Clinical evaluation of endolymphatic radiotherapy in malignant lymphoma

By endolymphatic injection of radioisotope 131I.Lipiodol, so.called endolymphatic radiotherapy, we treated 10 cases with malignant lymphoma and found a marked tumor reduction to normal size in all the 10 cases we tried. It seems that this method is one of the most effective therapeutic methods for malignant lymphoma, espe. cially invading into the retroperitoneal lymph nodes.</p

Experimental studies of the endolymphatic radiotherapy

By injecting 131I-Lipiodol into lymphatics of the dorsum of dog feet, the distribution of 13JI in the lymph nodes and other principal organs as well as its histological effect were studied periodically after the injection for the period of two months. The characteristic feature of J3JI distribution was the fact that J31I was accumulated into lymph nodes markedly higher than in any other organs and it was retained there over a long period of time. Histological examinations of the lymph nodes revealed a marked lymphocytopenia, the loss of germinal center, practically complete loss of lymphoid elements already 5 days after injection, and marked fibrosis. In the lung a considerable J3JI·distribution could be seen in early stage:, but with lapse of time it decreased rapidly. The distribution in other organs such as liver, spleen, bone marrow, kidney, ureter, bladder, thyroid gland, pancreas, testicles and small and large intestines was negligible in amount, and any specific histologic effect of irradiation could not be recognized in these organs including the lung. From these results, the authors concluded that 131I-Lipiodol has a selective activity on lymph nodes by injecting it via lymphatics and it is a safe method in clinical application to treat the patients bearing malignant lymphoma or metastatic lymph nodes.</p

Prompt Resolution of Hypoglycemia by Hepatic Transarterial Embolization for Malignant Insulinoma with Multiple Liver Metastases

A 45-year-old female who presented with loss of consciousness and a cold sweat was found to have a pancreatic tumor and multiple liver metastases. Laboratory studies showed marked hypoglycemia and inappropriately elevated serum insulin, C-peptide, and serum tumor markers. Fine needle aspiration revealed Grade 3 small-cell type primary pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma. Consequently, the diagnosis of malignant insulinoma was made. Transarterial embolization (TAE) for hepatic metastases resulted in the reduction of tumor volume and prompt resolution of hypoglycemic attacks, whereas diazoxide and systemic chemotherapy had been ineffective for controlling blood glucose levels, and octreotide was unavailable due to the allergic effect. This case report highlights the potential usefulness of TAE for malignant insulinomas in the management of hypoglycemia

The Quiescent Intracluster Medium in the Core of the Perseus Cluster

Clusters of galaxies are the most massive gravitationally-bound objects in the Universe and are still forming. They are thus important probes of cosmological parameters and a host of astrophysical processes. Knowledge of the dynamics of the pervasive hot gas, which dominates in mass over stars in a cluster, is a crucial missing ingredient. It can enable new insights into mechanical energy injection by the central supermassive black hole and the use of hydrostatic equilibrium for the determination of cluster masses. X-rays from the core of the Perseus cluster are emitted by the 50 million K diffuse hot plasma filling its gravitational potential well. The Active Galactic Nucleus of the central galaxy NGC1275 is pumping jetted energy into the surrounding intracluster medium, creating buoyant bubbles filled with relativistic plasma. These likely induce motions in the intracluster medium and heat the inner gas preventing runaway radiative cooling; a process known as Active Galactic Nucleus Feedback. Here we report on Hitomi X-ray observations of the Perseus cluster core, which reveal a remarkably quiescent atmosphere where the gas has a line-of-sight velocity dispersion of 164+/-10 km/s in a region 30-60 kpc from the central nucleus. A gradient in the line-of-sight velocity of 150+/-70 km/s is found across the 60 kpc image of the cluster core. Turbulent pressure support in the gas is 4% or less of the thermodynamic pressure, with large scale shear at most doubling that estimate. We infer that total cluster masses determined from hydrostatic equilibrium in the central regions need little correction for turbulent pressure.Comment: 31 pages, 11 Figs, published in Nature July

Hitomi (ASTRO-H) X-ray Astronomy Satellite

The Hitomi (ASTRO-H) mission is the sixth Japanese x-ray astronomy satellite developed by a large international collaboration, including Japan, USA, Canada, and Europe. The mission aimed to provide the highest energy resolution ever achieved at E  >  2  keV, using a microcalorimeter instrument, and to cover a wide energy range spanning four decades in energy from soft x-rays to gamma rays. After a successful launch on February 17, 2016, the spacecraft lost its function on March 26, 2016, but the commissioning phase for about a month provided valuable information on the onboard instruments and the spacecraft system, including astrophysical results obtained from first light observations. The paper describes the Hitomi (ASTRO-H) mission, its capabilities, the initial operation, and the instruments/spacecraft performances confirmed during the commissioning operations for about a month

Virological Studies on Human Leukemia Report Ⅰ. Analysis of Viral Antigens of Rauscher Murine Leukemia andHuman Leukemia Cells by Direct Immunofluorescence with Anti-Rauscher Leukemia Virus Serum

Specificity of anti-Rauscher leukemia virus goat serum was strictly checked by purification, labelling with fluorescein and elimination of nonspecific reaction. Using this antiserum, antigen analyses of the spleen and liver cells of Rauscher leukemic mice and human leukemic cells were examined by the direct immunofluorescence technique and following results were obtained.By electron microscopy, the eclipse phase was reported to be about 1 week after virus inoculation, but it was found that viral antigen was observable already in three days after virus infection. In the experiment with human leukemias, cells from bone marrow or peripheral bloodsmears from patients with 20 acute leukemias (14 of myelocytic, 6 of lymphocytic), 6 chronic leukemias (3 of myelocytic, 3 of lymphocytic), 10 malignant lymphomas (4 of Hodgkin disease, 4 of lymphosarcoma, 2 of reticulum cell sarcoma), 2 multiple myeloma and 10 other disorders were tested with anti-Rauscher leukemia virus goat serum. However, specific fluorescence was not seen in any cells tested. Based on these findings, the role of virus in human leukemia was discussed

Virological Studies on Human Leukemia Report Ⅱ. Immunofluorescent Detection of the Species-Specific (gs-1) Antigens and Interspecies-Specific (gs-3) Antigens in the Human Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines Chronically Infected with Rauscher Leukemia Virus

As a virological approach to the study of human leukemia, the group-specific (gs) antigens in the human lymphoblastoid cell lines chronically infected with Rauscher leukemia virus, OUMS-11a-R, OUMS-6C1-R1 and OUMS-6C1-R2, were examined by the immunofluorescence technique with anti-gs-1 rat serum and anti-gs-3 goat serum. Immunofluorescence-positive cells with the anti-Rauscher leukemia virus goat serum and anti-gs-1 rat serum were observed in 0.2-0.6% of OUMS-11a-R cells, and in 8-15% of OUMS-6C1-R1 and OUMS-6C1-R2 cells. However, no staining was detected in any cell lines with anti-gs-3 goat serum. The number of fluorescent cells roughly coincided with those of cells producing type-C virus particles as observed by electron microscopic examination. In all instances, the fluorescence was restricted to the cytoplasm. It was diffuse and homogeneous in almost all cases, although granular cytoplasmic fluorescence was sometimes observed. There was no nuclear or perinuclear fluorescence. The specificity of these antisera was confirmed by the occurrence of specific fluorescence in the spleen and liver of mice infected with Rauscher leukemia virus, but not in the control tests of uninfected mice. From these results of gs antigen analyses in the human lymphoblastoid cells chronically infected with Rauscher leukemia virus, it was considered that type-C virus particles propagated in these cells were Rauscher leukemia virus itself used for infection, and it seemed unlikely that the hypothetical viral genome of human origin was activated and human type-C virus particles were rescued

Acta Medica Okayama Clinical evaluation of endolymphatic radiotherapy in malignant lymphoma Clinical evaluation of endolymphatic radiotherapy in malignant lymphoma * CLINICAL EVALUATION OF ENDOLYMPHATIC RADIOTHERAPY IN MALIGNANT LYMPHOMA

Abstract By endolymphatic injection of radioisotope 131I.Lipiodol, so.called endolymphatic radiotherapy, we treated 10 cases with malignant lymphoma and found a marked tumor reduction to normal size in all the 10 cases we tried. It seems that this method is one of the most effective therapeutic methods for malignant lymphoma, espe. cially invading into the retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Abstract: By endolymphatic injection of radioisotope 131I.Lipiodol, so.called endolymphatic radiotherapy, we treated 10 cases with malignant lymphoma and found a marked tumor reduction to normal size in all the 10 cases we tried. It seems that this method is one of the most effective therapeutic methods for malignant lymphoma, espe. cially invading into the retroperitoneal lymph nodes. It was FISCHER and ZIMMERMAN (1) who first suggested a possibility of applying lymphography for the treatment, and WALLACE et al, (2, 3) attempted first to inject therapeutic materials into the lymph vessels for treatment. Subsequently, there appeared many reports by CHIAPPA et al, (4-7) wh