6,753 research outputs found
A one-dimensional tunable magnetic metamaterial
We present experimental data on a one-dimensional superconducting
metamaterial that is tunable over a broad frequency band. The basic building
block of this magnetic thin-film medium is a single-junction (rf-)
superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). Due to the nonlinear
inductance of such an element, its resonance frequency is tunable in situ by
applying a dc magnetic field. We demonstrate that this results in tunable
effective parameters of our metamaterial consisting of 54 SQUIDs. In order to
obtain the effective magnetic permeability from the measured data, we employ a
technique that uses only the complex transmission coefficient S21
Wigner crystallization in the quantum 1D jellium at all densities
The jellium is a model, introduced by Wigner (Phys Rev 46(11):1002, 1934), for a gas of electrons moving in a uniform neutralizing background of positive charge. Wigner suggested that the repulsion between electrons might lead to a broken translational symmetry. For classical one-dimensional systems this fact was proven by Kunz (Ann Phys 85(2):303â335, 1974), while in the quantum setting, Brascamp and Lieb (Functional integration and its applications. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1975) proved translation symmetry breaking at low densities. Here, we prove translation symmetry breaking for the quantum one-dimensional jellium at all densities
Double Entropic Stochastic Resonance
We demonstrate the appearance of a purely entropic stochastic resonance (ESR)
occurring in a geometrically confined system, where the irregular boundaries
cause entropic barriers. The interplay between a periodic input signal, a
constant bias and intrinsic thermal noise leads to a resonant ESR-phenomenon in
which feeble signals become amplified. This new phenomenon is characterized by
the presence of two peaks in the spectral amplification at corresponding
optimal values of the noise strength. The main peak is associated with the
manifest stochastic resonance synchronization mechanism involving the
inter-well noise-activated dynamics while a second peak relates to a regime of
optimal sensitivity for intra-well dynamics. The nature of ESR, occurring when
the origin of the barrier is entropic rather than energetic, offers new
perspectives for novel investigations and potential applications. ESR by itself
presents yet another case where one constructively can harvest noise in driven
nonequilibrium systems.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures ; Europhys. Lett., in press (2009
Statistics of transition times, phase diffusion and synchronization in periodically driven bistable systems
The statistics of transitions between the metastable states of a periodically
driven bistable Brownian oscillator are investigated on the basis of a
two-state description by means of a master equation with time-dependent rates.
The results are compared with extensive numerical simulations of the Langevin
equation for a sinusoidal driving force. Very good agreement is achieved both
for the counting statistics of the number of transitions and the residence time
distribution of the process in either state. The counting statistics
corroborate in a consistent way the interpretation of stochastic resonance as a
synchronisation phenomenon for a properly defined generalized Rice phase.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figure
Capacitance fluctuations causing channel noise reduction in stochastic Hodgkin-Huxley systems
Voltage-dependent ion channels determine the electric properties of axonal
cell membranes. They not only allow the passage of ions through the cell
membrane but also contribute to an additional charging of the cell membrane
resulting in the so-called capacitance loading. The switching of the channel
gates between an open and a closed configuration is intrinsically related to
the movement of gating charge within the cell membrane. At the beginning of an
action potential the transient gating current is opposite to the direction of
the current of sodium ions through the membrane. Therefore, the excitability is
expected to become reduced due to the influence of a gating current. Our
stochastic Hodgkin-Huxley like modeling takes into account both the channel
noise -- i.e. the fluctuations of the number of open ion channels -- and the
capacitance fluctuations that result from the dynamics of the gating charge. We
investigate the spiking dynamics of membrane patches of variable size and
analyze the statistics of the spontaneous spiking. As a main result, we find
that the gating currents yield a drastic reduction of the spontaneous spiking
rate for sufficiently large ion channel clusters. Consequently, this
demonstrates a prominent mechanism for channel noise reduction.Comment: 18 page
System size resonance in an attractor neural network
We study the response of an attractor neural network, in the ferromagnetic
phase, to an external, time-dependent stimulus, which drives the system
periodically two different attractors. We demonstrate a non-trivial dependance
of the system via a system size resonance, by showing a signal amplification
maximum at a certain finite size.Comment: 7 pages, 9 figures, submitted to Europhys. Let
Top quark forward-backward asymmetry and W^prime bosons
The top quark forward-backward asymmetry measured at the Fermilab Tevatron
collider deviates from the standard model prediction. A W^prime boson model is
described, where the coupling W^prime-t-d is fixed by the tt_bar
forward-backward asymmetry and total cross section at the Tevatron. We show
that such a W^prime boson would be produced in association with a top quark at
the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), thus inducing additional tt_bar+j events.
We use measurements of tt_bar+n-jet production from the LHC to constrain the
allowed W^prime-t-d couplings as a function of W^prime boson mass. We find that
this W^prime model is constrained at the 95% C.L. using 0.7 fb^{-1} of data
from the LHC, and could be fully excluded with 5 fb^{-1} of data.Comment: 6 pgs., 4 PS figure
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