Care Needs Survey Short-Form was used to measure unmet needs across 5 domains: physical and daily living, psychological, patient care and support, health systems and information, and sexuality. Latent class analysis was performed to identify patterns of unmet needs across these domains. ResultsFour patterns of unmet needs were identified, differing in levels and nature of unmet needs. Participants in class 1 (47%) reported few unmet needs. Patients in class 2 (15%) had moderate levels of unmet needs, displaying similar levels across 5 domains. People in class 3 (25%) and class 4 (13%) reported similarly high levels on psychological, health care system and information, physical and daily living, and patient care, but differing in sexuality, with class 3 reporting low levels while class 4 high on sexuality. None of sociodemographic and medical characteristics distinguished these patterns significantly. Compared to other classes, people in class 1 reported highest levels of QoL. ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the existence of 4 patterns of unmet supportive needs in Chinese cancer patients. Patients with few unmet needs reported the best QoL

Psychometric properties of the Depression Stigma Scale (DSS) in Chinese cancer patients:a cross-sectional study

Objectives The Depression Stigma Scale (DSS) is commonly used to assess depression stigma in the general population and in people with depression. The DSS includes two 9-item subscales assumed to measure personal depression stigma (ie, personal perceptions of depression) and perceived depression stigma (ie, perceptions of how others perceive depression). The aim of the present study was to examine its psychometric properties in terms of validity and reliability in Chinese cancer patients. Design A cross-sectional study design. Participants and settings This study focused on 301 Chinese cancer patients recruited from two hospitals in Xian, China. Methods Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to assess the factor structure. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbachs alpha. To examine concurrent validity, symptoms of depression were used as the criterion. Results For each subscale of the DSS (ie, personal and perceived depression stigma), the EFA and CFA confirmed a two-factor structure: weak-not-sick (ie, perceiving that depression is not a real illness, but rather a sign of weakness) and discrimination (ie, perceiving that depressed people are discriminated against). The Cronbachs alphas were adequate, ranging from 0.70 to 0.80. Symptoms of depression were positively but weakly correlated to personal and perceived depression stigma. Conclusions The DSS appeared to show satisfactory psychometric properties in our sample of cancer patients. Both personal depression stigma and perceived depression stigma subscales consisted of two underlying aspects

Ultrathin Magnesium-based Coating as an Efficient Oxygen Barrier for Superconducting Circuit Materials

Scaling up superconducting quantum circuits based on transmon qubits necessitates substantial enhancements in qubit coherence time. Among the materials considered for transmon qubits, tantalum (Ta) has emerged as a promising candidate, surpassing conventional counterparts in terms of coherence time. However, the presence of an amorphous surface Ta oxide layer introduces dielectric loss, ultimately placing a limit on the coherence time. In this study, we present a novel approach for suppressing the formation of tantalum oxide using an ultrathin magnesium (Mg) capping layer deposited on top of tantalum. Synchrotron-based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies demonstrate that oxide is confined to an extremely thin region directly beneath the Mg/Ta interface. Additionally, we demonstrate that the superconducting properties of thin Ta films are improved following the Mg capping, exhibiting sharper and higher-temperature transitions to superconductive and magnetically ordered states. Based on the experimental data and computational modeling, we establish an atomic-scale mechanistic understanding of the role of the capping layer in protecting Ta from oxidation. This work provides valuable insights into the formation mechanism and functionality of surface tantalum oxide, as well as a new materials design principle with the potential to reduce dielectric loss in superconducting quantum materials. Ultimately, our findings pave the way for the realization of large-scale, high-performance quantum computing systems